Health Science Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Health Science Anatomy and Physiology is a foundational course that explores the structure and function of the human body, emphasizing the interrelationships between anatomical systems and physiological processes. Students will examine the major organ systems including skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive systems gaining an understanding of how these systems work individually and together to maintain health and homeostasis. The course combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications to prepare students for advanced study and careers in health sciences and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professions An Interactive Journey 2nd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology:
Learning the Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the rules of medical terminology, hepatitis is defined as ________.
A)Liver failure
B)Inflammation of the liver
C)Cirrhosis
D)Blood clotting
Answer: B
Q2) A telescope views small objects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Syndrome X is essentially a syndrome that is created as a result of poor diet and lack of ________.
Answer: Exercise
Q4) All of the following are symptoms except ________.
A)Pain
B)Respiratory rate
C)Dizziness
D)Itchiness Short
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: The Human Body: Reading the Map
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Sample Questions
Q1) The prone position is best for the pelvic exam.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Peripheral refers to the torso and head.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The frontal or____________ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Answer: Coronal
Q4) Knowing the exact body region of a sign or symptom can help a health care worker determine the
A)Proper diagnosis
B)Patient's size
C)Extent of injury
D)Proper medication
Answer: A
Q5) Posterior or ____________ means towards the back of the body.
Answer: Dorsal; Posterior
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Chapter 3: Biochemistry: the Basic Ingredients of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A lack of the ability of the body to carry oxygen may be due to a deficiency in ________:
A)iron
B)copper
C)zinc
D)gold
Answer: A
Q2) The molecule paraffin has the formula C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>44</sub>.What does that tell you about the molecule?
A)It is a protein
B)It is hydrophobic
C)It is a nucleic acid
D)It is polar
Answer: B
Q3) A symptom of fluorine deficiency is ________:
A)acne
B)hair loss
C)dental cavities
D)low blood pressure
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Cells: the Raw Materials and Building Blocks
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Q1) This general process is utilized by the cells for the intake of liquid and food when the substance is too large to diffuse across the cell membrane ________.
A)Pinocytosis
B)Endocytosis
C)Exocytosis
D)Phagocytosis
Q2) A spherical body made up of dense fibers called the ________ is found within the cell nucleus.
Q3) The organelles that provide 95% of the body's energy are ________.
A)Ribosomes
B)Mitochondria
C)Adenosines
D)Cytoplasma
Q4) An organism that produces disease is known as a(n) ________.
A)Organelle
B)Pathogen
C)Magnetosome
D)Centriole
Q5) Discuss the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest.
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Chapter 5: Tissues and Systems: the Inside Story
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Sample Questions
Q1) The membranes associated with covering the brain and spinal cord are called
Q2) Nitrogen waste is usually eliminated through the integumentary system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ____________ system rids the body of carbon dioxide.
Q4) ________ are conscious (and unconscious) feelings or an awareness of conditions that occur inside and outside of the body.
Q5) A membrane associated with connective tissue is the ________ membrane.
Q6) The production of blood cells occurs within which body system?
A)Cardiovascular
B)Muscular
C)Endocrine
D)Skeletal
Q7) This connective tissue has cells in lacunae in a gel-like matrix ________.
A)Cartilage
B)Areolar
C)Regular
D)Reticular
7
Q8) A torn ligament involves damage to ________________ connective tissue.
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: the Framework
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Q1) Ossification or ____________ is the term used to describe the formation of bone in the body.
Q2) Arthritis is mainly caused by cracking your knuckles and slouching.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ is the result of the infective process of a pathogen that was introduced to a joint from a penetrating wound or a blood-borne pathogen.
A)Rheumatoid arthritis
B)Gout
C)Septic arthritis
D)Arthritis
Q4) Broken bones will not knit together unless they are touching or ___________.
Q5) Lordosis is a(n) ________ curvature of the lower back and is commonly called ________.
A)Left lateral, swayback
B)Posterior, swayback
C)Anterior, swayback
D)Anterior, hunchback
Q6) A hollow area is a(n) ____________.
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System: Movement for the Journey
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Q1) During an asthma attack, the smooth muscles in the airways of the lungs ________, causing the patient to have difficulty getting air in and out.
Q2) The symptom of shin splints is ________.
A)Patellar displacement
B)Swelling in the wrist
C)Pain in the tibia
D)Bruising of the shins
Q3) Vasoconstriction makes vessels smaller.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____________ attach bone to bone.
Q5) When the nervous system signals a muscle to contract, the ________ ion channels open.
A)Phosphorus
B)Sodium
C)Myosin
D)Actin
Q6) Muscles that cause movement in the opposite direction of the prime mover when they contract are called ____________.
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Chapter 8: The Integumentary System: the Protective
Covering
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Sample Questions
Q1) The part of the hair that you see outside the body is the follicle.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Alopecia is the term for any type of ________ loss.
Q3) ________ is the body's attempt to get as much "hot" blood exposed to a cooler surrounding environment so the heat radiates away from the body.
Q4) Excessive bruising could indicate skin, ________, or circulatory problems as well as physical abuse.
Q5) Folliculitis is inflammation of the hair follicles and is usually caused by what type of bacteria?
A)Streptococcus
B)Staphylococcus
C)Mycobacterium
D)E.Coli
Q6) Carotene gives a bluish hue to the skin.
A)True
B)False
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Q7) Severe burns require healing at an intensity the body ________ normally achieve on its own.
Chapter 9: The Nervous System Part I: the Information
Super Highway
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spinal root directional terms are ________:
A)anterior and posterior
B)superior and inferior
C)Dorsal and ventral
D)distal and proximal Short
Q2) There are eight cervical nerves.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Myelin is a lipid insulation produced by the ________.
A)Microglia
B)Oligodendrocytes
C)Astrocytes
D)Ependymal cells
Q4) The segments of the spinal cord are named for their function.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The period when a cell is unable to accept another stimulus is the ____________ period.
Q6) ________ is usually mechanical injury to spinal cord tissue.
Q7) ________ damage to peripheral nerves may be due to injury or illness. Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System Part Ii: the Traffic Control Center
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thirst is regulated in the thalamus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The grooves and ridges of the brain are known as ____________.
A)Hemispheres
B)Lobes
C)Convolutions
D)Meninges
Q3) An accumulation of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid space is called a(n)____________.
Q4) During surgery, general anesthesia inhibits the ____________, causing unconsciousness in the patient.
A)Reticular system
B)Basal nuclei
C)Limbic system
D)Hypothalamus
Q5) Brain damage similar to that caused by traumatic brain injury is caused by a lack of oxygen, strokes, or brain ________.
Q6) Explain why cerebral spinal fluid balance is important in the brain.
Q7) Dizziness is one symptom of damage to the _________________ cranial nerve. Page 13
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Chapter 11: The Senses: the Sights and Sounds
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Q1) The ________ or colored part of the eye helps regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
Q2) The eye receives most of its nourishment from the vessels within the ____________.
A)Retina
B)Sclera
C)Conjunctiva
D)Choroid
Q3) The lens is located behind the pupil.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List the five senses and their organs.
Q5) Nearsightedness is called ________.
Q6) Pain is felt for as long as the stimulus is there that is c.ausing it or unless a person is under ________.
Q7) The ____________ is the colored part of the eye.
Q8) The sclera contains a specialized portion called the ________, which is transparent to allow light rays to pass into the eye.
15
Q9) What you perceive as taste is mainly affected by the sense of
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System: the Bodys Other Control System
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Q1) Restlessness is a symptom of hyperthyroidism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ____________ gland is located in the upper thorax.
Q3) Norepinephrine is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chemical messengers released by endocrine glands are called ____________.
Q5) Glucagon puts glucose into the bloodstream mainly by directing the liver to release ?glucose stored in the form of ________.
Q6) Why is the use of injected steroids so dangerous?
Q7) ____________ feedback increases the magnitude of change.
Q8) A condition that is characterized by the production of large amounts of very dilute urine is called?
A)Diabetes insipidus
B)Diabetes mellitus
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Juvenile diabetes
17
Q9) If a diabetic checks her blood sugar and is ________ she should take some sugar.
Q10) Appropriate blood glucose levels are vital for cellular ________.
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Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System: Transport and Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and __________________.
Q2) A person with type A blood ________.
A)Has anti-A antibodies
B)Has A antigens
C)Has anti-B antibodies
D)Both b and c above
Q3) Blood is pumped to the body during this part of the cardiac cycle ________.
A)Atrial systole
B)Atrial diastole
C)Ventricular systole
D)Ventricular diastole
Q4) Jill is Rh negative.Her first baby was Rh negative.She is pregnant again, but the baby is Rh positive.Without medical treatment, will her antibodies attack the baby's blood?
A)yes
B)no
C)probably not since her first child is Rh negative
D)probably yes since her first child is Rh negative
Q5) Explain the factors that influence blood pressure.
Q6) ____________ or clotting is the prevention of bleeding.
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System: Its a Gas
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is distinguished by having reversible airway narrowing and airway hyperreactivity; and is most commonly characterized as an inflammatory process.
A)Asthma
B)Emphysema
C)Chronic bronchitis
D)Bronchiectasis
Q2) ________ is a condition in which there is an excessive build-up of fluid in the pleural space between the parietal and visceral pleura.
A)Pneumothorax
B)Pleural effusion
C)Pulmonary edema
D)Empyema
Q3) The trachea extends from the larynx to the ____________ vertebrae.
A)2nd cervical
B)1st thoracic
C)6th thoracic
D)4th lumbar
Q4) The bronchi branch into ____________.
Q5) As CO<sub>2</sub> levels rise, pH decreases and ____________ rate increases.
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Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Your Defense Systems
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Q1) Ultimately the cause of death in AIDS patients is ___________________.
Q2) ________ is caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes.
Q3) Which structure will sometimes disappear in adults?
A)Sinus
B)Spleen
C)Thymus
D)Pancreas
Q4) Complement ________ is a complex series of reactions that activate 20 proteins that are usually inactive in the blood unless activated by a pathogen invasion.
Q5) If the body is exposed to the same pathogen in the future, memory cells allow the body to mount a much faster response to the invasion known as the ________ response.
A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Quaternary
Q6) All lymphocytes are part of adaptive immunity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: The Gastrointestinal System: Fuel for the Trip
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Q1) This condition is the cracking and associated inflammation found on the lips and corners of the mouth are not caused by cancer, but rather can be traced to infections, allergies, or even to nutritional deficiency.
A)Periodontitis
B)Dental caries
C)Gingivitis
D)Cheilitis
Q2) During swallowing, the _______________ prevents food from entering the nasal cavity.
Q3) The action of chewing is known as ____________.
Q4) Which of the following is a function of the oral cavity?
A)Starch digestion
B)Protein digestion
C)Peristalsis
D)Nutrient absorption
Q5) The chief digestive enzyme in the stomach is ____________.
Q6) The stomach can increase its diameter because of rugae.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The gastrointestinal system takes in, or ____________, raw materials.
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Chapter 17: The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance
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Q1) There are no __________________ veins in the kidney.
Q2) Bowman's capsule, the renal membrane that surrounds the glomerulus, is also called the ________.
A)Renal corpuscle
B)Glomerular capsule
C)Renal tubule
D)Glomerular filtrate
Q3) ________ kidney disease is a genetic disorder that causes large cysts to form in the kidney.
Q4) Without functioning kidneys, fluid and ion ___________ would kill you in a matter of days.
A)Imbalance
B)Equilibrium
C)Reactions
D)Impurities
Q5) Acute renal failure is a rapid decrease in kidney function, as measured by blood urea and ________ levels, that develops over minutes or days.
Q6) ________ is the inability to control urination.
Q7) List and explain three hormones which can regulate kidney function.
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive System: Replacement and Repair
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Q1) ________ is the continued proliferation, decay and bleeding of endometrial tissue in the abdominal and pelvic cavities that can cause scarring and damage to the organs.
Q2) This syndrome is a genetic disorder that can result in a broad range of malfunctions of the male reproductive system, from complete lack of external or internal male genitalia to patients with ambiguous genitalia to patients who have typical male genitalia but are sterile.
A)Testosterone deficiency
B)Androgen insensitivity syndrome
C)BPH
D)ED Short
Q3) Prostate cancer is the most common cancer (of non-skin cancers) affecting ________ in this country.
Q4) Discuss endometriosis.
Q5) ________ pregnancy is also known as a tubal pregnancy.
Q6) The implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus is called
Q7) The possibility of having a baby with Down Syndrome increases dramatically in females over ________ years of age (Use the numeral).
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Chapter 19: The Journeys End: Now What
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Q1) Many types of cancer can be prevented or managed with a healthy diet and ________.
Q2) Cancer treatment often involves ________ as much of the cancer as possible, and then following up with radiation and/or chemotherapy to kill any cancer or cancer cells remaining in the body.
Q3) Discuss how vitamin deficiencies affect health.
Q4) Vitamin ____________ is needed for proper blood clotting.
Q5) Which of the following can be a trigger to make a cell cancerous?
A)Genes
B)Radiation
C)Sunlight exposure
D)All of the above
Q6) There is a(n) ____________% decrease in the function of most body systems each year, beginning around the age of thirty (Use the numeral).
Q7) Discuss how forensic scientists solve mysteries.
Q8) The ________ pelvis is more funnel shaped and is heavier and stronger, with a pubic angle of 90 degrees or less.
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Q9) Bone scouring is the destruction of the smooth bone surface as a result of colonization by the tuberculosis ________.