Health Sciences Research Methods
Exam Review
Course Introduction
Health Sciences Research Methods provides students with an in-depth understanding of the foundational principles and approaches to conducting research in the health sciences field. The course covers the research process from formulating questions and hypotheses to designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. Emphasis is placed on qualitative and quantitative methodologies, ethical considerations, literature review strategies, and the critical evaluation of published research. By the end of the course, students will be equipped with the skills necessary to design their own research projects, assess the validity and reliability of existing studies, and apply research findings to evidence-based practice in various health-related settings.
Recommended Textbook
Reading Understanding and Applying Nursing Research 4th Edition by James A. Fain
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10 Chapters
100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The development of a solid foundation of reliable knowledge typically is built from which type of research?
A) basic research
B) action research
C) evaluation research
D) qualitative research
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is not a basic assumption of science?
A) Science cannot provide answers to all questions.
B) It is possible to distinguish between more and less plausible claims.
C) Researchers should follow certain agreed upon norms and practices.
D) Science is best at solving value conflicts.
Answer: D
Q3) An example of a specialty journal is:
A) Nursing Research.
B) Research in Nursing and Health.
C) Oncology Nursing Forum.
D) Western Journal of Nursing Research.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Understanding the Research Process and Ethical Issues in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study that follows a cohort of subjects and collects over time is referred to as:
A) observational.
B) retrospective.
C) longitudinal.
D) experimental.
Answer: C
Q2) A research design that examines relationships between and among variables is referred to as:
A) longitudinal.
B) correlational.
C) prospective.
D) retrospective.
Answer: B
Q3) Individuals who provide data in a research study are often referred to as the: A) population.
B) data points.
C) coding plan.
D) sample.
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Understanding Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the weakest pieces of evidence a researcher can identify when addressing and answering clinical questions is the use of:
A) individual case-control studies.
B) case studies.
C) expert opinion.
D) randomized clinical trials.
Answer: C
Q2) The term _is often referred to as a delay in using research findings in practice.
A) systematic reviews
B) research-practice gap
C) evidence-based practice
D) evidence database
Answer: B
Q3) Reasons for a research-practice gap include all of the following except:
A) Nurses lack the skill of reading research reports.
B) Nurses don't develop an opportunity for acceptance of change.
C) Nurses are encouraged by administration to resist change in practice.
D) Nurse researchers and clinicians use different language.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Selecting and Defining a Problem
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best describes the problem statement, "To what extent do health practices influence the health of American citizens?"
A) acceptable as stated
B) not a research problem because it addresses a moral issue
C) not acceptable as stated because it leads an independent variable
D) not acceptable because of the vagueness of concepts stated
Q2) Journals that determine acceptance of manuscripts based on peer review are referred to as a:
A) scientific journal.
B) theoretical journal.
C) referred journal.
D) electronic journal.
Q3) Computer database searchers can be done:
A) at the library.
B) online at home.
C) using a CD-ROM.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 5: Applying Appropriate Theories and Conceptual Models
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a central concept in conceptual models of nursing?
A) person
B) social support
C) health
D) environment
Q2) Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theory?
A) inductive
B) deductive
C) scientific inquiry
D) empirical model
Q3) Which scientific method follows these steps: observation/data, patterns, theory?
A) inductive
B) deductive
C) scientific inquiry
D) empirical model
Q4) Which of the following is characteristic of good theory or explanation?
A) It is parsimonious.
B) It is testable.
C) It is general enough to apply to more than one person, place, or situation.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 6: Formulating Hypotheses and Research
Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hypotheses that do not specify a particular direction in relation to variables under study are called:
A) nondirectional hypotheses.
B) directional hypotheses.
C) extraneous hypotheses.
D) null hypotheses.
Q2) Identify the dependent variable in the following hypothesis: "Exercisers exhibit higher self-efficacy scores compared to nonexercises."
A) exercisers
B) nonexercisers
C) self-efficacy
D) none of the above
Q3) Hypotheses can be classified as:
A) simple or complex.
B) nondirectional versus directional.
C) research versus statistical.
D) all of the above
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Selecting the Sample and Setting
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Sample Questions
Q1) You put all the names of the students in a class into a jar, mix them up, and draw out names of your subject. Identify the appropriate sampling design.
A) simple random sampling
B) cluster sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) quota sampling
Q2) All members of a population have an equal chance of being selected as subjects in a research project. This is called:
A) randomization.
B) random assignment.
C) random sample.
D) random quota.
Q3) You decide to select a sample of 100 subjects of whom 10% will be African American, 10% Hispanic, and 80% white. Identify the appropriate sampling design.
A) simple random sampling
B) cluster sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) quota sampling
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Chapter 8: Principles of Measurement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a type of criterion-related validity evidence?
A) concurrent validity
B) predictive validity
C) internal consistency
D) both a and b
Q2) An estimate of reliability based on the average correlation among items within a test is called:
A) internal consistency reliability.
B) alternate forms reliability.
C) test-retest reliability.
D) split-half reliability.
Q3) Cronbach's alpha is used to determine which of the following instrument attributes?
A) stability
B) internal consistency
C) construct validity
D) sensitivity
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Chapter 9: Data Collection Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true concerning observations?
A) It takes less time than self-report measures.
B) It costs less money than self-report measures.
C) It is often not possible to determine exactly why people behave the way they do.
D) all of the above
Q2) The tendency for participants to respond to an item on a questionnaire in a way that does not reflect the real situation is called a _____.
A) response set bias
B) probe
C) semantic differential
D) contingency question
Q3) Both open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires are used in research. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Open-ended questions directly provide quantitative data.
B) Closed-ended questions provide quantitative data.
C) Open-ended questions provide qualitative data.
D) Closed-ended questions directly provide qualitative data.
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Chapter 10: Analyzing Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) The standard deviation is:
A) the square root of the variance.
B) a measure of variability.
C) an approximate indicator how numbers vary from the mean.
D) all of the above
Q2) _is the set of procedures used to explain or predict the values of a dependent variable based on values of one or more independent variables.
A) Regression analysis
B) Regression coefficient
C) Regression equation
D) Regression line
Q3) A statistical test used to compare two or more groups is called:
A) simple regression.
B) post-hoc test.
C) t-test for regression.
D) one-way ANOVA.
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