Health Psychology
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Health Psychology explores the psychological and behavioral processes related to health, illness, and healthcare. The course examines how psychological factors influence physical health and how individuals manage illness, cope with chronic conditions, and engage in health-promoting behaviors. Students will learn about the biopsychosocial model, the impact of stress on health, adherence to medical advice, patient-physician communication, and interventions aimed at preventing illness and promoting well-being. Emphasis is placed on research methods, theoretical frameworks, and the application of psychological principles to real-world health issues.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a pharmacologist working for a large pharmaceutical company.A team of researchers at the company reported that a new experimental drug's therapeutic index was 10.However,providing no other information about the index,you are left wondering about how to interpret this finding.Based on what you know about how therapeutic indexes are determined,provide a question to ask the research team and indicate the rationale for this question.
Answer: A comprehensive answer would note that TIs are derived from effective dose (ED)and toxic dose (TD)values.A safe TI would be calculated using an ED99 and a TD1,or something more extreme.A likely question to be asked would be "What ED and TD values were used?" Another might be "How many subjects experienced toxic effects at a high ED value (e.g.,ED99)?" Another might be,"Is this also a Certain Safety Index?"
Q2) During the stages of drug development,safety pharmacology experiments are conducted during phase 1 clinical trials.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) ________ drug use consists of using a drug to address a specific purpose.
Answer: Instrumental
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Chapter 2: The Nervous System
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114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A severe tremor in someone's hands could be caused by abnormal functioning in the:
A) corpus callosum.
B) medulla.
C) basal ganglia.
D) hippocampus.
Answer: C
Q2) Discovering that early life stress may cause polymorphisms that increase the risk of depression would be an example of:
A) epigenetics.
B) transcription factors.
C) a Mendelian disease.
D) ribosome transcription.
Answer: A
Q3) Compare and constrast the two types of microglial cells described in the textbook.
Answer: The two types of microglial cells are M1 and M2.While both remove normal cellular waste,M1 cells release chemicals that can promote inflammation and M2 cells release chemicals that can reduce inflammation.
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4
Chapter 3: Neurotransmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a neurological process depended on the activation of receptors found on neurons outside of a synapse,then we can infer that:
A) neurotransmitters must come from nearby synapses.
B) an axon terminal was previously located at that position on the neuron.
C) the receptor can no longer be activated by neurotransmitters.
D) neurotransmitters must reach the receptor by vesicular transport.
Answer: A
Q2) A compound that blocked vesicular transporters would likely:
A) increase the activity of postsynaptic receptors.
B) cause a decrease in calcium influx.
C) prevent reuptake.
D) prevent the storage of neurotransmitters in vesicles.
Answer: D
Q3) The types of acetylcholine receptors consist of:
A) cholinergic and adrenergic.
B) muscarinic and nicotinic.
C) nicotinic and cholinergic.
D) acetylcholinesterase and acetic acid.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a pharmacologist needed to develop a drug with a rapid absorption time,which if the following routes might she choose?
A) Intramuscular
B) Oral
C) Inhalation
D) Sublingual
Q2) List and describe the four primary phases in pharmacokinetics.
Q3) The functions of an antagonist imply that:
A) the drug has a poor binding affinity for the receptor.
B) the drug will prevent a neurotransmitter from activating a receptor.
C) the drug will produce greater neurotransmitter release.
D) the neurotransmitter has a poor binding affinity for the receptor.
Q4) A positive allosteric modulator:
A) prevents neurotransmission.
B) facilitates the effects of a neurotransmitter at receptors.
C) can activate receptors.
D) has a weak binding affinity for receptors.
Q5) List and describe four ways that a drug could alter neurotransmission.
Q6) A(n)__________________ inhibitor prevents the passage of a neurotransmitter through a membrane transporter.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Drugs of Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are likely associated with increased levels of dopamine except:
A) when going to a familiar place.
B) when presented with stimuli that predict positive outcomes.
C) while experiencing reinforcing effects.
D) when encountering something new.
Q2) A stimulus that,when present,signals the availability of reinforcement is referred to as a:
A) conditioned stimulus.
B) discriminative stimulus.
C) negative reinforcer.
D) positive reinforcer.
Q3) The amygdala's connections with the _________ may mediate physical withdrawal effects.
Q4) ________________ is a process aimed at ceasing drug intoxication and reducing withdrawal symptoms.
A) Behavioral therapy
B) Detoxification
C) Maintenance therapy
D) Reinstatement
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Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) A treatment for cocaine addiction that inhibits dopamine -hydroxylase is called
Q2) Smoking the "crystal" or "crack" form of a psychostimulant can be harmful because:
A) the drug's isomer changes making it far more addictive.
B) producing these forms leads to harmful byproducts.
C) smoke adheres to the skin, prolonging the effects of the drug.
D) biotransformation produces active metabolites that have toxic effects.
Q3) The term freebase means:
A) to separate a salt molecule from a compound.
B) administering a drug through a hypodermic needle.
C) to transport an illegal substance.
D) to harvest plants used to produce an illegal substance.
Q4) Psychostimulants reduce nasal congestion by:
A) impairing the autonomic nervous system.
B) causing dehydration, which reduces mucus production.
C) constricting swollen blood vessels in the sinuses and nasal passages.
D) preventing an allergic reaction from occurring.
Q5) The effects that psychostimulants have on autonomic nervous system activity suggests that they activate the ______________ nervous system.
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Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Direct administration of nicotine in the nucleus accumbens will produce an increase in dopamine concentrations in the __________.
Q2) Agitation,anxiousness,and insomnia caused by high doses of caffeine is called:
A) caffeine syndrome.
B) somnolence.
C) caffeinism.
D) synesthesia.
Q3) Third-hand smoke consists of remnants from tobacco smoking gathered on material in the smoker's local environment after smoking has finished.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is a common flavoring added to tobacco blends for cigarettes?
A) Tar
B) Sucrose
C) Cotinine
D) Menthol
Q5) Caffeine is an antagonist for __________ receptors.
Q6) Describe the process of nicotinic receptor activation and desensitization.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were told that full standard shot glass (1 ½ ounce)contained one standard drink,you would conclude:
A) there is not enough information to answer this question.
B) the drink has approximately 25% alcohol.
C) the drink has approximately 100% alcohol.
D) the drink has approximately 50% alcohol.
Q2) A grossly intoxicated individual texting something rude to his boss is an example of disinhibited behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Distillation provides a means of:
A) making alcohol up to a 15 percent concentration.
B) making alcohol without using yeast at any stage of the process.
C) bypassing a fermentation process completely.
D) going beyond the limits of alcohol production from fermenting.
Q4) Which calcium channel does alcohol act on?
A) L
B) N
C) P
D) R
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Chapter 9: GHP and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gamma-butyrolactone is a schedule I controlled substance because:
A) it is used for the synthesis of GHB and has no medical value.
B) it is the substance that people become high from when stiffing paint products.
C) it is highly flamable, creating a danger when attempting to synthesize GHB.
D) it binds to GABAA receptors, giving it alcohol-like pharmacological effects.
Q2) You are a pharmacologist who is using a drug discrimination study to examine the mechanisms important for the subjective effects of GHB.After training animals to discriminative GHB from saline,you decide to test two pharmacological mechanisms that you except will produce full substitution for GHB.What are they?
Q3) Why might someone trying to procure GHB seek out products with gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)?
A) GBL has the same pharmacological effects as GHB.
B) When taken with GHB, GBL increases the time of onset for GHB's effects.
C) Mixing GBL with GHB in a drink prevents GHB from being tasted.
D) GHB can be synthesized from GBL, which is a legal product.
Q4) GHB increases daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define the following opioids: naturally occurring,semisynthetic,and fully synthetic.
Q2) Opioid drugs promote dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by inhibiting GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Opioids produce ________ effects by inhibiting GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area.
Q4) The drug salvinorin A binds to the ________ opioid receptor.
Q5) The activation of opioid receptors on GABA neurons in the nucleus accumbens:
A) causes a disinhibition on endogenous opioid neurons.
B) inhibits GABA neurons that have excitatory effects on other GABA neurons.
C) inhibits GABA neurons that have inhibitory effects on dopamine neurons.
D) disinhibits GABA neurons that terminate in the nucleus accumbens.
Q6) Opioid found in the body are called naturally occurring opioids.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Aside from morphine and codeine,________ is another opioid found in opium.
Q8) How did the Harrison Narcotics act reduce the use of opioids?
Q9) Describe the ways that opioids act on reward circuitry.
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Chapter 11: Cannabinoids
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Sample Questions
Q1) CB1 receptors are found densely located in all of the following structures except A) periaqueductal gray.
B) basal ganglia.
C) cerebellum.
D) cerebral cortex.
Q2) The Anglican word for 'hashiinin' is
A) assassin.
B) cousin.
C) hyponotic.
D) sleep.
Q3) The presence of endogenous cannabinoid receptors indicates that humans have adapted to using cannabis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The cardiovascular effects of THC consist of A) hypertension.
B) increased heart rate.
C) elongated heart beats.
D) altered EKG patterns.
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Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Clinical studies have demonstrated an efficacy of MDMA for treating posttraumatic stress disorder,which is likely due to MDMA's _____________ effects.
A) stimulant
B) empathogenic
C) hallucinogenic
D) flashback
Q2) If a user co-administered the drug fenfluramine,a serotonin releaser,with MDMA,the user will likely experience
A) greater hallucinogenic effects.
B) greater stimulant effects.
C) weaker hallucinogenic effects.
D) weaker stimulant effects.
Q3) The primary pharmacological action of salvinorin A is
A) an agonist for 5-HT A receptors.
B) an agonist for kappa opioid receptors.
C) an antagonist for muscarinic receptors.
D) an antagonist for NMDA receptors.
Q4) How do hallucinogens affect sensory processing systems in the brain?
Q5) LSD causes ________,a state of easy influence from suggestions by others.
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Chapter 13: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the drug mechanisms would likely counteract the antidepressant effects of an MAO inhibitor?
A) A reuptake inhibitor of dopamine and serotonin.
B) An antagonist for serotonin receptors.
C) An antagonist for GABA receptors.
D) An inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase.
Q2) A normal mood state in bipolar disorder is referred to as A) euthymia.
B) type IV bipolar disorder.
C) residual bipolar disorder.
D) intermittant bipolar disorder.
Q3) Define and give examples of emotional blunting.Also,why is serotonin linked to emotional blunting?
Q4) The effects of mood stabilizers may be mediated by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A lower ability to feel joy is an example of emotional blunting. A)True B)False
15
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Chapter 14: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A quick decision on how to respond to a fear stimulus is made in the A) prefrontal cortex.
B) amygdala.
C) hippocampus.
D) thalamus.
Q2) Panic disorder is characterized by chronic,excessive worry about even individuals or activities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Respiratory depression occurs when barbiturates inhibit activity in the A) amygdala.
B) medulla.
C) thalamus.
D) prefrontal cortex.
Q4) Approximately how much buspirone is broken down by enzymes in the stomach?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 45%
D) 90%
Q5) The final stage of the general adaptation syndrome is called ____________.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Antipsychotic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first recognized atypical antipsychotic drug was
A) olanzapine.
B) risperidone.
C) thioridazine.
D) clozapine.
Q2) An inability to ignore unimportant stimuli from one's environment is referred to as a(n)
A) jump to conclusions.
B) inattention to detail.
C) sensory-gating deficit.
D) memory impairment.
Q3) For someone exhibiting prodromal features of schizophrenia,schizophrenia may develop from A) factors such as stress.
B) a genetic trigger at a certain stage of development.
C) a physical injury.
D) reading fantasy novels.
Q4) Aside for 5-HT2A receptors and D2 receptors,name two other receptors that antipsychotics act on,identify the receptor action,and describe the effects that acting on this receptor causes.
17
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