Health Sciences: Human Development Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
This course explores the biological, psychological, and social aspects of human development from conception through aging. Students will examine key developmental milestones and processes, understanding how genetics, environment, and lifestyle factors contribute to health and wellness throughout life stages. Topics include physical growth, cognitive and emotional development, the impact of family and culture, and health challenges specific to each stage. The course provides foundational knowledge for students interested in health sciences, offering insights into the lifelong processes that shape human health and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
HDEV 5th Edition by Spencer A. Rathus
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19 Chapters
2228 Verified Questions
2228 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theories, and Methods
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of operant conditioning?
A) It occurs as a result of innate processes.
B) It occurs as a result of the effects a behavior causes.
C) It occurs because of the mental evaluation of a situation.
D) It occurs because of the pairing of two stimuli to produce a response.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following perspectives of child development is Arnold Gesell credited with?
A) Biological maturation of children
B) The inherent goodness of children
C) The inherently flawed nature of children
D) Environment influences of children
Answer: A
Q3) Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development places greater emphasis on
A) the ego
B) the id
C) the superego
D) the latency
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Heredity and Prenatal Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following happens in the critical period that occurs in the fourth through eighth weeks of a pregnancy?
A) The development of the lungs
B) The development of the heart
C) The development of arms and legs
D) The development of the stomach
Answer: C
Q2) A low sperm count, or lack of sperm, is the most common infertility problem in men.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The _____ is the central layer of the embryo from which the bones and muscles develop.
A) neural tube
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm
D) umbilical cord
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________is best described as the method that provides the woman in labor with continuous information as to what is happening with various bodily functions.
A) Hypnosis
B) Prepared childbirth
C) Natural childbirth
D) Biofeedback
Answer: D
Q2) According to research by Out et al. in 2010, which of the following statements is true of infants' cries?
A) Crying among babies is not universal.
B) Adults perceive low-pitched crying to be more urgent, distressing, and sick sounding than high-pitched crying.
C) Their pitch and duration are uniform across babies.
D) They are mainly related to the experience of pain.
Answer: D
Q3) The third stage of childbirth ends with the birth of a baby.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Infancy: Physical Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of the diet for infants?
A) Infants usually have a preference for those foods they need the most.
B) Infants do not require fiber in their diet after the introduction of solid foods.
C) In an infant's diet, high-iron foods should be restricted.
D) In an infant's diet, fat and cholesterol should not be restricted too much.
Q2) A child's growth can be slowed from its genetically predetermined course by many organic factors. This phenomenon is referred to as canalization.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Infants can hold objects in each hand and inspect them in turn by the age of _____.
A) two months
B) eleven months
C) four days
D) three weeks
Q4) Define perceptual constancy. Briefly explain size constancy and shape constancy in infants.
Q5) Briefly explain cephalocaudal development in neonates.
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Chapter 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose Feriha, an infant, is familiar with a ball but not with a bat. When she is given a bat for the first time, she is able to distinguish between the two objects. This ability to discriminate between the two objects is referred to as _________.
A) visual recognition memory
B) canalization
C) cognitive assimilation
D) deferred imitation
Q2) Jay is a 12-month-old infant. He often starts making sounds like "ha-ba-ba-ba-ba-ha." This is an example of _____.
A) intonation
B) echolalia
C) deferred imitation
D) cooing
Q3) According to Piaget, the _________stage is the first stage of cognitive development.
A) sensorimotor
B) formal operational
C) preoperational
D) concrete operational
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Babies displaying disorganized-disoriented attachment:
A) play without fuss when alone and ignore their mothers upon reunion.
B) are happier and more sociable than babies who show other attachment styles. C) seem dazed, confused, or disoriented.
D) mildly protest their mother's departure, seek interaction upon reunion, and are readily comforted by her.
Q2) Discuss the treatments for autism.
Q3) Aiden, a 3-year-old, is severely malnourished and constantly falls ill. His mother does not take care of his personal hygiene and makes him wear unwashed clothes for weeks. In this scenario, Aiden is a victim of _____.
A) physical abuse
B) childhood molestation
C) physical neglect
D) sexual abuse
Q4) Contact comfort is the pleasure derived from physical contact with another.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the different causes of autism?
Q6) Discuss the causes of child abuse.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parental responsiveness is a key ingredient in children's cognitive development.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain how language and cognitive development are interwoven.
Q3) Which of the following activities involves gross motor skills?
A) Painting a picture using a paintbrush
B) Stringing four beads using a large needle
C) Riding a bicycle with training wheels
D) Building a tower with six cubes
Q4) In right-handed individuals, the right hemisphere of the brain is usually superior in _____.
A) logical analysis
B) visual-spatial functions
C) computation
D) problem-solving functions
Q5) Sleepwalking is related to:
A) immaturity of the nervous system.
B) not being able to control impulses.
C) general misbehavior.
D) developmental and learning disorders.
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Chapter 8: Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rejecting-neglecting parents are:
A) high in their attempts to control their children.
B) low in support and responsiveness.
C) high in their demands for mature behavior.
D) communicative and warm.
Q2) Stephanie sees her six-year-old boy, Max, misbehaving with a guest. Stephanie warns Max that if he continues misbehaving with guests, she will stop talking to him. In this scenario, Stephanie uses the method of _____ to enforce the restriction on Max.
A) deduction
B) induction
C) power assertion
D) withdrawal of love
Q3) According to the cognitive-developmental view of gender typing proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, children:
A) use gender as one way of organizing their perceptions of the world.
B) form concepts about gender and then fit their behavior to the concepts.
C) can distinguish whether they are boys or girls at the age of one year.
D) can discriminate anatomic gender differences at the age of 18 months.
Q4) Describe prosocial behavior.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________requires the performance of fine motor skills.
A) Balancing on a bicycle
B) Hitting a tennis ball
C) Coordinating a knife and fork
D) Pedaling a bicycle
Q2) Briefly explain grammar and vocabulary development in children.
Q3) Which of the following is a crucial determinant of a person's intellectual development?
A) Giftedness
B) Creativity
C) Heredity
D) Plasticity
Q4) Divergent thinking is the:
A) free and fluent association to the elements of a problem.
B) view that retribution for wrongdoing is a direct consequence of the wrongdoing.
C) judgment of acts as moral when they conform to authority or to the rules of the game.
D) thought process that attempts to focus on the single best solution to a problem.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________is best described as the way in which one is disposed toward interpreting outcomes (successes or failures), as in tending to place blame or responsibility on oneself or on external factors.
A) A self-fulfilling prophecy
B) An attributional style
C) Social cognition
D) Selective perception
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of peer relationships?
A) Acceptance or rejection by peers is unlikely to be important in childhood.
B) As children move into middle childhood, peers become less influential.
C) Peers afford practice in cooperating, relating to leaders, and coping with aggressive impulses.
D) Peers exert the most powerful influence on a child during his or her first few years.
Q3) According to research by Greene et al. in 2013, daughters of employed women:
A) exhibit strong delinquent behavior.
B) have more rigid views of gender role stereotypes.
C) have higher goals for themselves.
D) tend to be less prosocial and more anxious.
Q4) Discuss parent-child relationships during middle childhood.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of high school dropouts?
A) Adolescents who adopt adult roles early, such as becoming a parent at a young age, are not likely to drop out of high school.
B) Dropouts are more likely to be employed and have high-income, stable jobs in future.
C) Dropouts are more likely to develop delinquency, criminal behavior, and substance abuse.
D) Adolescents from high-income households are at high risk of becoming high school dropouts.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of menarche among adolescent girls?
A) Girls usually begin to ovulate five to six months after menarche.
B) Body height of adolescent girls plays a crucial role in the onset of menarche.
C) The onset of menarche can be determined by average height.
D) Menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat.
Q3) Legs reach their peak growth before the shoulders and chest.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the use of depressant drugs among adolescents.
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Chapter 12: Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Is masturbation harmful?
Q2) In the context of the identity statuses theorized by James Marcia, the moratorium status is associated with:
A) active exploration of alternatives.
B) submission to imposed duties.
C) commitment to identified priorities.
D) conformation to standards set by peers.
Q3) Erik Erikson used the term _________to refer to the aspect of psychological development that involves experimentation with different roles, values, beliefs, and relationships.
A) psychological moratorium
B) psychological transcendence
C) role diffusion
D) identity achievement
Q4) Teenagers who _____ are less likely to initiate sexual activity at an early age.
A) have close relationships with their parents
B) face trouble communicating with their parents
C) have sexually active peers
D) experience precocious puberty and have older friends
Q5) In the context of adolescence, discuss sexual orientation and sexual identity.
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Chapter 13: Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of sensory abilities during early adulthood?
A) Hearing tends to decline in the late 20s and early 30s, particularly for tones that are high in pitch.
B) Visual acuity declines sharply in the early 20s.
C) Most people in early adulthood are nearsighted and need reading glasses.
D) Sensory sharpness begins to decline in the early 20s.
Q2) As people mature, Labouvie-Vief found that they tend to develop a cognitive-affective complexity that enables them to harbor both positive and negative feelings about their career choices.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the context of rapes, identify a true statement.
A) Penile-vaginal penetration is always necessary to fit the definition of rape.
B) Most states in the United States do not permit the prosecution of husbands who rape their wives.
C) Only about 10 percent of rape victims are women, and their assailants are generally women.
D) Acquaintance rapes are less likely than stranger rapes to be reported to the police.
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Chapter 14: Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today, single people:
A) are happy as they receive more benefits from the government.
B) have the same sexual interests and lifestyles as those who are not single.
C) encounter more social stigma as compared to the past.
D) are less likely to be perceived as socially inadequate.
Q2) Which of the following is true of companionate love?
A) It typically occurs in whirlwind relationships that begin passionately but eventually burn out quickly.
B) It is low in commitment but high in passion.
C) It is high in commitment and passion but low in intimacy.
D) It occurs in long-term relationships in which passion has ebbed but a strong friendship is evident.
Q3) Which of the following options involves passionate, obsessive love at first sight without intimacy or commitment?
A) Friendship
B) Empty love
C) Infatuation
D) Consummate love
Q4) Explain the attraction-similarity hypothesis.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Homicide and suicide are the leading causes of death in middle adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jackie, an architect, recalls most of her architectural training and has even improved upon it over the years. However, she cannot remember the Mandarin that she learnt as a sophomore. In the context of cognitive development, the differences in Jackie's abilities illustrate the principle of:
A) interindividual variability.
B) plasticity.
C) multidirectionality.
D) transitivity.
Q3) K. Warner Schaie's longitudinal research, conducted in 2013, found that _____ is one of the intellectual factors that showed improvement through most of the years of middle adulthood and stability from 53 to 60.
A) memory
B) emotion
C) numeric ability
D) sensitivity
Q4) Discuss the rate of cancer in middle adulthood.
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Chapter 16: Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________is a factor in the "big five" model of personality that contrasts talkativeness, assertiveness, and activity with silence, passivity, and reserve.
A) Conscientiousness
B) Agreeableness
C) Neuroticism
D) Extraversion
Q2) Discuss grandparenting challenges faced by middle-aged adults.
Q3) Which of the following is true of the midlife crisis according to Levinson and his colleagues?
A) It is a period when the personality variable of neuroticism is at its highest in adults.
B) It is a period when stagnation is at its prime.
C) It is a period when people view the future years as a second adulthood.
D) It is a period when generativity is at its prime.
Q4) The life-events approach to middle adulthood focuses on:
A) various stages of life.
B) challenges and changes that people face in this time.
C) the mental changes that occur due to the midlife crisis defined by Levinson.
D) the outcome of the glass ceiling effect on middle-aged women.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older male may enjoy orgasm as thoroughly as he did at a younger age.
A)True
B)False
Q2) People whose diets are rich in antioxidants may be less likely to develop heart disease.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the context of programmed theories of aging, which of the following is likely to determine the number of times a cell can divide and survive?
A) The free radical content in the body
B) The length of telomeres for a species
C) The extent of cross-linking
D) The extent of wear-and-tear of the body through use
Q4) How does psychologist Lynn Hasher associate the distractibility of older adults with their wisdom?
Q5) Discuss the perception of wisdom in older adults.
Q6) Discuss changes in sensory functioning in the late adulthood phase of life.
Q7) In the context of late adulthood, discuss life expectancy in the United States.
Q8) Discuss changes in language development in the late adulthood phase of life. Page 19
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Page 20
Chapter 18: Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The optimistic attitude of successful agers may be derived from transcendence of the ego.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss retirement planning as explained by psychologists Gary Adams and Barbara Rau, and Daniel Feldman and Terry Beehr.
Q3) When older adults with anxiety disorders are subjected to stress, their levels of _____ rise, and it takes a good deal of time for them to subside.
A) progesterone
B) cortisol
C) estrogen
D) testosterone
Q4) Research on the life-span development of self-esteem suggests that:
A) older men are less accepting of the shortcomings of their bodies than young men are.
B) older women express less body esteem than older men do.
C) the self-esteem of males tends to be higher than that of females.
D) an inflated self-esteem is most often seen in adolescents.
Q5) Discuss life reviews and their significance among the elderly.
Page 21
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Chapter 19: Lifes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A doctor who fails to resuscitate a terminally ill patient who stops breathing, thereby following the wishes expressed in the patient's living will is initiating _____.
A) passive euthanasia
B) terminal sedation
C) involuntary active euthanasia
D) voluntary active euthanasia
Q2) Which of the following is an alternative term that is used to refer to euthanasia?
A) Palliative care
B) Sedation
C) Suicide
D) Mercy killing
Q3) The term _________refers to the stage of life in which bodily processes decline, leading to death.
A) paralysis
B) brain death
C) euthanasia
D) dying
Q4) Describe the first steps to be taken after a person's death.
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Page 22