Health Sciences Fundamentals
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Health Sciences Fundamentals introduces students to the foundational principles underlying the field of health sciences. This course explores core topics such as human anatomy and physiology, the determinants of health, basic medical terminology, and the structure of healthcare systems. Students will gain an understanding of disease prevention, health promotion, and the interdisciplinary approaches that drive health care delivery. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, ethical considerations, and the development of communication skills essential for future studies and careers within the health sciences.
Recommended Textbook
The Human Body in Health and Disease 6th Edition by Patton
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25 Chapters
3620 Verified Questions
3620 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body
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121 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) nearest to the trunk or point of origin
A)superior
B)anterior
C)medial
D)proximal
E)superficial
F)inferior
G)posterior
H)lateral
I)distal
J)deep
Answer: D
Q2) Cells
A) are more complex than tissues
B) are the first level of organization in the body
C) are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body
D) both B and C
Answer: C
Q3) Describe the anatomical position.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) nucleic acid that contains the nitrogen base uracil
A)carbohydrates
B)triglycerides
C)phospholipids
D)cholesterol
E)proteins
F)RNA
G)DNA
Answer: F
Q2) The number of electrons in the outer energy level of an atom determines how it behaves chemically.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which subatomic particle has no charge?
A) proton
B) neutron
C) electron
D) nucleus
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Cells
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which organelles can be called the "digestive bags" of the cell?
A) ribosomes
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
Answer: D
Q2) The "protein factory" is another name for the ribosomes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following is not part of the cell?
A) plasma membrane
B) interstitial fluid
C) nucleus
D) All of the above are part of the cell.
Answer: B
Q4) During anaphase,the chromosomes align in the center of the cell.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) specialized to store lipids
A)areolar connective tissue
B)adipose
C)fibrous connective tissue
D)bone
E)cartilage
F)blood
Q2) Briefly describe the connective tissue types and give their location in the body.
Q3) How does cartilage differ from other connective tissues?
A) its matrix is the consistency of a firm plastic
B) its matrix is fluid
C) cartilage has more cells
D) cartilage consists of hematopoietic cells
Q4) function is rapid communication
A)epithelial tissue
B)connective tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)nervous tissue
Q5) Describe the different types of matrix found within connective tissue cells.
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Chapter 5: Organ Systems of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name and explain the function of the three types of muscles in the muscular system.
Q2) Give a brief description of the integumentary system and explain its functions.
Q3) The thymus gland is part of the _____ system.
A) digestive
B) lymphatic
C) endocrine
D) nervous
Q4) In a kidney transplant,the diseased kidney is removed and the transplanted kidney is put in its place.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The lymphatic system eventually returns lymph back to the bloodstream.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The thymus gland and thyroid gland are located in the neck.
A)True
B)False
Q7) List the structures and explain the functions of the urinary system.
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Q8) List the structures and explain the functioning of the male reproductive system.
Chapter 6: Mechanisms of Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increasing age is a risk factor in all diseases.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An example of a benign tumor that arises from epithelial tissue is
A) osteoma
B) melanoma
C) adenoma
D) lymphoma
Q3) subjective conditions of a disease that are felt only by the patient
A)sign
B)symptoms
C)syndrome
D)etiology
E)idiopathic
F)pathogenesis
G)latent stage
H)endemic
I)epidemic
J)pandemic
Q4) Explain the means of cancer detection discussed in the chapter.
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Chapter 7: The Integumentary System and Body
Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The part of the hair that we see is called the hair shaft.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A separation of the dermis from the subcutaneous tissue results in a blister.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Both vitamin A acid and Accutane are used to treat acne.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Mucocutaneous junctions are the meeting place of two epithelial membranes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The contraction of the arrector pili muscle causes the skin to recoil back if it is pulled away from the underlying tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the causes of acne and give some possible treatments for the condition.
Page 9
Q7) The loss of melanocytes leads to a condition called vitiligo.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 8: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which bone of the skull does not contain sinuses?
A) zygomatic
B) frontal
C) sphenoid
D) ethmoid
Q2) Which structures allow nutrients to reach the osteocytes through the haversian system?
A) lamellae
B) canaliculi
C) osteons
D) trabeculae
Q3) There are 28 phalanges in the human skeleton.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not one of the bones that makes up the hip bone?
A) ilium
B) acetabulum
C) ischium
D) pubis
Q5) Name and explain the types of metabolic bone diseases discussed in the chapter.
Page 11
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Chapter 9: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the progression of myasthenia gravis.
Q2) muscle on the front of the upper arm responsible for flexion of the elbow
A)triceps brachii
B)pectoralis major
C)masseter
D)sternocleidomastoid
E)zygomaticus
F)deltoid
G)biceps brachii
H)latissimus dorsi
Q3) the movement that makes the angle between two bones at their joint smaller
A)flexion
B)extension
C)abduction
D)adduction
E)supination
F)pronation
G)rotation
H)plantar flexion
I)dorsiflexion
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) neurons that can also be called "connecting" neurons
A)microglia
B)axon
C)dendrites
D)oligodendrocyte
E)afferent neuron
F)astrocytes
G)efferent neuron
H)interneurons
I)nodes of Ranvier
J)Schwann cells
Q2) Describe and give the function of the brainstem.
Q3) Explain the symptoms and causes of trigeminal neuralgia and Bell palsy.
Q4) Describe the structure,location,and functions of the hypothalamus.
Q5) Axons carry nerve impulses away from the cell body.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Why is it necessary for both the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system to function properly to maintain normal body function?
Q7) Explain the role of oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis.
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Chapter 11: The Senses
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153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are more rods in the eye than cones.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which disorder of the eye is caused by an abnormal accumulation of aqueous humor in the eye?
A) macular degeneration
B) glaucoma
C) cataracts
D) nyctalopia
Q3) The lacrimal gland produces the aqueous fluid for the eye.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is a progressive hearing loss usually associated with aging?
A) tinnitus
B) presbycusis
C) otitis
D) otosclerosis
Q5) Explain how sound is transmitted through the middle ear.Why is the ear called a mechanoreceptor?
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System
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144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the function of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.Explain what happens if there is a hypersecretion or a hyposecretion of these hormones.
Q2) Explain how calcitonin and parathyroid hormone work together to regulate blood calcium levels.What effect would each hormone have on bone density? Explain your answer.
Q3) The hyposecretion of melatonin is linked to depression.
A)True
B)False
Q4) can be called a "tissue hormone"
A)endocrine gland
B)negative feedback
C)target organ cell
D)steroid hormone
E)prostaglandin
F)exocrine gland
G)nonsteroid hormone
H)cyclic AMP
I)positive feedback
Q5) Explain the functions of glucocorticoids.
Q6) What is a prostaglandin? How are prostaglandins different from hormones?
15
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Chapter 13: Blood
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145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe thalassemia.
Q2) There are two types of lymphocytes: B and T.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following nutrients is not needed for the manufacture of hemoglobin?
A) iron
B) calcium
C) folate
D) All of the above nutrients are needed for hemoglobin formation.
Q4) Neutrophils are phagocytic granulocytes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A white blood cell count of 5000 to 7000/mm³ of blood usually indicates an infection.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Iron,vitamin B??,and folate are all needed for the manufacture of hemoglobin.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: The Heart
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135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The heart is doing the most work during systole.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is congestive heart failure and what is pulmonary edema?
Q3) What is atherosclerosis and what are some risk factors for this condition?
Q4) The QRS complex in an electrocardiogram results from
A) depolarization of the ventricles
B) depolarization of the atria
C) repolarization of the ventricles
D) repolarization of the atria
Q5) Which of the following is not true of ventricles?
A) They are the lower chambers of the heart.
B) They are called the discharging chambers of the heart.
C) They have thicker walls than the atria.
D) All of the above are true of ventricles.
Q6) There is always a small amount of fluid between the visceral and parietal pericardium,but if too much fluid accumulates,the accumulation can lead to a serious condition called cardiac tamponade.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 15: The Circulation of the Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which structure in the fetus connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery?
A) umbilical vein
B) umbilical artery
C) ductus arteriosus
D) ductus venosus
Q2) The ductus venosus shunts blood around the immature inferior vena cava to the heart.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus remain functioning after birth,the blood may bypass the lungs and the baby won't receive the proper amount of oxygen.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ductus arteriosus acts as a shunt for blood around the immature fetal liver.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the five mechanisms that the body uses to assist blood in the veins to return to the heart.
Q6) What are varicose veins and what is their cause?
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Chapter 16: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thymus gland is the largest of the lymphatic organs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Both natural and artificial active immunity require a functioning immune system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) an excessive reaction of the immune system to antigens from a different individual of the same species
A)autoimmunity
B)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
C)lymphedema
D)isoimmunity
E)anaphylactic shock
F)elephantiasis
G)systemic lupus erythematosus
H)urticaria
I)contact dermatitis
J)lymphangitis
Q4) Explain how lymph is formed and how it returns to the blood.
Q5) What is isoimmunity?
19
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Chapter 17: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The amount of air moved into and out of the lungs during normal,quiet breathing is called tidal volume.
A)True
B)False
Q2) External nares is another name for nostrils.
A)True
B)False
Q3) For normal,quiet breathing,only the abdominal muscles are needed for respiration.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the role of the medulla oblongata and the pons in regulating respiration.
Q5) For gas exchange to occur in the lung,the alveoli must have a higher oxygen content than the blood and a lower carbon dioxide content than the blood.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the process of normal inspiration.
Q7) Describe rhinitis.What are some of its causes?
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Chapter 18: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which substance is the outer covering of the shell of the tooth in the neck and root?
A) cementum
B) enamel
C) dentin
D) pulp
Q2) Both diarrhea and constipation are peristalsis problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which duct drains bile from the gallbladder?
A) hepatic duct
B) common bile duct
C) cystic duct
D) papillary duct
Q4) The lower esophageal sphincter separates the stomach and the esophagus.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Taste buds are located on the side of papillae.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Nutrition and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adipose tissue results from the anabolism of fat.
A)True
B)False
Q2) the food the cell would prefer to use for energy
A)glycolysis
B)glycogenesis
C)catabolism
D)mineral
E)ATP
F)assimilation
G)TMR
H)citric acid cycle
I)anabolism
J)glucose
K)electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)vitamin
Q3) Explain the protein-calorie malnutrition conditions marasmus and kwashiorkor.
Q4) Name and give the function of four vitamins needed by the body.
Q5) Explain the process of glucose anabolism.Where does it occur?
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Chapter 20: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) actions of this hormone result in the production of a smaller volume of urine
A)secretion
B)polyuria
C)filtration
D)ADH
E)oliguria
F)uremia
G)ANH
H)resorption
I)micturition
Q2) another term for urination or voiding
A)secretion
B)polyuria
C)filtration
D)ADH
E)oliguria
F)uremia
G)ANH
H)resorption
I)micturition
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Page 23
Chapter 21: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) type of fluid that is the most variable of the body fluids
A)ion
B)dehydration
C)intracellular fluid
D)hypokalemia
E)ADH
F)decrease in capillary blood pressure
G)ANH
H)hypocalcemia
I)drop in blood protein levels
J)electrolyte
K)hyponatremia
L)overhydration
M)aldosterone
N)interstitial fluid
O)edema
Q2) When a person starts to become dehydrated,signals from the hypothalamus cause a reduction in the amount of saliva produced,which makes a person feel thirsty.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Acid-Base Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) If an acid were added to the buffer pair H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-NaHCO<sub>3</sub>,the concentration of NaHCO<sub>3</sub> would drop.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the functioning of the respiratory mechanism in the control of blood pH.What effect would a prolonged period of decreased respiration have on the pH of the blood?
Q3) Because the functioning of proteins such as enzymes and hemoglobin depends on a proper pH level,pH must be regulated closely.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is considered a physiological pH control mechanism?
A) the buffers in the blood
B) the kidneys
C) the lungs
D) both B and C above
Q5) Blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower pH than the blood in the aorta.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: The Reproductive Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lesser vestibular glands are also called the Bartholin glands.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the difference between infertility and sterility.
Q4) Which of the following is not a function of estrogen?
A) development and maturation of the female reproductive organs
B) initiation of the first menstrual cycle
C) appearance of pubic hair and breast development
D) All of the above are functions of estrogen.
Q5) The sperm precursor cell or stem cell is called the
A) spermatogonia
B) primary spermatocyte
C) spermatid
D) spermatozoa
Q6) What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding and how can it be treated?
Q7) Describe the structure of the uterus.
Q8) List the essential and accessory organs of the male reproductive system.
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Chapter 24: Growth and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) condition that occurs when old bones develop shaggy-appearing margins with spurs
A)glaucoma
B)osteoarthritis
C)menopause
D)atherosclerosis
E)lipping
F)cataract
G)presbyopia
Q2) One of the most important functions of the placenta is to act as a barrier to keep potentially harmful materials such as alcohol or viruses from hurting the baby.
A)True
B)False
Q3) After ovulation,the ovum immediately enters the fallopian tube.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti causes a decline in the hearing ability in older adults.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 25: Genetics and Genetic Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the difference between gene replacement therapy and gene augmentation therapy.
Q2) Which of the following conditions results from monosomy?
A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) both A and C above
Q3) The process of crossing-over helps prevent genetic variation in the offspring.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which genetic disease results from a recessive gene that fails to produce an enzyme needed to convert an amino acid into tyrosine?
A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) cystic fibrosis
C) phenylketonuria
D) Turner syndrome
Q5) If both parents have sickle cell trait,none of their offspring can have sickle cell anemia.
A)True
B)False
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