Health Sciences Fundamentals
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Health Sciences Fundamentals introduces students to the foundational concepts, principles, and disciplines within the field of health sciences. This course covers essential topics including human anatomy and physiology, disease prevention, public health, epidemiology, health care systems, and the roles of various health professionals. Emphasis is placed on understanding the social, ethical, and cultural factors that influence health, as well as developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills relevant to health science careers. Through lectures, discussions, and practical activities, students gain a comprehensive overview of the key issues and opportunities in promoting individual and community health.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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19 Chapters
2160 Verified Questions
2160 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transportation within the body is mainly part of
A)the nervous system.
B)the skin.
C)the skeleton.
D)the cardiovascular system.
Answer: D
Q2) Which refers to a membrane attached to the surface of a lung?
A)Visceral pleura
B)Parietal pleura
C)Visceral peritoneum
D)Parietal peritoneum
Answer: A
Q3) Which type of cut will give front and back portions?
A)Median
B)Transverse
C)Sagittal
D)Frontal or coronal
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An atom or group of atoms with a charge is called a(n)
A)molecule.
B)isotope.
C)compound.
D)ion.
Answer: D
Q2) Organic compounds always contain ___________ atoms.
A)water
B)carbon
C)nitrogen
D)oxygen
Answer: B
Q3) A monosaccharide of five carbons is a A)hexose sugar.
B)glycerol.
C)fatty acid.
D)pentose sugar.
Answer: D
Q4) List the four macromolecules found in cells.
Answer: Carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following functions in protein production?
A)Ribosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Rough ER
D)Ribosomes,Golgi apparatus,and rough ER
Answer: D
Q2) A disease involving a missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in nerve cells is called A)Golgi's disease.
B)multiple sclerosis.
C)neuritis.
D)Tay-Sachs disease.
Answer: D
Q3) Mitosis occurs during A)growth.
B)tissue repair.
C)production of egg and sperm.
D)growth and tissue repair.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are connective tissue membranes?
A)Meninges
B)Cutaneous membranes
C)Serous membranes
D)Mucous membranes
Q2) Neuroglia are associated with A)bone cells.
B)neurons.
C)muscle fibers.
D)blood cells.
Q3) Much of the fetal skeleton is made of fibrocartilage that is later replaced by bone. Much of the fetal skeleton is made of hyaline cartilage that is later replaced by bone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Simple epithelium has two or more layers. Simple epithelium has one layer of cells.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dermis is composed of
A)stratified squamous epithelium.
B)pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
C)loose connective tissue.
D)dense irregular connective tissue.
Q2) The epidermis and dermis make up the A)serous membrane.
B)subcutaneous membrane.
C)integument.
D)hypodermis.
Q3) The epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged from a A)first-degree burn.
B)second-degree burn.
C)third-degree burn.
D)fourth-degree burn.
Q4) Exposure to sunlight is the most common cause of skin cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the difference between first-degree and third-degree burns.Which one would possibly require skin grafting?
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compact bone is the main bone tissue found in the epiphyses of long bones. Cancellous (spongy)bone is the main bone tissue found in the epiphyses of long bones.Compact bone makes up the diaphysis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a bone of the cranium?
A)Ethmoid
B)Sphenoid
C)Maxilla
D)Parietal
Q3) Which lower leg bone is thicker and medial?
A)tibia
B)humerus
C)fibula
D)femur
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a body function that aids the skeletal system?
A)Endocrine system regulates calcium storage and bone growth
B)Cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients to bones
C)Integumentary system helps provide vitamin A for calcium absorption
D)Sex hormones affect bone density
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________ is used to flex the neck and turn the head laterally.
A)trapezius
B)temporalis
C)sternocleidomastoid
D)suprahyoid
Q2) Which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contain the cross bridges?
A)Myosin
B)Actin
C)Tropomyosin
D)Troponin
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true of smooth muscle?
A)Causes peristalsis in the digestive tract
B)Assists voiding of urine
C)Direct flow of blood
D)Assists in respiration
Q4) The __________ flexes your knee.
A)biceps brachii
B)quadriceps femoris
C)hamstring group
D)gluteus maximus
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the body's response to the ankle-jerk reflex?
A)Plantar flexion
B)Dorsiflexion
C)Extension of the knee
D)Extension of the toes
Q2) Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter used by the
A)parasympathetic nervous system.
B)sympathetic nervous system.
C)both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
Q3) The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals received by a neuron is called A)summation.
B)potentiation.
C)integration.
D)transmission.
Q4) Within the peripheral nervous system,the myelin sheath is formed by A)Schwann cells.
B)oligodendrocytes.
C)microglial cells.
D)astrocytes.
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following functions in rotational equilibrium?
A)Saccule
B)Utricle
C)Semicircular canals
D)Both saccule and utricle are correct.
Q2) Receptors all over the body are very specific in the type of stimulus they respond to. Receptors all over the body are somewhat,but not completely specialized.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The hair cells of the organ of Corti have stereocilia embedded in the A)basilar membrane.
B)tympanic membrane.
C)oval window.
D)tectorial membrane.
Q4) What is the function of the iris?
A)Changes the shape of the lens
B)Absorbs stray light rays
C)Regulates the size of the pupil
D)Refracts light rays
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are problems of the elderly.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of gland secretes directly into tissue fluids and the blood without ducts?
A)Endocrine
B)Exocrine
Q3) Exophthalmic goiter is a characteristic of
A)congenital hypothyroidism.
B)myxedema.
C)Graves' disease.
D)acromegaly.
Q4) What is the target organ of thyroxine?
A)Pancreas
B)Ovaries
C)Adrenal glands
D)No specific organs;most body cells
Q5) PTH acts to raise blood calcium levels.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ mechanism for activation of clotting comes from the blood.
A)intrinsic
B)extrinsic
Q2) When the oxygen content of the blood is low,_____ is released by the kidneys to increase red blood cell production in the red bone marrow.
A)erythropoietin
B)renin
C)aldosterone
D)prothrombin
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a difference between erythrocytes and leukocytes?
A)Leukocytes have a nucleus.
B)Leukocytes are smaller.
C)Leukocytes have no hemoglobin.
D)Leukocytes are translucent unless staineD.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a function of leukocytes?
A)They fight infection.
B)They destroy dead or dying body cells.
C)They take oxygen to cells.
D)They recognize and kill cancer cells.
Q5) Compare plasma,tissue fluid,and serum with regard to composition.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first heart sound "lub" is made by
A)closure of the AV valves.
B)closure of the semilunar valves.
C)contraction of the ventricles.
D)contraction of the atria.
Q2) What is the condition in which the heart impulses are too slow to maintain circulation?
A)heart block
B)arrhythmia
C)ectopic pacemaker
D)incompetent valve
Q3) The brachiocephalic artery goes to the A)head.
B)stomach.
C)leg.
D)head and arms.
Q4) All capillary beds in the body are open all the time. Capillary beds are open according to need.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) What specific process has been occurring if pus is present around an infected area?
A)swelling
B)bleeding
C)phagocytosis
D)coagulation
Q2) Lysozyme is found in A)tears.
B)saliva.
C)urine.
D)Both tears and saliva.
Q3) Acid secretion occurs in the A)respiratory tract.
B)intestine.
C)stomach.
D)arteries.
Q4) The immune system decreases in function as we age.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Differentiate between passive and active immunity.
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which serous membrane lines the thoracic cavity?
A)visceral pleura
B)visceral peritoneum
C)parietal pericardium
D)parietal pleura
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of acute bronchitis?
A)usually begins with a viral URI that leads to a bacterial infection
B)a deep productive cough is present
C)it produces thick fluid in the alveoli
D)involves the primary and secondary bronchi
Q3) External respiration is bringing outside air into the lungs.
External respiration is gas exchange between alveolar air and the blood in the lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Contraction of the respiratory muscles causes the thoracic cavity to ______ in volume.
A)increase
B)decrease
C)remain unchanged
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following foods is NOT a good dietary source of vitamins?
A)green,leafy vegetables
B)nuts
C)citrus fruits
D)red meat
Q2) The emulsifying ingredient(s)in bile is(are)
A)biliverdin.
B)bilirubin.
C)bile salts.
D)All apply.
Q3) The function of the uvula is to prevent food from entering the A)larynx.
B)pharynx.
C)nasal cavity.
D)mouth.
Q4) What chemical is needed for the hydrolysis of food?
A)hydrochloric acid
B)bicarbonate ion
C)water
D)carbon dioxide
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) What hormone causes the excretion of sodium and therefore water from the body?
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)atrial natriuretic hormone
D)None apply.
Q2) Another name for urination is
A)defecation.
B)mastication.
C)micturition.
D)peristalsis.
Q3) What muscle makes up the wall of the urinary bladder?
A)urinary muscle
B)pelvic muscle
C)detrusor muscle
D)peritoneal muscle
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a way that water enters the body?
A)in what we drink
B)in what we eat
C)from body metabolism
D)in the air we inhale
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Meiosis
A)occurs only in testes and ovaries.
B)reduces chromosome number to 23.
C)involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.
D)All apply.
Q2) A pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus is called
A)implantation.
B)ectopic.
C)gestation.
D)oogenesis.
Q3) What are the external genitals of the male?
A)penis and prostate
B)scrotum and testes
C)testes and penis
D)penis and scrotum
Q4) What is the diploid number of chromosomes in human body cells?
A)23
B)46
C)23 pair
D)both 46 and 23 pair
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) From which primary germ layer does the epithelial lining of the digestive system and the blood vessels develop?
A)ectoderm
B)endoderm
C)mesoderm
D)None of these choices are correct for both systems.
Q2) The heart begins as two tubes that fuse and begin to pump.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The yolk sac
A)is the first site of blood cell formation.
B)is the fetal half of the placenta.
C)becomes the umbilical cord vessels.
D)provides nutrition until the placenta is formeD.
Q4) Gestation
A)is the time from fertilization to embryo formation.
B)is the time from fertilization to birth.
C)lasts about 280 days from the last menstruation.
D)is the time from fertilization to birth and lasts about 280 days from the last menstruation are correct.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common vector that is used to transport DNA into a cell for gene therapy is a(an)
A)virus.
B)bacteria.
C)cancer cell.
D)allergen.
Q2) Down syndrome is due to an extra
A)X chromosome.
B)Y chromosome.
C)autosome.
D)X chromosome or an extra Y chromosome.
Q3) Poly-X females are
A)never fertile.
B)hermaphrodites.
C)normally fertile.
D)nonexistent.
Q4) Which sex chromosome(s)is(are)needed for life?
A)X
B)Y
C)X and Y
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