Health Sciences
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Health Sciences is an interdisciplinary field focused on the study of how human health and well-being are maintained, improved, and protected. The course explores a broad spectrum of topics including human biology, disease prevention, clinical practices, public health policy, and health promotion. Students gain a comprehensive understanding of the physical, social, and behavioral determinants of health, as well as foundational knowledge in health care systems and research methods. Emphasizing both theory and applied learning, this course prepares students for diverse careers in healthcare, public health, research, and health education, while fostering critical thinking skills necessary to address current and emerging health challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Fundamentals of Human Physiology 4th Edition by Lauralee Sherwood
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18 Chapters
4200 Verified Questions
4200 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7326
Sample Questions
Q1) The respiratory system
A) obtains oxygen from and eliminates carbon dioxide to the internal environment.
B) consists of the heart, blood vessels and lungs.
C) plays an important role in maintaining the proper pH of the internal environment by adjusting the rate of removal of acid-forming carbon dioxide.
D) both (a) and (c) above.
E) all of these answers.
Answer: C
Q2) The concentration of salt (NaCl) in the extracellular fluid is the same as the concentration of salt in the intracellular fluid.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Factors that are homeostatically regulated are maintained at a constant, fixed level unless disease is present.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Cell Physiology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7327
Sample Questions
Q1) Contents emptied to the exterior by exocytosis.
A)transport vesicles
B)coated vesicles
C)secretory vesicles
Answer: C
Q2) Contain newly-synthesized molecules
A)transport vesicles
B)coated vesicles
C)secretory vesicles
Answer: A
Q3) The plasma membrane:
A) is composed mostly of lipid molecules
B) is composed mostly of protein molecules
C) allows the ICF and ECF to easily exchange materials
D) is a barrier that prevents most molecules from passing through
E) is a very thick structure relative to the size of the cell
Answer: A
Q4) Lysosomes contain ____________________ enzymes that are capable of digesting and removing unwanted debris from the cell.
Answer: hydrolytic
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Plasma Membrane and Membrane
Potential
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ is a positive ion that tends to passively leak out of cells.
Answer: potassium
Q2) The large protein anion does not leave the cell because it cannot easily cross the membrane.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Equilibrium potential contributes the most to resting membrane potential.
A)potassium
B)sodium
C)chloride
D)intracellular proteins
Answer: D
Q4) Promotes cell adhesion.
A)collagen
B)elastin
C)fibronectin
D)fibroblast
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication
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230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7329
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the class(es) of hormones interacts with DNA?
A) proteins.
B) catecholamines.
C) steroids.
D) amines
E) both (a) and (b) above.
Q2) Has an influence on other major control system.
A)applies to the endocrine system
B)applies to the nervous system
C)applies to both the endocrine and nervous systems
Q3) A. permeability of a nerve cell membrane to Na<sup>+</sup> during the rising phase of an action potential
B. permeability of a nerve cell membrane to K<sup>+</sup> during the rising phase of an action potential
A)A is greater than B.
B)B is greater than A.
C)A and B are equal.
Q4) The portion of DNA where steroid hormones interact is known as ___________.
Page 6
Q5) Neurotransmitters are small, ____________________-acting molecules.
Q6) A given synapse is always excitatory or ____________________.
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Page 7
Chapter 5: The Central Nervous System
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250 Verified Questions
250 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The outer most meninge is the
A) arachnoid mater
B) dura mater
C) dural sinus
D) pia mater
E) venous sinus
Q2) Dreaming
A)Slow-wave
B)Paradoxical
Q3) Chemical messengers released only in response to an action potential.
A)applies to the nervous system
B)applies to the endocrine system
C)applies to both the nervous system and the endocrine system
Q4) Spinal cord integrates information
A)Step 1
B)Step 2
C)Step 3
D)Step 4
E)Step 5
F)Step 6
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Chapter 6: The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses
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244 Verified Questions
244 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) high acuity
A)rods
B)cones
C)both rods and cones
Q2) Sour taste is caused by the hydrogen ions from acids.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The frequency of sound waves.
A)timbre (quality)
B)pitch (tone)
C)intensity of a sound wave (loudness)
Q4) Provides information about changes in the energy form being monitored.
A)tonic receptor
B)phasic receptor
C)specialized receptor ending of afferent neuron
D)separate cell serving as a receptor
Q5) lens
Q6) vibration of basilar membrane
Q8) The _________ system causes pupillary constriction. Page 9
Q7) Describe how receptive field size influences receptor acuity.
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Page 10
Chapter 7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sympathetic nervous system
A) is part of the somatic nervous system.
B) has cholinergic preganglionic and adrenergic postganglionic fibers.
C) originates in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
D) both (b) and (c) above.
E) all of these answers.
Q2) causes contraction of digestive sphincters
A)the parasympathetic division
B)the sympathetic division
C)both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
Q3) Has a long preganglionic fiber and a short postganglionic fiber.
A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
D)somatic system
Q4) The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the ____________________ nervous system, which dominates in fight-or-flight situations, and the ____________________ nervous system, which dominates in quiet, relaxed situations.
Q5) Sympathetic activity inhibits the secretion of ____________________ from the pancreas.
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Chapter 8: Muscle Physiology
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333 Verified Questions
333 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For every muscle there is an optimal length at which maximum ____________________ is achieved.
Q2) Requires a constant supply of oxygen.
A)slow-oxidative fiber
B)fast-oxidative fiber
C)fast-glycolytic fiber
Q3) Found in the A band.
A)actin only
B)myosin only
C)actin and myosin
D)troponin-tropomyosin complex
E)actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
F)actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin
Q4) Single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are both self-excitable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Cross bridges have actin binding sites that are normally covered by troponin and tropomyosin except during excitation-contraction coupling.
A)True
B)False
12
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Chapter 9: Cardiac Physiology
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284 Verified Questions
284 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) right atrium
Q2) The systemic circulation
A) receives more blood than the pulmonary circulation does.
B) receives blood from the left ventricle.
C) is a high pressure system compared to the pulmonary circulation.
D) receives blood from the left ventricle and is a high pressure system compared to the pulmonary circulation.
E) all of these answers.
Q3) Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic controls of cardiac activity.
Q4) The membrane potential of cardiac muscle cells at rest is about ____ mV.
A) -110
B) -90
C) -70
D) -50
E) -30
Q5) The function of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles is to hold the AV valves wide open during diastole to ensure complete ventricular filling.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure
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204 Verified Questions
204 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A decrease in blood-colloid osmotic pressure will decrease ultrafiltration and increase reabsorption at the capillary level.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The microcirculation is composed of:
A) arteries, arterioles, and capillaries.
B) arterioles, capillaries, and venules.
C) arteries, capillaries, and venules.
D) arteries, arterioles, and venules.
E) none of these answers.
Q3) The capillaries have an overall, tremendous cross-sectional area with a relatively fast flow rate.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide
Q5) The sounds heard when determining blood pressure are the same as the heart sounds associated with valve closure.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: The Blood and Body Defenses
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247 Verified Questions
247 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The adaptive, or acquired, immune system
A) are non-specific
B) include functions of skin and saliva
C) rely on specific immune responses selectively targeted against specific antigens
D) is very quick in its response
E) is effective against generalized threats
Q2) The amount of blood in the human body is about ____ liters.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 12
E) 15
Q3) The hormone erythropoietin is produced by the ____________________.
Q4) Can induce host cells to produce substances toxic to the cell.
A)pertains to bacteria
B)pertains to viruses
Q5) ____________________ refers to the body's ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells.
Q6) Describe the function of class I and class II MHC proteins.
Page 15
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Chapter 12: The Respiratory System
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203 Verified Questions
203 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary regulator of the magnitude of ventilation in normal circumstances is the A) H<sup>+</sup> concentration of the brain extracellular fluid monitored by central chemoreceptors.
B) PO<sub>2</sub> of the arterial blood monitored by central chemoreceptors.
C) PO<sub>2</sub> of the arterial blood monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors.
D) PCO<sub>2</sub> of arterial blood monitored by central chemoreceptors.
E) PCO<sub>2</sub> of arterial blood monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors.
Q2) Select the factor in the arterial blood that has the largest effect on increasing the rate of respiration.
A) The hydrogen ion concentration in the kidney ECF increases.
B) The hydrogen ion concentration in the ECF generally increases.
C) The partial pressure of carbon increases.
D) The partial pressure of oxygen drops to 90.
E) The partial pressure of carbon decreases.
Q3) The volume occupied by the conducting airways is known as the ____________________.
Q4) The laryngeal opening is known as the glottis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: The Urinary System
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258 Verified Questions
258 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7338
Sample Questions
Q1) The peritubular capillaries.
A) supply nutrients and O<sub>2</sub> to the tubular cells.
B) take up the substances that are reabsorbed by the tubules.
C) supply substances that are secreted by the tubules.
D) all of these answers.
E) none of these answers.
Q2) reabsorbed actively and passively
A)urea
B)creatinine
C)uric acid
D)Na<sup>+</sup>
E)glucose
Q3) ____________________ are water channels in the tubular cells of the nephron.
Q4) The ___________carries blood into the kidney, while the ________ carries blood into the glomerulus.
Q5) Explain the significance of sodium reabsorption across the different portion of the nephron.
Q6) Describe the forces involved in glomerular filtration and explain how it is regulated by the sympathetic system.
Q7) Urine is carried to the bladder by the ____________________.
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Chapter 14: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Extracellular fluid is divided into two compartments, the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Solution A has a pH of 3, solution B has a pH of 6. Which statement is true?
A) Both solutions are considered acids
B) Solution A is an acid, solution B is a base
C) Solution A is half as strong an acid as solution B
D) Solution A is twice as strong an acid as solution B
E) none of the above
Q3) Describe how sodium and blood pressure balance are interconnected.
Q4) When there is excess Na<sup>+</sup> in the body,
A) the plasma volume is expanded, and arterial blood pressure is increased.
B) as a compensatory measure, the GFR is increased.
C) as a compensatory measure, urine output decreases
D) both (a) and (b) above.
E) all of these answers.
Q5) A(n) ____________________ is a substance that can combine with a free H<sup>+</sup>, thus removing it from solution.
Page 18
Q6) What are the causes of the four forms of acid-base imbalances?
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Chapter 15: The Digestive System
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304 Verified Questions
304 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enzymes which finish chemical digestion:
A) are found in the duodenum
B) are found in the brush border
C) are found in the stomach
D) include salivary amylase and pepsin
E) are located throughout the digestive tract from beginning to end
Q2) Haustral contractions occur here.
A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine lumen
D)intracellularly in the small intestine brush border
E)colon
Q3) Only enzyme for fat digestion.
A)amylase.
B)trypsin
C)chymotrypsin
D)lipase
Q4) The three gastrointestinal hormones that function as enterogastrones are ____________________,
Q5) Describe the defecation reflex.
Page 19
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and
Chapter 16: Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An endogenous pyrogen can be released by ____ in the body.
A) muscle cells.
B) pathogens.
C) platelets.
D) erythrocytes.
E) neutrophils.
Q2) The satiety center is located in the ____ of the brain.
A) cerebellum.
B) cerebrum.
C) hypothalamus.
D) medulla.
E) thalamus.
Q3) Profuse sweating occurs during heat stroke as body temperature climbs rapidly upward.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Shivering is the main voluntary means of increasing the production of heat in the body.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Endocrine System
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335 Verified Questions
335 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Epinephrine _____ blood amino acids.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has no effect on
Q2) Osteoblasts
A) secrete the organic matrix components of bone.
B) become osteocytes once they become entrapped in the bone that they form.
C) dissolve bone.
D) form cartilage.
E) both (a) and (b) above.
Q3) Stress _____ cortisol.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has little or no effect on
Q4) Increased blood glucose _____ glucagon.
A)increases
B)decreases
C)has little or no effect on
Q5) The outer portion of the adrenal gland is known as the ____________________, which secretes hormones belonging to the chemical class of
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive System
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302 Verified Questions
302 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spinal reflexes bring about sympathetically induced vasodilation of arterioles during sexual arousal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Induces endometrial secretory capacity.
A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)both estrogen and progesterone
Q3) The nucleus is located in the ____________________ of the sperm.
Q4) A(n) ____________________ is the cutting and tying off of the ductus deferens.
Q5) The presence of what hormone in the urine forms the basis of pregnancy diagnosis tests?
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) prolactin
D) human chorionic gonadotropin
E) LH
Q6) _________ divide mitotically to produce primary __________
Q7) The reproductive tract includes a system of ducts plus ____________________ that secrete into these passageways.
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