Health Sciences Pharmacology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Health Sciences Pharmacology introduces students to the fundamental principles of pharmacology as they relate to the health sciences. The course explores the mechanisms of drug action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the therapeutic use of major drug classes. Emphasis is placed on understanding drug interactions, side effects, and the safe administration of medications within clinical settings. Students develop critical thinking skills for interpreting medication-related scenarios and learn to apply pharmacological knowledge to patient care, fostering a foundation for further study in medicine, nursing, or allied health fields.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals 5th Edition by Susan M. Turley
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25 Chapters
2155 Verified Questions
2155 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pharmacology and the History of Drugs
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the historical development of the apothecary,the first hospital-based pharmacy,and the first drug store operated by a registered pharmacist.
Answer: German King Frederic II of Germany ordered that the physicians and apothecaries be two separate professions.The first apothecary shop was established in Iraq in 754 AD.In the United States,the first apothecary shop was established in 1729,the first hospital-based pharmacy in 1751,and the first drug store operated by a registered pharmacist in 1823.
Q2) As a result of a national tragedy,Congress passed The Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act of 1938.One of the key parts of this act ________.
A) required manufacturers to list their drugs in the United States Pharmacopeia or National Formulary
B) made it mandatory that drugs had a pleasing taste and odor
C) required accurate labeling of drugs to prevent substitutions or mislabeling of ingredients
D) stated that the government no longer needed proof of fraud to stop the sale of a drug
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Drug Design, Testing, Manufacturing, and Marketing
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why would a physician give a patient a free sample of a drug?
A) To give away what the drug representatives gave them
B) To help patients save money
C) To allow the patient to try a limited supply to see if it worked
D) To fulfill FDA requirements
Answer: C
Q2) While it is physiologically impossible for a placebo to exert any pharmacological effect,patients often report a decrease in certain types of symptoms after taking a placebo.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The ________ of the active drug ingredient can be particularly crucial in drugs with a low therapeutic index.
Answer: bioavailability
Q4) The animal phase of drug testing precedes testing on humans.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Drug Forms
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The powdered form of a drug can be administered in several different ways.Which of the following is NOT one of the routes of administration used for a powdered drug form?
A) inhaled into the lungs
B) inserted into a body cavity
C) sprayed on skin
D) sprinkled topically
Answer: B
Q2) An ________ is a solution that contains the drug in a water and alcohol base with added sugar and flavoring.It is commonly used for pediatric and elderly patients who cannot swallow tablets or capsules.
Answer: elixir
Q3) Patients often take a drug out of its original packaging and then have to ask the pharmacist to identify the tablets or capsules for them.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) A ________ is a coated tablet in the form of an elongated capsule.
Answer: capsule
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Chapter 4: Routes of Administration and the Drug Cycle
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The intravenous route is used to administer drugs,fluids,or blood and maintain venous access between drug doses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Only drugs given by ________ administration entirely bypass the step of absorption.
A) endotracheal
B) subcutaneous
C) oral
D) intravenous
Q3) Drugs that are not absorbed after oral administration ________.
A) are metabolized in the stomach
B) can be used to treat diseases of the stomach or intestine
C) are not therapeutically effective
D) are excreted in the urine
Q4) The names Broviac,Hickman,and Groshong are all associated with types of endotracheal tubes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The intra-articular route is used to administer a drug into a ________.
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Chapter 5: Using Drugs Therapeutically
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The doses for chemotherapy drugs ________.
A) are based on the patient's total body surface area
B) are customized to maximize effectiveness while minimizing side effects
C) are expressed as mg/m²
D) all of the above
Q2) Housewife Shannon McGee is taking an MAO inhibitor drug for depression.She knows she should not eat any foods that are high in tyramine to avoid getting hypertension and a headache.She should avoid all of these foods,EXCEPT ________.
A) chocolate and bananas
B) aged cheeses
C) meat
D) alcohol
Q3) Discuss what can happen and why when a patient drinks grapefruit juice when taking a "statin" drug.
Q4) ________ is the study of how the genetic makeup of different people affects their response to certain drugs.
Q5) All drugs have a target organ where they exert their effect.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: The Prescription
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The abbreviation Sig.in a prescription refers to the signature line where the physician signs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When a physician writes a medication order on the physician's order sheet in the hospital,he/she signs his/her name directly below the last order,not at the bottom of the page.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Define these abbreviations.
CPOE ________
DAW ________
DEA ________
Disp. ________
________ MAR ________ MTM ________ NR ________
V.O. ________
Q4) A hospital pharmacy is also known as a/an ________ pharmacy.
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Chapter 7: Urinary Drugs
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Potassium-sparing diuretic drugs act to "spare" potassium by keeping it in the blood and not letting it enter the tubules.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Urinary tract analgesic drugs exert a local pain-relieving effect on the mucous membranes of the urinary tract,even though these drugs are given orally.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Potassium chloride drugs doses are measured in mEq.The abbreviation mEq stands for ________.
Q4) The generic drug furosemide is related to the well-known trade name drug
A) Viagra
B) Lasix
C) HCTZ
D) Pyridium
Q5) The trade name drugs Urispas,Anaspaz,and Cystospaz are all used to treat ________ of the urinary tract.
Q6) The abbreviation HCTZ stands for the generic diuretic drug name ________.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Gastrointestinal Drugs
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are H blocker drugs,EXCEPT ________.
A) Zantac
B) Pepcid
C) Transderm-Sc p
D) Axid
Q2) Diarrhea can be caused by a bacterial infection due to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The antidiarrheal drug attapulgite is an absorbent drug that contains an aluminum-magnesium compound taken from clay soil.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Besides being used to treat H.pylori infections in gastric ulcers,what other disease is the generic drug metronidazole used to treat?
A) acne rosacea of the facial skin
B) vaginal bacteriosis
C) pelvic inflammatory disease
D) all of the above
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Chapter 9: Musculoskeletal Drugs
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The category of salicylate drugs used to treat osteoarthritis includes aspirin,one of the oldest drugs known to man.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The topical drug capsaicin is a natural substance derived from chili pepper plants; it makes the skin and joint less sensitive to pain by decreasing nerve signals from sensory nerves.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ drugs come in a special arrangement of oral tablets whose number continually decreases each day until the treatment is finished after one week.
A) Bone resorption inhibitor
B) Hyaluronic acid
C) Calcium supplement
D) corticosteroid
Q4) The only COX-2 inhibitor drug that is currently on the market is celecoxib,and its trade name is ________.
Q5) The ending -mab is common to generic ________ drugs.
Q6) The abbreviation NSAID stands for ________.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Respiratory Drugs
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The corticosteroid drug prednisolone (Oraped,Pediapred)is given ________.
A) orally
B) by inhaler
C) subcutaneously
D) all of the above
Q2) Which of the following is a combination drug used to treat asthma?
A) Advair
B) Breo Ellipta
C) IsonaRif
D) A and B
Q3) Corticosteroid drugs dilate the bronchioles,and so they can be used to treat an acute attack of asthma.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Corticosteroid drugs mimic the action of the hormone cortisol,which is produced in the lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A Twisthaler device is held in a ________ position and the powdered drug is inhaled into the lungs.
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Chapter 11: Cardiovascular Drugs
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the effect of cardioselective beta-blocker drugs differs from that of regular beta-blocker drugs.What type of patient are cardioselective beta-blocker drugs specifically used to treat?
Q2) Digoxin immune Fab,which is used to treat digitalis toxicity,is an antigen-binding fragment drug obtained from ________ that have been treated to produce antibodies against the molecular structure of the drug digoxin.
Q3) Over-the-counter,low-dose,81-mg tablets of this anticoagulant drug are taken daily by patients with heart disease who have had a heart attack or stroke.
A) red yeast
B) aspirin
C) sheep antibodies
D) all of the above
Q4) Symptoms of digitalis toxicity include all of the following,EXCEPT ________.
A) pulse rate below 60 beats per minute
B) a myocardial infarction
C) nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
D) yellow-green halos around lights
Q5) The abbreviation HTN stands for ________.
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Chapter 12: Hematologic Drugs
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67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anticoagulant drugs are given during hemodialysis for patients with chronic kidney failure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A platelet aggregation inhibitor drug would be given in all of the following situations,EXCEPT ________.
A) to prevent hemorrhagic disease after a newborn's birth
B) to prevent a blood clot after a myocardial infarction or stroke
C) to prevent a blood clot during angioplasty or cardiac valve surgery
D) to treat patients with acute coronary syndrome
Q3) All of the following statements about protamine sulfate are TRUE?
A) Protamine sulfate is a low molecular weight heparin drug.
B) Protamine sulfate is used to treat a heparin overdose.
C) Protamine sulfate is used to treat anemia.
D) Protamine sulfate is an anticoagulant drug.
Q4) Anticoagulant drugs are used to ________ a blood clot.
A) dissolve
B) enhance
C) prevent
D) treat
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Gynecologic and Obstetric Drugs
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following trade name prostaglandin drugs,which one is NOT used to help the cervix dilate and efface during labor?
A) Cervidil
B) Cyclessa
C) Cytotec
D) Prepidil
Q2) The ending -azole is common to drugs used to treat the ________ infection of candidiasis.
Q3) Amenorrhea and abnormally heavy menstruation are both treated with ________ drugs that act directly on the endometrium to restore a normal menstrual cycle.
A) analgesic
B) antibiotic
C) hormone replacement therapy
D) progestins
Q4) Why do some women prefer using a 28-day pill pack OCP?
Q5) The symptoms of menopause can be treated by HRT.The abbreviation HRT stands for ________.
Q6) Infertility drugs are often used as part of an ART program.The abbreviation ART stands for ________.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Endocrine Drugs
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An insulin syringe's calibration is unique,because it is calibrated in ________,a standardized measurement for insulin doses.
Q2) To make NPH intermediate-acting insulin,protamine and zinc are added.Protamine was originally taken from the semen of a river trout.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A syringe calibrated in units can be used to administer ________.
A) any antidiabetic drug if it is in a liquid form
B) any type of drug in a liquid form.
C) only insulin
D) only rapid-acting insulin drugs
Q4) Anabolic steroid drugs can be used legally in all of the following ways,EXCEPT ________.
A) to promote weight gain after surgery or trauma
B) to increase the red blood cell (RBC) count to treat anemia
C) to increase the muscle mass in professional athletes
D) to treat loss of muscle mass in patients with AIDS
Q5) In diabetes insipidus,there are insufficient levels of ADH.The abbreviation ADH stands for ________.
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Chapter 15: Neurologic Drugs
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drug therapy for Parkinson's disease corrects an imbalance in what two neurotransmitters in the brain?
A) acetylcholine and cholinesterase
B) acetylcholine and dopamine
C) dopamine and epinephrine
D) epinephrine and acetylcholine
Q2) ________ is the only drug for Alzheimer's disease that comes in the form of a transdermal patch.
A) Memantine (Namenda)
B) Galantamine (Razadyne)
C) Rivastigmine (Exelon)
D) Donepezil (Aricept)
Q3) Tonic-clonic seizures are also known as grand mal seizures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Melatonin,a hormone secreted by the ________ gland,regulates the 24-hour wake-sleep cycle.
Q5) One drug advertisement for the trade name drug ________ shows a patient's resting on a prickly cactus,and another ad shows ants crawling on the feet to show the sensations of neuralgia
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Psychiatric Drugs
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The well-known generic drug diazepam is related to the trade name drug
Q2) What mental illness is the drug haloperidol (Haldol)used to treat?
A) anxiety
B) psychosis
C) neurosis
D) ADHD
Q3) The treatment of neurosis involves the use of antianxiety drugs,which are also known as ________ drugs or minor tranquilizer drugs.
Q4) Which of the following statements about obsessive-compulsive disorder is FALSE?
A) It involves repetitive actions to relieve anxiety.
B) The patient cleans, checks, hoards, or labels things for hours.
C) The patient knows the behavior is excessive but cannot stop doing it.
D) It is treated with antianxiety drugs to relive the anxiety.
Q5) Describe what is unique about the drug form of Zyprexa Zydis and why it is helpful in treating psychotic patients.
Q6) The well-known antidepressant drug duloxetine is related to the trade name drug
Q7) The abbreviation 5-HT is another name for the neurotransmitter ________.
Q8) Describe what methadone is and how it must be given to addicts.
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Chapter 17: Dermatologic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The drugs capasaicin (Capsin,Zostrix)and lidocaine (Lidoderm Patch)are used to treat the skin infection caused by herpes varicella-zoster virus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Some topical drugs for inflammation and itching contain oatmeal to soothe the skin and decrease itching.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following drugs is used topically to treat cold sores from a herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on the mouth??
A) erythromycin (Eryderm, Emgel)
B) desoximethasone (Topicort)
C) docosanol (Abreva)
D) EMLA
Q4) Describe how the topical antibiotic drug bacitracin was discovered and how it was named.
Q5) The AF in some trade name drugs,such as Lotrimin AF,stands for ________.
Q6) Describe how Botox is used to treat wrinkles and the origin of its name.
Q7) The ending -conazole is common to generic ________ drugs.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Ophthalmic Drugs
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the difference between age-related (dry)macular degeneration and wet macular degeneration.
Q2) Most states either recommend or require a topical anti-infective drug be applied to the eyes of newborn infants to prevent the possibility of infection and possible blindness from the sexually transmitted disease of ________.
Q3) Some drugs for glaucoma stimulate ________ F receptors,which increases the outflow of aqueous humor and decreases the intraocular pressure.
Q4) Alpha receptor stimulator drugs for glaucoma constrict the pupil and decrease the outflow of aqueous humor.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The well-known generic antihistamine drug olopatadine for the eyes is related to the trade name drugs of Pataday and ________.
Q6) All carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs used to treat glaucoma must be given orally in order to be effective.
A)True
B)False
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Ears, Nose, and Throat Entdrugs
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these sound-alike trade name drugs is a mast cell stabilizer drug?
A) Nasacort
B) Nasonex
C) Nasalcrom
D) All of these are mast cell stabilizer drugs.
Q2) All of the following are trade name antihistamine drugs,EXCEPT ________.
A) Clarinex
B) Allegra
C) Mycostatin
D) Tavist
Q3) The well-known generic antihistamine drug loratadine is related to the trade name drug ________.
A) Claritin
B) Floxin
C) Hycodan
D) These are all trade names of the antihistamine drug loratadine.
Q4) The abbreviation DM stands for ________.
Q5) Decongestant drugs are available over-the-counter and by prescription.
A)True
B)False
21
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Chapter 20: Analgesic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Narcotic drugs produce a sense of well-being or ________,which is what causes some narcotic drugs to be more psychologically addicting than others.
Q2) The ending ________ is common to generic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Q3) What is the reason that a person with the aches and pains of a viral illness should not be given aspirin?
Q4) Some of the similarities between aspirin and acetaminophen are that they both relieve pain,but they both can cause upset stomach and stomach irritation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Beta-blocker drugs keep the blood vessels constricted and this prevents the vasodilation that begins a migraine headache.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Diclofenac is the only nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can be given orally,topically as a gel,or as a transdermal patch.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Anti-Infective Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Fungi and yeast are related and are treated with many of the same antifungal or antiyeast drugs.
B) The AIDS virus belongs to a category of viruses known as retroviruses.
C) AIDS is not fatal if treatment is begun early in the disease.
D) Pentamidine (NebuPent, Pentam 300) is used to treat Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.
Q2) When a fungal infection involves the nail bed and the nail becomes misshapen,thickened,and discolored,then it must be treated with topical antifungal drugs that act systemically.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The presence of what two things causes a diagnosis of HIV to change to be a diagnosis of AIDS?
Q4) Some resistant bacteria produce the enzyme beta lactamase,which is also known as ________.
Q5) Penicillin antibiotic drugs all share the common molecular structure of a ________ ring.
Q6) The abbreviation VRSA stands for ________-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Q7) The abbreviation AIDS stands for ________.
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Chapter 22: Chemotherapy Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) To kill cancer cells,alkylating chemotherapy drugs cause alkylation,a chemical reaction in which an alkyl group ________.
A) allows microtubules to form but not function properly
B) binds to antigens on the surface of cancer cells
C) is substituted for a hydrogen molecule in the DNA of a cancer cell
D) inhibits the release of hormones to create an environment where cancer cells cannot grow
Q2) Corticosteroid drugs are given to decrease the tissue inflammation caused by chemotherapy drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A neoplasm is a new growth of cells that may be ________ or malignant.
Q4) Chemotherapy enzyme drugs are used to treat ________.
A) breast cancer in females
B) all types of cancer
C) leukemia
D) testicular cancer in men
Q5) Corticosteroid drugs are used to treat anemia caused by chemotherapy drugs.
A)True
B)False
Page 24
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Chapter 23: Vaccines
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Sample Questions
Q1) A vaccine for HIV is difficult to develop because ________.
A) there are not enough people to test the vaccine on.
B) the virus mutates frequently
C) there is not enough funding for this research
D) all of the above
Q2) Gardasil is a quadrivalent vaccine that is recommended for girls and boys,ages 9 to 26,to prevent human papillomavirus infection.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine is an example of a vaccine form that contains one part of the virus,and that part is known as a ________.
Q4) Describe why maternal antibodies in breast milk move into the baby's body.
Q5) Because viruses only contain ________,they must enter body cells in order to reproduce themselves.
Q6) The advantage of a combined vaccine is that several vaccines can be given as a single dose to avoid multiple injections of childhood immunizations.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: Anesthetic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drugs used for the induction of anesthesia are generally given by inhalation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe why some anesthetic drugs contain MPF but some do not.
Q3) The abbreviation MPF stands for methylparabens ________.
Q4) Antihistamine drugs are given preoperatively to decrease anxiety,provide sedation,as well as to dry up oral secretions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Ether is no longer used for all of the following reasons,EXCEPT which one?
A) It caused severe postoperative vomiting.
B) It had an unpleasant odor.
C) It was an inhaled gas.
D) It was highly explosive
Q6) Regional anesthesia is used during surgery on an extremity to provide anesthesia for that region.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The trade name of the well-known anesthetic generic name drug lidocaine is ________.
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Chapter 25: Emergency Drugs, Intravenous Fluids, and Blood Products
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which I.V.fluid contains the same two electrolytes in the same physiologic proportion as those in tissue fluid?
A) D5W
B) crystalloid
C) 0.9% NaCl
D) whole blood
Q2) PRBCs are a concentrated preparation of RBCs in a small amount of plasma.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If the heart has completely stopped beating (asystole),epinephrine can actually stimulate contractions of the heart.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Of the following drugs,which can be administered by intracardiac injection?
A) atropine and lidocaine
B) epinephrine and calcium chloride
C) lidocaine and whole blood
D) sodium bicarbonate and intravenous fluids
Page 27
Q5) Briefly explain when type and cross-match are done and why they are done.
Q6) Whole blood and red blood cells have a refrigerated shelf life of ________ days.
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