Health Sciences
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Health Sciences is an interdisciplinary field focused on the study of human health, disease prevention, and healthcare systems. This course explores the biological, behavioral, and social factors that influence individual and community health. Students will gain a thorough understanding of the scientific principles underlying health and illness, the role of healthcare professionals, and the importance of public health policies in improving quality of life. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based practice, ethical issues in healthcare, and current challenges facing global health systems. This foundational knowledge prepares students for further study or careers in healthcare, research, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 6th Edition by Valerie C. Scanlon
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66 Chapters
5039 Verified Questions
5039 Flashcards
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Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of body sections (Select all that apply)?
A)A transverse section involves a horizontal plane.
B)A coronal section is the same as a frontal section.
C)A cross-section is useful for showing the internal structure of a tubular organ.
D)Right and left parts of the body are obtained with a sagittal section.
E)A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the nose and navel.
F)Anterior and posterior parts of the body are obtained with a frontal section.
Answer: A,B,C,D,E,F
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of cells and tissues (Select all that apply)?
A)A human cell is made of organic and inorganic chemicals.
B)A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together.
C)A tissue that generates impulses is nerve tissue.
D)Some connective tissues do not have cells.
E)A tissue on a body surface is an epithelial tissue.
F)The tissue that is specialized to contract is muscle tissue.
Answer: A,B,C,E,F
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Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bones of the skull are rigid and hard,which is part of their __________________.
Answer: anatomy
Q2) The lungs are covered by a membrane called the ____________________.
Answer: visceral pleura
Q3) To maintain homeostasis,the body must constantly respond to ______________________.
Answer: changes
Q4) A living cell is made of nonliving materials called ______________________.
Answer: chemicals
Q5) The organ system of which the thyroid gland is part is the ______________ system.
Answer: endocrine
Q6) The type of feedback mechanism in which the response keeps the stimulus going is called _______________________.
Answer: positive
Q7) The most posterior area of the head is the ______________ area. Answer: occipital
Q8) The dorsal cavity is lined by membranes called the ________________. Answer: meninges Page 4
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Page 5
Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The brachial area is ___ to the axillary area and ___ to the volar area.
A)distal/proximal
B)distal/inferior
C)proximal/distal
D)proximal/superior
Answer: A
Q2) The umbilical area is ___ to the lumbar area.
A)dorsal
B)posterior
C)proximal
D)ventral
Answer: D
Q3) An organ that is part of the digestive system probably ___ something.
A)secretes
B)protects
C)supports
D)covers
Answer: A
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of covalent,hydrogen,or disulfide bonds (Select all that apply)?
A)Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
B)Organic molecules such as glucose are held together by covalent bonds.
C)The element carbon only rarely forms covalent bonds.
D)Hydrogen bonds help maintain the three-dimensional shape of proteins.
E)Disulfide bonds help maintain the three-dimensional shape of carbohydrates.
F)Covalent bonds are relatively strong,except in water,where they weaken and tend to break.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of elements (Select all that apply)?
A)C,H,and O stand for carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen.
B)Cu and Cl stand for copper and chlorine.
C)Fe and I stand for iron and iodine.
D)N and Na stand for nitrogen and potassium.
E)Ca and K stand for calcium and sodium.
F)Z and M stand for zinc and magnesium.
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number of positive or negative charges an ion has is called its
Q2) Starches from plants are digested by people to ____________________________.
Q3) An acid has more ___________________ ions than does a neutral solution.
Q4) Pentose sugars are part of the larger molecules _____________ and ______________.
Q5) The excretion of waste products in urine depends on the _______________________ function of water.
Q6) While sweating,the body loses heat by the process of _____________________________.
Q7) The energy storage molecule in the liver is ________________________.
Q8) A reaction in which small molecules are bonded to form a larger one is a ___________________ reaction.
Q9) Two polysaccharides made of glucose are ____________________ and _________________.
Q10) The transport of minerals in the blood depends on the _______________________ function of water.
Q11) A synonym for ionization (such as NaCl in water)is _________________________. Page 8
Q12) Amino acids are the subunits of __________________________.
Q13) Plasma is the name for the water within _____________________________.
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The storage form for energy in adipose tissue is:
A)glycogen
B)true fats
C)pentose sugars
D)oligosaccharides
Q2) A solution with a pH of 2.5 would be:
A)slightly acidic
B)strongly acidic
C)slightly alkaline
D)strongly alkaline
Q3) A reaction in which smaller molecules are bonded to form larger ones is called a:
A)composition reaction
B)synthesis reaction
C)thesis reaction
D)decomposition reaction
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10
Chapter 4:Cells-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of cell organelles (Select all that apply)?
A)The Golgi apparatus is concerned with secretion.
B)Carbohydrates are synthesized by lysosomes.
C)Cilia are found on cells that absorb large quantities of nutrients.
D)Mitochondria produce ATP.
E)Tunnels for transport throughout the cytoplasm are formed by the endoplasmic reticulum.
F)Unneeded proteins are destroyed by ribosomes.
G)The centrioles are concerned with the movement of the cell.
H)The sites of protein synthesis are the proteasomes.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the nucleus of a cell (Select all that apply)?
A)The nuclear membrane has four layers to protect the chromosomes.
B)The nucleus of a human body cell contains 48 chromosomes.
C)The nucleus of a human body cell is a diploid nucleus.
D)The chromosomes in the nucleus are made of DNA and protein.
E)Human cells that do not have nuclei are mature red blood cells.f.The nucleus is the control center of the cell because it contains most of the mitochondria of the cell.
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cellular transport process that requires transporters (carrier enzymes)is
Q2) White blood cells engulf bacteria by the process of __________________________.
Q3) In mitosis,the centromeres of the chromatid pairs divide during _____________________.
Q4) Chromosomes are made of two types of organic molecules: ___________________ and _____________________.
Q5) In the process of diffusion,molecules move from an area of _______________________ to an area of ___________________________.
Q6) In order for a hormone to affect a cell,it must fit into a(n)________________________ on the cell membrane.
Q7) The nucleus is the regulating center of a cell because it contains the _____________________.
Q8) Most human cells have ______________ (how many)chromosomes.
Q9) In the process of protein synthesis,the three bases that are the code for an amino acid may be called a(n)__________________ or a(n)___________________.
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Q10) A solution with a lesser salt concentration than human cells is said to be __________________________.
Chapter 4:Cells-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of meiosis produces ___ cells,each with the ___ number of chromosomes.
A)2/diploid
B)2/haploid
C)4/diploid
D)4/haploid
Q2) Most cells take in glucose by the process of:
A)diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)osmosis
D)pinocytosis
Q3) The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called:
A)filtration
B)osmosis
C)pinocytosis
D)active transport
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13
Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of blood and blood cells (Select all that apply)?
A)White blood cells provide immunity to certain diseases.
B)Red blood cells carry oxygen from the body tissues to the lungs.
C)Blood plasma is a solvent for nutrients.
D)Blood clotting requires platelets.
E)Blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow and the liver.
F)A hemopoietic tissue is a tissue that forms blood plasma.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the tissues of the respiratory tract (Select all that apply)?
A)The alveoli of the lungs are made of stratified squamous epithelium.
B)The trachea is kept open by fibrous connective tissue.
C)The bronchioles (airways)can constrict because of their elastic connective tissue.
D)The trachea is lined with ciliated epithelium.
E)Areolar connective tissue is found below the mucous membranes.
F)The cilia of the trachea sweep dust and mucus downward.
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The blood cells that destroy pathogens are the __________________________ cells.
Q2) Ligaments connect bone to ___________________,and are made of ____________________ tissue.
Q3) The type of muscle tissue that is also called voluntary is _________________________.
Q4) The ________________________ tissue of the small intestine creates waves of contraction called peristalsis.
Q5) The connective tissue membrane that lines joint cavities is a(n)_______________________.
Q6) Cartilage matrix differs from bone matrix in that cartilage is ___________________ and bone is not.
Q7) The type of muscle tissue found in the uterus is __________________________.
Q8) The tissue that stores potential energy in the form of true fats is _____________________.
Q9) The function of a neurotransmitter is to carry a(n)_____________________ across a(n)_____________________.
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Q10) The heart is made of _______________________,which
Q11) The connective tissue membrane that covers a muscle is a(n)_____________________.
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tissue that protects some internal organs from mechanical injury is:
A)cartilage
B)fibrous connective tissue
C)bone
D)none of these
Q2) The connective tissue that cushions the eyes in their bony orbits is:
A)adipose tissue
B)areolar connective tissue
C)elastic connective tissue
D)fibrous connective tissue
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of epithelial tissues?
A)Stratified squamous epithelium forms capillaries.
B)The thyroid gland is made of cuboidal epithelium.
C)Columnar epithelium lines the stomach.
D)In women,the fallopian tubes are lined with ciliated epithelium.
Q4) The function of smooth muscle in the small intestine is:
A)peristalsis
B)digestion of food
C)absorption of nutrients
D)production of enzymes
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Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of melanocytes and melanin (Select all that apply)?
A)Melanocytes are found in the dermis,where they are protected from mechanical injury.
B)Melanin gives color to the eyes as well as to the skin.
C)Melanin protects living cells from the heat of direct sunlight.
D)Skin color is a genetic characteristic,and color darkens when the skin is exposed to infrared light.
E)The more melanocytes per square inch of skin,the darker a person's skin color.
F)A melanocyte that becomes malignant may give rise to a melanoma.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the superficial fascia (Select all that apply)?
A)Adipose tissue has potential energy in the form of fat.
B)Areolar connective tissue contains many white blood cells.
C)This layer is a secondary line of defense for the body because it is just within the skin.
D)The mast cells in this layer produce histamine,which contributes to inflammation.
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18
Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sweating promotes heat loss by means of the process of
Q2) In a stressful situation,the arterioles in the dermis will _______________ to allow blood to flow to the ______________________.
Q3) The arterioles in the dermis will dilate when the external environment becomes _____________________.
Q4) When the arterioles in the dermis dilate,the loss of body heat will be
Q5) During hot weather the ___________________ sweat glands increase their rate of secretion.
Q6) In a warm environment,the arterioles in the dermis will
Q7) The arterioles in the dermis will constrict when the external environment becomes
Q8) For the cutaneous senses of pain and heat,the receptors are _________________________.
Q9) The outer layer of the skin is the _____________________,which is made of ______________________________ tissue.
Page 19
Q10) The new cells of the epidermis produce the protein
Q11) Scratching an itch is efficient because fingers have __________________________.
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Page 20
Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The layer of the skin that is made of fibrous connective tissue is the:
A)dermis
B)subcutaneous layer
C)epidermis
D)None of these layers is made of this tissue.
Q2) The subcutaneous tissue that contains WBCs to destroy pathogens that enter breaks in the skin is:
A)areolar connective tissue
B)fibrous connective tissue
C)stratified squamous epithelium
D)simple squamous epithelium
Q3) In a cold environment,the arterioles in the dermis will:
A)dilate to lose heat
B)constrict to lose heat
C)constrict to conserve heat
D)dilate to conserve heat
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21
Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of bone tissue (Select all that apply)?
A)Osteons are found only in spongy bone.
B)An osteon consists of one osteocyte surrounded by capillaries.
C)Spongy bone is found on the surfaces of flat and irregular bones.
D)Compact bone forms the diaphyses of short bones.
E)The blood vessels in compact bone come from the periosteum.
F)Osteoblasts are the cells that reabsorb excess bone during remodeling.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of red bone marrow (RBM)and blood cells (Select all that apply)?
A)RBM is found in the diaphyses of long bones.
B)RBM is the body's primary hemopoietic tissue.
C)All of the body's red blood cells are produced in the RBM.
D)RBM is found in the compact bone of flat bones.
E)Platelets are produced in the RBM and are important for blood clotting.
F)White blood cells are not produced in the RBM,but rather by the liver.
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22
Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The humerus and ulna form a(n)___________________ joint.
Q2) Preventing friction in a joint cavity is the function of _____________________________.
Q3) The hormone in women that promotes closure of the epiphyseal discs is ___________________.
Q4) The hormone that decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is __________________________.
Q5) The parietal and temporal bones form a(n)_____________________ joint.
Q6) The shoulder and hip joints are similar in that both are _______________________ joints.
Q7) Two bones that protect the eye are the __________________ and _________________.
Q8) The metacarpal of the thumb and the adjacent carpal form a(n)_________________ joint.
Q9) Two hormones that provide the ATP production needed for growing bones are _______________________ and ____________________.
Q10) Flat and irregular bones are made primarily of ____________________ bone.
Q11) The bone that protects the receptors for hearing is the
Q12) The paranasal sinuses are lined with ___________________ epithelium.
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are synovial joints except:
A)hinge joints
B)sutures
C)saddle joints
D)ball-and-socket joints
Q2) The ethmoid bone helps protect the sensory receptors and nerves for:
A)smell
B)hearing
C)taste
D)touch
Q3) An example of a hinge joint is the:
A)femur and hip bone
B)radius and ulna
C)tibia and fibula
D)femur and tibia
Q4) Which statement is true of the cells of bone?
A)Osteocytes regulate the calcium metabolism of adult bones.
B)Osteoblasts blast away old bone when repair is needed.
C)Both A and B.
D)Both A and B,and osteoclasts produce new bone matrix.
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of oxygen and muscle contraction (Select all that apply)?
A)Myoglobin transports oxygen to muscle cells.
B)Hemoglobin transports oxygen in blood plasma.
C)When oxygen is present in contracting muscle cells,CO2 and H2O are formed.
D)When oxygen is not present in contracting muscle cells,lactic acid is formed.
E)Oxygen debt is the body's need for oxygen to convert lactic acid to proteins.
F)Both myoglobin and hemoglobin can bond to oxygen because they contain the mineral iron.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of muscle sense (Select all that apply)?
A)The brain forms a picture of where the muscles are.
B)It depends of motor nerve impulses.
C)The receptors in muscle are called reaction receptors.
D)Conscious muscle sense is integrated by the temporal lobes.
E)Unconscious muscle sense is integrated by the cerebellum.
F)It is important for everyday tasks and for coordination.
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a neuromuscular junction,the impulse is transmitted from the motor neuron by _______________________ to the ______________________.
Q2) In the sliding filament mechanism,___________________ filaments pull ______________ filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
Q3) Muscles are attached to bones by ______________________,which are made of _________________________ tissue.
Q4) The muscle on the buttock that extends the thigh is the _____________________________.
Q5) The muscle on the front of the arm that flexes the forearm is the _____________________.
Q6) In the sliding filament mechanism,the inhibiting proteins are ___________________ and _________________________.
Q7) During repolarization of a muscle fiber,_______________ ions rush ________________ the cell.
Q8) The integration of unconscious muscle sense is a function of the _____________________.
Q9) In the neuromuscular junction,cholinesterase is contained within the _________________.
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of the gluteus maximus is to:
A)stabilize the vertebral column
B)extend the thigh
C)flex the thigh
D)flex the vertebral column
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of the energy sources for muscle contraction?
A)When ATP is used up,muscle fatigue begins.
B)Glycogen is a form of stored energy.
C)Glycogen is made from glucose.
D)Creatine phosphate is a secondary energy source.
Q3) Two muscles may be called synergists if:
A)they have the same function
B)they are in the same part of the body
C)they have opposite functions
D)one contracts while the other relaxes
Q4) During exercise,the blood supply of muscles is increased by:
A)vasodilation
B)vasoconstriction
C)increased respiratory rate
D)none of the above
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part A
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Q1) The cranial nerve pair that is sensory for hearing is the
Q2) The ______________________ lobe of the cerebrum contains the visual area.
Q3) The part of the brain that regulates coordination of voluntary movement is the __________________________.
Q4) The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the ____________________________.
Q5) Interneurons carry impulses within the ________________.
Q6) In a cross-section of the spinal cord,the _________________ matter is interior and is surrounded by the ___________________ matter.
Q7) Between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane is the __________________________,which contains
Q8) Thoracolumbar is another name for the ________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system.
Q9) A reflex is defined as a(n)________________________ response to a(n)__________________.
29
Q10) The neuroglia that form the myelin sheath in the CNS are the _______________________.
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of neurons (Select all that apply)?
A)Sensory neurons carry impulses from the CNS to receptors.
B)A group of neuron axons in the PNS is called a nerve.
C)Interneurons are found only in the spinal cord.
D)Motor neurons may also be called afferent neurons.
E)A single neuron can be both sensory and motor.
F)The part of a neuron that carries the electrical impulse is the cell membrane.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the cranial nerves (Select all that apply)?
A)The accessory nerves are motor to the shoulders.
B)The acoustic nerves are sensory only for hearing.
C)The optic nerves are sensory for vision and motor for blinking.
D)Secretion of saliva is a function of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves.
E)The olfactory nerves are sensory for smell.
F)The trochlear nerves are motor for movement of the eyeball.
G)The vagus nerves help increase heart rate and the process of digestion.
H)The oculomotor nerves help regulate the size of the pupil.
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30
Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens in a stretch reflex?
A)A stretched muscle is stretched further.
B)A stretched muscle will contract.
C)Part of the body pushes away a painful stimulus.
D)Part of the body is pulled away from a painful stimulus.
Q2) The part of peripheral nerve tissue that forms the myelin sheath is the:
A)axon
B)Schwann cell nucleus
C)oligodendrocyte
D)Schwann cell membrane
Q3) The part of the brain that controls appetite is the:
A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)medulla
D)midbrain
Q4) The practical importance of stretch reflexes is to:
A)keep the body upright
B)avoid objects seen approaching
C)react to stress quickly
D)prevent further injury to the body
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the cutaneous senses (Select all that apply)?
A)Most of the receptors are in the epidermis.
B)The receptors for pain,touch,and temperature are encapsulated nerve endings.
C)The sensitivity of an area of skin depends on how close the receptors are to the surface.
D)Irritating substances in the skin can trigger itch or pain sensations.
E)Adaptation occurs with the senses of touch and pressure.
F)Contrast is an important aspect of cutaneous temperature sense.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of arterial receptors (Select all that apply)?
A)Pressoreceptors detect changes in blood pressure.
B)These receptors are found in the carotid arteries,which are within the brain.
C)These receptors are also in the aortic arch,which is in the thoracic cavity.
D)Arterial chemoreceptors detect changes in nutrient levels in the blood.
E)The information from these receptors is used to make changes in breathing and heart rate.
F)The cranial nerves that are sensory are the facial and glossopharyngeal.
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32
Chapter 10:The Senses-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The photoreceptors in the retina are the _______________ and _________________.
Q2) The part of the eye that helps keep the retina in place is the __________________________.
Q3) The optic nerve is formed by ____________________ neurons,and passes through the eyeball at the _____________________.
Q4) The membranes that line the eyelids are the ____________________________.
Q5) The part of the eye that contains the receptors for vision is the ______________________.
Q6) The photoreceptors that detect the presence of light are the _________________.
Q7) The chemoreceptors for the sense of taste detect chemicals dissolved in ______________.
Q8) The cranial nerve pairs for the sense of taste are the _______________________ and the _______________________.
Q9) Arterial pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors are located in the _____________________ arteries and the __________________ arch.
Q10) The cells of the retina that form the optic nerve are the __________________________. Page 33
Q11) The sensory area for the sense of smell is in the __________________________ lobe.
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cranial nerve pair concerned with equilibrium is the:
A)vagus
B)accessory
C)acoustic
D)abducens
Q2) The sensory areas for cutaneous sensations are located in the ___ of the brain.
A)frontal lobes
B)parietal lobes
C)temporal lobes
D)occipital lobes
Q3) The sclera of the eye:
A)is the middle layer of the eyeball
B)forms the white of the eye
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and is made of elastic connective tissue
Q4) The vitreous humor of the eye:
A)helps keep the retina in place
B)is a semisolid
C)is in the posterior cavity of the eye
D)all of the above
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part A
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13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of thyroxine (and T?)and growth hormone (GH)(Select all that apply)?
A)Thyroxine contains iodine and GH contains iron.
B)Thyroxine increases the use of all food types for energy.
C)GH increases the use of amino acids to produce energy.
D)Both hormones increase the rate of mitosis in growing tissues.
E)Both hormones increase the rate of protein synthesis in cells.
F)Thyroxine is secreted throughout life,but GH is secreted only when the body is growing in height.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the stimuli for secretion of hormones (Select all that apply)?
A)Hypercalcemia stimulates secretion of calcitonin.
B)Hypoglycemia stimulates secretion of glucagon.
C)Parasympathetic impulses stimulate secretion of norepinephrine.
D)Severe hemorrhage is a stimulus for secretion of ADH.
E)Secretion of growth hormone is stimulated by GHRH from the posterior pituitary gland.
F)Secretion of FSH stimulates secretion of Lh.
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that dilates the bronchioles is __________________________.
Q2) Two hormones that increase the rate of protein synthesis in cells are _________________ and _________________________.
Q3) The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is _________________________.
Q4) The specific cells that produce insulin are __________________ cells,and they do so when the blood glucose level __________________________.
Q5) The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes is _____________________,which is produced by the _________________________ gland.
Q6) The endocrine glands that have two distinct parts are the __________________________ and the _______________________________.
Q7) The target organs of calcitonin are _________________________.
Q8) The direct stimulus for secretion of epinephrine is _______________________________.
Q9) The pancreatic hormone ___________________ is secreted between meals,and the pancreatic hormone _______________________ is secreted right after meals.
Q10) When blood pressure decreases,secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by the Page 37
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose by the liver is:
A)glucagon
B)thyroxine
C)GH
D)insulin
Q2) Which hormone is paired with its correct stimulus for secretion?
A)growth hormone - GSH
B)thyroxine - TRH
C)estrogen - LH
D)cortisol - ACTH
Q3) The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are:
A)LH and testosterone
B)LH and FSH
C)testosterone and inhibin
D)FSH and testosterone
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of white blood cells (WBCs)(Select all that apply)?
A)The most numerous WBCs are the lymphocytes.
B)Monocytes become macrophages that are capable of phagocytosis.
C)Eosinophils increase during allergic reactions.
D)Basophils contribute to the process of inflammation.
E)The most numerous phagocytes are the neutrophils.
F)B lymphocytes phagocytize small pathogens.
G)T lymphocytes become plasma cells that produce antibodies.
H)The relative percentages of the various kinds of WBCs is called a comparative count.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of blood disorders (Select all that apply)?
A)Thrombocytopenia is a deficiency of platelets,and may lead to bleeding episodes.
B)Leukemia is an excess of WBCs,but the WBCs are not functional.
C)Anemia is a deficiency of RBCs or of hemoglobin.
D)A deficiency of WBCs is leukocytosis.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part B
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Q1) For breaks in large arteries,blood loss may be stopped only if _______________________ occurs first.
Q2) The primary hemopoietic tissue is _______________________________.
Q3) Leukocytosis might be a sign of __________________________.
Q4) The kind of WBC that recognizes foreign antigens is the ____________________________.
Q5) If more carbon dioxide is carried by the blood,the pH of the blood will
Q6) A value of 15 grams/100 mL of blood would be normal for the __________________ value in a CBC.
Q7) A newly formed clot is made smaller by the process of ____________________________.
Q8) The respiratory gas that is transported mainly in blood plasma is _______________________.
Q9) When old RBCs are destroyed,their iron may be stored in the _____________________.
Q10) The ABO blood types are named for the _________________________ that are found on a person's _______________________.
Q11) The function of RBCs is to ____________________. Page 41
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these organs is NOT made of lymphatic tissue?
A)lymph nodes
B)thymus gland
C)spleen
D)liver
Q2) The transport of waste products by the blood plasma depends on the:
A)lubricant action of water
B)solvent action of water
C)heat capacity of water
D)bonding action of water
Q3) Old RBCs are phagocytized by macrophages in all of these organs except the:
A)red bone marrow
B)liver
C)spleen
D)lymph nodes
Q4) The life span of RBCs is approximately:
A)12 days
B)12 weeks
C)120 days
D)120 weeks
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the location and layers of the heart (Select all that apply)?
A)The heart is medial to the lungs and inferior to the diaphragm.
B)The fibrous pericardium is the thickest and outermost pericardial membrane.
C)The parietal and visceral pericardia are mucous membranes.
D)The endocardium lines the heart and prevents friction as the heart beats.
E)The apex of the heart is at the upper right of the mediastinum.
F)The myocardium is the thickest layer of the wall of the heart,and is responsible for contraction.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of coronary circulation (Select all that apply)?
A)The coronary arteries are branches of the ascending aorta.
B)The blood in the coronary arteries is high in oxygen.
C)Blockage of a coronary vessel may cause ischemia and necrosis of cardiac muscle.
D)The coronary veins merge into the coronary sinus,which empties blood into the left atrium.
Q3)
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part B
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Q1) The amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one beat is called ______________________.
Q2) The myocardium forms the ______________________________ of the heart.
Q3) The ________________________ returns blood from the upper body to the right atrium.
Q4) For the myocardium,the most important substance in the blood is ____________________.
Q5) The carotid sinus is strategically located to detect changes as the blood is on its way to the ___________________________.
Q6) If stroke volume is 80 mL and pulse is 70 bpm,then cardiac output is __________________.
Q7) The sequence of events in one heartbeat is called the ___________________________.
Q8) The superior vena cava returns blood from the _______________________ to the ______________________ of the heart.
Q9) The walls of the chambers of the heart are formed by the ___________________________.
45
Q10) The heart is located in an area called the ___________________________,and is protected by the
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) For the heart muscle,the most important substance in the blood is:
A)glucose
B)iron
C)protein
D)oxygen
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of the atria of the heart?
A)They are the upper chambers and have thin walls.
B)They produce the hormone ANP when blood pressure rises.
C)The right atrium receives blood from the lower body.
D)The left atrium receives blood from the upper body.
Q3) Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in:
A)one beat
B)one minute
C)one hour
D)one day
Q4) As the heart beats,friction between the pericardial membranes is prevented by:
A)serous fluid
B)plasma
C)mucus
D)endocardial fluid
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the maintenance of blood pressure (BP)(Select all that apply)?
A)If more blood returns to the heart,the ventricles contract more forcefully to pump it out,and this raises BP.
B)The hormone ADH helps the kidneys conserve water,and helps prevent a decrease in BP.
C)The elasticity of the large arteries helps decrease diastolic BP.
D)If BP decreases,filtration in the kidneys decreases.
E)Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ ions by the kidneys,which lowers BP.
F)If BP decreases,the kidneys secrete the enzyme renin,which stimulates the secretion of epinephrine to prevent a further decrease.
G)Norepinephrine stimulates vasoconstriction in skin,viscera,and skeletal muscles,all of which lower BP.
H)The hormone ANP increases the excretion of K+ ions by the kidneys,which helps conserve water and raise BP.
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) In pulmonary circulation,blood is pumped to the lungs by the
Q2) Two hormones that affect blood pressure because they affect blood volume are _____________________ and ______________________.
Q3) In fetal circulation,the umbilical arteries carry blood from the __________________ to the ____________________________.
Q4) The hormone that raises blood pressure by increasing heart rate and force of contraction is ____________________________.
Q5) In fetal circulation,the _______________________ permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium.
Q6) Hypertension is considered to be a blood pressure that is consistently higher than _____________________.
Q7) In fetal circulation,exchanges between fetal blood and maternal blood take place in the ____________________________.
Q8) In fetal circulation,blood flows from the fetus to the placenta through the _________________________.
Q9) In capillaries,albumin creates __________________ pressure,a pulling pressure.
Page 49
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the fetus,the ductus arteriosus permits blood to flow:
A)from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
B)from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
C)from the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein
D)from the aorta to the pulmonary vein
Q2) Which vein is NOT paired with the part of the body it drains of blood?
A)external jugular - neck
B)common iliac - forearm
C)subclavian - shoulder
D)popliteal - knee
Q3) Which artery is NOT paired with the part of the body to which it supplies blood?
A)radial - forearm
B)anterior tibial - lower leg
C)brachial - shoulder
D)femoral - thigh
Q4) Which statement is NOT true of fetal circulation?
A)The foramen ovale permits blood to bypass the fetal liver.
B)The umbilical arteries take blood from the fetus to the placenta.
C)The ductus arteriosus permits blood to bypass the fetal lungs.
D)The placenta is the site of exchanges between maternal blood and fetal blood.
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of adaptive immunity (Select all that apply)?
A)Antibody production is characteristic of both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity.
B)Opsonization is a reaction of cell-mediated immunity that attracts macrophages.
C)Memory B cells provide the memory of a pathogen in cell-mediated immunity.
D)Helper T cells help out with phagocytosis.
E)Cytotoxic T cells destroy cellular antigens by producing toxic chemicals.
F)Complement fixation is triggered by antigen-antibody complexes.
G)Helper T cells work with macrophages in the recognition of foreign antigens.
H)Antibodies are proteins produced by plasma cells that have differentiated from B cells.
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Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of passive immunity that is naturally acquired is
Q2) Ingested pathogens are usually destroyed by the _____________ in the _________________.
Q3) In adaptive immunity,when antibodies bond to viruses,they change the shape of the viruses,which is called _____________________________.
Q4) In adaptive immunity,the mechanism that does not involve antibody production is _________________________________.
Q5) In adaptive immunity,T cells are involved in all aspects of the mechanism called _______________________ immunity.
Q6) The component of immunity that creates memory is ____________________ immunity.
Q7) In adaptive immunity,the _____________________ T cells remember a specific foreign antigen.
Q8) In any form of active immunity,the antibodies have come from ______________________________.
Q9) In the embryo,B cells are produced in the _____________________________.
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Q10) When the spleen destroys old RBCs,the ______________________ that is formed circulates to the ______________________ to be excreted.
Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tonsils are the ___ of the ___.
A)lymph nodules/pharynx
B)lymph nodes/larynx
C)lymph nodules/larynx
D)lymph nodes/pharynx
Q2) The labeling of a foreign antigen by antibodies is called ___,and results in ___.
A)opsonization/phagocytosis of the antigen
B)lymphokinesis/production of more antibodies
C)opsonization/production of more antibodies
D)lymphokinesis/phagocytosis of the antigen
Q3) The lysozyme of innate immunity is found in:
A)tears,to inhibit bacterial growth
B)saliva,to stimulate inflammation
C)gastric juice,to destroy bacteria
D)the stratum corneum,to inhibit fungi
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the chemical regulation of respiration (Select all that apply)?
A)The strongest stimulus to increase breathing is a decrease in CO2 in the body fluids.
B)The carotid bodies and jugular body contain receptors that detect decreased oxygen.
C)Central chemoreceptors that are very sensitive to decreased CO2 are located in the cerebrum.
D)Severe hypoxia will stimulate an increase in breathing rate and depth.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis (Select all that apply)?
A)A severe case of pneumonia may cause respiratory alkalosis.
B)Hyperventilation increases the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> exhaled and lowers the pH of body fluids.
C)Holding your breath will increase the pH of body fluids.
D)To compensate for metabolic alkalosis,respiration will increase in rate and depth.
E)To compensate for metabolic acidosis,the respiratory rate will decrease.
F)Chronic emphysema may result in respiratory acidosis.
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) During exhalation,intrapulmonic pressure _______________________,and air moves ________________ the lungs.
Q2) A forced exhalation requires the _____________________________ muscles,which pull the ribs ______________________.
Q3) Bicarbonate ions in the plasma are the form in which ________________________ is transported in the blood.
Q4) The ________________________ nerves are motor to the diaphragm.
Q5) The function of the soft palate is to cover the __________________________ during _____________________________.
Q6) The air pressure outside the body is called __________________________ pressure
Q7) The general cause of respiratory alkalosis is a(n)______________________ in breathing rate that results in __________________ CO<sub>2</sub> in the body.
Q8) The strongest stimulus to increase the breathing rate is a higher level of ____________________ in the blood,because this will ___________________ the pH of the blood.
Q9) The elastic connective tissue of the lungs contributes to ______________________ .
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Q10) The airway of the larynx is kept open by ___________________________.
Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) For an ongoing metabolic pH imbalance,the limit of respiratory compensation is approximately:
A)100%
B)75%
C)50%
D)25%
Q2) A patient with severe emphysema may also have:
A)metabolic acidosis
B)respiratory acidosis
C)metabolic alkalosis
D)respiratory alkalosis
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of the pleural membranes?
A)They are the serous membranes of the thoracic cavity.
B)Serous fluid prevents friction during breathing.
C)The parietal pleura lines the chest cavity.
D)The visceral pleura lines the lungs.
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56
Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the large intestine (Select all that apply)?
A)The appendix is a small,dead-end extension of the ascending colon.
B)An important function of the colon is the absorption of water.
C)The splenic flexure is the junction of the transverse colon and the descending colon.
D)The internal anal sphincter is smooth muscle that surrounds the anus.
E)The external anal sphincter is striated muscle that contracts to permit defecation.
F)The normal flora of the colon produce vitamins and inhibit the growth of pathogens.
G)The stimulus for the defecation reflex is contraction of the sigmoid colon.
H)The ileocecal valve prevents backup of feces into the small intestine.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The colon absorbs a great deal of _______________,and also absorbs _______________ and __________________________.
Q2) The function of bicarbonate pancreatic juice is to neutralize the ________________ that comes from the ________________________.
Q3) The cranial nerve pair that supplies the alimentary tube is the ___________________,and its effect on peristalsis is to ____________________ it.
Q4) In the villi of the small intestine,water-soluble end products of digestion are absorbed into the _________________________,and fat-soluble end products are absorbed into the _________________________.
Q5) During swallowing,the opening from the pharynx to the larynx is covered by the __________________________.
Q6) Protein is digested by pancreatic _______________________,starches by pancreatic ____________________,and fats by pancreatic
Q7) In the villi of the small intestine,fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the _________________ in combination with _________________________.
Q8) During swallowing,the nasopharynx is covered by the __________________________.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of the intrinsic factor in gastric juice is to:
A)begin the digestion of proteins
B)increase the secretion of gastric juice
C)promote the absorption of glucose by the small intestine
D)prevent the digestion of vitamin B12 by the stomach
Q2) The part of the colon into which the small intestine empties is the:
A)ascending colon
B)sigmoid colon
C)transverse colon
D)cecum
Q3) An important vitamin that is produced by the normal flora of the colon is:
A)vitamin D
B)vitamin A
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin K
Q4) Which statement is NOT true of the defecation reflex?
A)Voluntary control is provided by the external anal sphincter.
B)The internal anal sphincter contracts.
C)The reflex is integrated in the spinal cord.
D)The reflex is stimulated when feces stretch the rectum.
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the calorie content of foods (Select all that apply)?
A)A gram of fat has 6 calories.
B)A gram of carbohydrate has 5 calories.
C)A gram of protein has 4 calories.
D)A snack with 5 grams of fat,15 grams of carbohydrate,and 2 grams of protein has 113 calories.
E)A snack with 3 grams of fat,20 grams of carbohydrate,and 4 grams of protein has 95 calories.
F)A snack with 20 grams of fat,10 grams of carbohydrate,and 10 grams of protein has 260 calories.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of heat production (Select all that apply)?
A)The skin is a large organ and produces 30% of the body's total heat.
B)The liver is a large organ and produces 20% of the body's total heat.
C)Heat production is a constant process because ATP production is a constant process.
D)Skeletal muscles produce heat only during exercise.
E)Heat is one of the energy products of cell respiration.
F)The brain is a large organ and produces about 20% of the body's total heat.
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The unit of measure for the energy content of foods is the ___________________________.
Q2) In cell respiration,the molecule that enters glycolysis is _________________________,and the molecule formed is __________________________.
Q3) Metabolic rate is higher in __________________ (men or women)because they have more __________________ tissue.
Q4) In cell respiration,metabolic water is made from the hydrogens that have come from ______________________ and the oxygen that has come from _______________________.
Q5) In cell respiration,pyruvic acid is formed during _________________________ (stage).
Q6) Sweating cools the body by the process of ______________________ of __________________.
Q7) The normal range of human body temperature in degrees Celsius is __________ to ___________.
Q8) The processes of heat radiation and conduction from the skin are decreased when the arterioles in the dermis ____________________________.
Q9) Vasodilation in the dermis will ___________________ the loss of heat.
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that is most important for daily regulation of cell respiration and heat production is:
A)aldosterone
B)norepinephrine
C)epinephrine
D)thyroxine
Q2) The units of measure for the energy content of foods are:
A)degrees
B)grams
C)kilodegrees
D)kilocalories
Q3) Vitamins that are directly necessary for the process of cell respiration include:
A)vitamin C and riboflavin
B)riboflavin and vitamin D
C)vitamin K and niacin
D)niacin and riboflavin
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the internal structure of the kidney (Select all that apply)?
A)The renal cortex consists of small segments called renal pyramids.
B)The renal pelvis has extensions called calyces to collect urine.
C)The outermost tissue layer is the renal medulla,which is made of renal corpuscles.
D)The renal artery enters the kidney at the hilus on the lateral side.
E)Collecting tubules extend to the apex of each renal pyramid.
F)The capillaries of the kidneys are the glomeruli and the peritubular capillaries.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the locations of the organs of the urinary system (Select all that apply)?
A)Each ureter extends from the real cortex to the urinary bladder.
B)The urethra in men is posterior to the rectum.
C)The kidneys are lateral to the backbone and anterior to the peritoneum.
D)The urinary bladder is behind the pubic bones.
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) If ADH secretion decreases,more ___________________ will be excreted in urine.
Q2) In the kidneys,the hormone that increases the reabsorption of calcium ions is ______________________.
Q3) In the kidneys,the processes of reabsorption and secretion take place in the _____________________ portion of the nephron.
Q4) If the kidneys are not functioning properly,the levels of the nitrogenous waste products will decrease in the ______________________ and increase in the ______________________.
Q5) The term renal pyramids is another name for the _______________________________.
Q6) In the kidney,the calyces are part of the ____________________ and enclose the tips of the ______________________.
Q7) The part of the urinary bladder that expels urine is the ________________________________.
Q8) In women,the urinary bladder is _________________________ to the uterus.
Q9) In tubular reabsorption,amino acids are reabsorbed by the process of __________________.
Q11) The outer layer of kidney tissue is called the Page 64
Q10) The process of tubular secretion may include the nitrogenous waste product
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Voluntary control of the urination reflex is provided by the:
A)detrusor muscle
B)internal urethral sphincter
C)spinal cord
D)external urethral sphincter
Q2) The function of erythropoietin is to:
A)correct acidosis
B)raise blood pressure
C)lower blood pressure
D)increase RBC production
Q3) In the kidneys,active transport is the process for the reabsorption of:
A)glucose
B)amino acids
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and small proteins
Q4) The two major parts of a nephron are the:
A)glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
B)renal tubule and loop of Henle
C)glomerulus and renal corpuscle
D)renal corpuscle and renal tubule
66
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of fluid volume and hormones (Select all that apply)?
A)Increased secretion of ADH will help prevent the loss of body fluid.
B)Aldosterone increases the excretion of sodium ions and the retention of potassium ions and water.
C)ANP increases the retention of sodium ions and has no effect on potassium ions.
D)Dehydration (any form or cause)will stimulate secretion of ADH.
E)An increase in BP stimulates secretion of aldosterone by way of the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
F)The kidneys are target organs of ADH,ANP,and aldosterone.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part B
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Q1) The electrolyte that is part of ATP is __________________________.
Q2) The concentration of dissolved substances in a solution is called ______________________.
Q3) Most of the loss of body water is by way of ________________________,and secondary losses are by way of ________________________ and _________________________.
Q4) The pH-regulating mechanism that has the greatest capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the _________________________.
Q5) The pH-regulating mechanism that has the least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the ____________________________.
Q6) The three sources of daily water intake for the body,from greatest to least,are ___________________,____________________,and
Q7) Most of a person's daily water intake comes from __________________________.
Q8) Lethargy and decreased awareness are signs of a pH imbalance with the body fluids becoming too __________________________.
Q10) If the kidneys are excreting more hydrogen ions,the pH of body fluids will probably Page 68
Q9) In plasma and tissue fluid,____________________ are significant organic anions.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Q1) The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the ___,because it has ___.
A)medulla/the swallowing center
B)hypothalamus/wet receptors
C)cerebrum/awareness of thirst
D)hypothalamus/osmoreceptors
Q2) The concentration of dissolved materials present in a solution is called:
A)osmoreceptors
B)water balance
C)osmosis
D)osmolarity
Q3) The major electrolytes in plasma are:
A)sodium,chloride,and proteins
B)sodium and potassium
C)sodium,potassium,and chloride
D)potassium,phosphate,and proteins
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the vagina and vulva (Select all that apply)?
A)The vagina is also the birth canal.
B)The labia majora and minora cover the urethral and vaginal openings and prevent drying of their mucous membranes.
C)The clitoris is a sensory organ for sexual arousal.
D)The secretion of Bartholin's glands helps facilitate the movement of an ovum.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the testes and male reproductive ducts (Select all that apply)?
A)The testes are located in the scrotum because sperm development requires a temperature lower than 37oC.
B)The ductus deferens carries sperm to the ejaculatory duct on its side.
C)The epididymis passes through the inguinal canal and is the site of maturation of sperm.
D)The rete testis is a network formed by all the ducts of the seminiferous tubules.
E)The paired ejaculatory ducts empty sperm and secretions into the urethra.
F)The membranous urethra is surrounded by the external urethral sphincter.
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part B
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Q1) From the epididymis,the ducts that carry sperm are the _________________________,______________________________,and __________________________.
Q2) The layer of the uterine wall that contracts for delivery of an infant is the ___________________________.
Q3) The epididymis carries sperm from the __________________ to the ________________________________.
Q4) The vagina is ___________________ to the rectum and ______________________ to the urethra.
Q5) The process of meiosis in the ovaries is called _______________________,and each cell produces _________ functional egg cell(s).
Q6) Semen has an _____________________ pH,which is important because the female vagina has an _________________________ pH.
Q7) An average menstrual cycle is approximately ___________ days.
Q8) The openings in the female perineum are for the _______________________ and the __________________________.
Q9) Oogenesis takes place in the ___________________,and each cell that undergoes meiosis produces ________ functional egg cell(s).
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part C
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Q1) The hormone that stimulates the release of milk from the mammary glands is:
A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)prolactin
D)oxytocin
Q2) The ovaries are located ___ to the uterus in the ___ cavity.
A)medial/pelvic
B)inferior/abdominal
C)medial/abdominal
D)lateral/pelvic
Q3) A fallopian tube extends from the ___ laterally to the ___ medially.
A)ovary/uterus
B)uterus/ovary
C)ovary/cervix
D)cervix/ovary
Q4) The head of a sperm cell contains:
A)enzymes to burrow into the ovum
B)mitochondria to produce energy
C)the chromosomes
D)all of these
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of multiple allele inheritance (Select all that apply)?
A)More than two alleles for the trait exist,but an individual will have only two of them.
B)At least one of the alleles will be dominant over another.
C)A child may have a phenotype that is different from that of both parents.
D)A child may have a genotype that is different from that of both parents.
E)The human ABO blood group has three alleles and four possible blood types.
F)In the ABO group,the recessive phenotype is the most frequent in the human population.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the placenta and fetal circulation (Select all that apply)?
A)The umbilical arteries carry oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.
B)The foramen ovale permits blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium.
C)The ductus venosus takes blood to the superior vena cava after bypassing the lungs.
D)The ductus arteriosus takes blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery.
E)The placenta is made of both fetal and maternal tissue.
F) Fetal carbon dioxide is brought to the placenta by the umbilical vein.
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part B
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Q1) In the embryo,the three germ layers,or primary layers,are the ______________________,_______________________,and
Q2) The function of the placental hormone hCG is to maintain the _______________________ during early pregnancy.
Q3) In the placenta,nutrients are taken into fetal vessels by the process of _____________________.
Q4) A person who is heterozygous for a particular trait has two ____________________ genes for it.
Q5) A person who has two different genes for a particular trait is said to be _____________________ for that trait.
Q6) A person has two genes for each genetic trait,and these genes are called __________________ and _____________________.
Q7) During labor,the hormone that causes strong contractions of the uterus is ___________________.
Q8) In the placenta,oxygen and carbon dioxide move by the process of _____________________.
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Q9) When a zygote undergoes cleavage,the process of cell division is
Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part C
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Q1) The embryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of the placenta is the:
A)chorion
B)amnion
C)yolk sac
D)umbilical cord
Q2) If a trait may appear in the phenotype when only one gene for it is present,that trait is called:
A)dominant
B)strong
C)recessive
D)homozygous
Q3) After birth,the fetal ductus arteriosus ___ so that ___ blood will flow to the fetal lungs.
A)constricts/less
B)dilates/more
C)constricts/more
D)dilates/less
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part A
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Q1) An inapparent infection is one in which the person has no:
A)cough
B)rash
C)fever
D)symptoms at all
Q2) Bacterial chemicals that are harmful to host cells are called:
A)antibodies
B)antigens
C)toxins
D)minerals
Q3) Which of these is NOT ever part of a virus?
A)DNA
B)RNA
C)a protein shell
D)a cell membrane
Q4) An antibiotic that is effective against just a few kinds of bacteria is called:
A)broad spectrum
B)narrow spectrum
C)single spectrum
D)wide spectrum
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part B
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Q1) The measles virus is host specific,which means that it affects only _______________ and not ___________________________.
Q2) Binary fission is the process by which bacteria ________________________.
Q3) A fungus infection of the heart valves is an example of a(n)_________________________ mycosis.
Q4) A(n)_________________________ infection is one that is acquired in a hospital.
Q5) Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs are called ____________________________.
Q6) Bacteria that reproduce only in the absence of oxygen are called _________________________.
Q7) A chronic infection is one that _________________________________.
Q8) A disease that people acquire from animals is called a(n)_______________________,and an example is
Q10) The presence of bacteria in the blood is called Page 78
Q9) An infection that begins suddenly or progresses rapidly is called
Q11) An endogenous infection is one that is caused by the _______________________________.
Q12) A subclinical infection is one in which the person __________________________________.
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part C
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of resident flora (Select all that apply)?
A)The nasal cavities have a smaller flora than do the bronchioles.
B)Many of our resident flora prevent pathogens from establishing themselves.
C)Some colon flora produce vitamins that are useful to us.
D)The urinary bladder should have only a small population,and the blood should be free of bacteria.
E)Resident skin flora include fungi as well as bacteria.
F)Few pathogens reach the lungs,and those that do are quickly destroyed by red blood cells.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of vectors and the diseases they spread (Select all that apply)?
A)The human body louse is the vector of typhoid fever.
B)Mosquitoes are vectors of malaria and yellow fever.
C)Vectors spread disease when they bite humans or other warm-blooded animals.
D)The deer tick is the vector of Lyme disease and West Nile encephalitis.
E)Fleas are vectors of bubonic plague,epidemic typhus,and sleeping sickness.
F)The vector of a pathogen may be an essential part of the life cycle of that pathogen.
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