Course Introduction
Health Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Health Psychology explores the psychological factors that influence health, illness, and healthcare, examining how behaviors, emotions, and social contexts impact physical well-being. The course covers topics such as stress and coping mechanisms, the interplay between psychological and physiological processes, health behavior change theories, patient-provider communication, and the management of chronic illnesses. Students will gain an understanding of interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles, preventing disease, and improving overall quality of life, while also considering cultural and ethical dimensions in health psychology research and practice.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 3rd Canadian Edition by John Hunsley
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evidence-based practice refers to the practitioner only offering services that:
A)have been demonstrated in a series of RCTs to be efficacious.
B)are listed in clinical practice guidelines.
C)are in areas in which the clinician has received training and demonstrated competence.
D)are based on the synthesis of research evidence,client's history and treatment preferences,and the clinician's experience.
Answer: D
Q2) ________ was the primary developer of cognitive therapy for depression.
A)Carl Rogers
B)Alfred Adler
C)Aaron Beck
D)Cesare Lombroso
Answer: C
Q3) Carl Rogers' approach to psychotherapy differed from Freud's in that
A)it was more negative in its assumptions of human nature.
B)it was more positive in its assumptions of human nature.
C)it proposed that we could never really understand human nature.
D)it was the first to take a multi-disciplinary approach.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Contemporary Clinical Psychology
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Q1) One of the main challenges clinical psychologists face in learning from experience is
A)due to the wide variety of treatment philosophies.
B)related to the basic assumptions of any given theoretical framework.
C)the inaccuracy of the feedback received from clients about their decision.
D)the lack of feedback about the accuracy of their decisions.
Answer: D
Q2) The primary benefit of attending an accredited program as opposed to a unaccredited program)in clinical psychology is that:
A)students can choose between a Psy.D and a PhD.depending on their long-term career aspirations.
B)licensure is guaranteed after graduation.
C)the program has met the standards set out by the Canadian Psychological Association for training in professional psychology.
D)funding is guaranteed.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Classification and Diagnosis
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Q1) A DSM diagnosis with questionable validity is:
A)Schizophrenia.
B)Bipolar disorder.
C)Acute stress disorder.
D)Selective mutism.
Answer: C
Q2) A practicum student in clinical psychology is feeling sad over the break-up of a romantic relationship and wonders if this is the beginning of a depressive disorder.It is impossible to diagnose based on this information because:
A)most people get over break-ups after a few weeks.
B)the practicum student will know ways to prevent the sadness becoming more serious.
C)a diagnosis is based on a constellation of symptoms.
D)s/he will probably meet someone else soon.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When beginning research on a new topic the selection of an appropriate research design should follow:
A)formulation of the study procedures.
B)a thorough review of the published research on the topic of interest.
C)consideration of ethical issues in testing of the hypothesis.
D)operationalization of key concepts.
Q2) The association of a measure with other relevant data measured at some future point in time is known as
A)concurrent validity.
B)convergent validity.
C)discriminant validity.
D)predictive validity.
Q3) The loss of participants in a study over time is known as A)regression.
B)operationalization.
C)attrition.
D)maturation.
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6
Chapter 5: Assessment: Overview
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Q1) The extent to which a test provides a relatively pure measure of a psychological construct,and is not contaminated by other psychological constructs,is referred to as
A)discriminant validity.
B)concurrent validity.
C)predictive validity.
D)convergent validity.
Q2) Evidence-based assessment uses research and theory to guide the manner in which the A)assessment process unfolds.
B)treatment unfolds.
C)treatments are provided.
D)none of the above.
Q3) The minimum requirement for internal consistency reliability suggested by many psychologists is _____ in a clinical context.For research purposes,values greater than _____ are generally seen as sufficient.
A).90 ; .70
B).70 ; .90
C).30 ; .60
D).60 ; .30
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Assessment: Interviewing and Observation
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Q1) Closed questions often facilitate
A)long,tangential stories.
B)complex,ambiguous answers.
C)brief and rapid coverage of many topics.
D)elaborate and detailed responses.
Q2) A psychologist cannot maintain confidentiality when
A)s/he suspects a child is in need of protection.
B)s/he suspects an older adult living alone is being exploited financially.
C)a lawyer asks to see the psychologist's file.
D)all of the above.
Q3) Problem definition questions address
A)frequency of the problem.
B)duration of the problem.
C)intensity of the problem.
D)all of the above.
Q4) The vast majority of clinical assessment interviews are A)structured.
B)semi-structured.
C)unstructured.
D)multi-structured.
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Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
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Q1) Wechsler intelligence tests focus on the A)products of intelligence.
B)processes of intelligence.
C)cause of intelligence.
D)individual's approach in solving diverse problems.
Q2) Which methods)is/are used by psychologists to help estimate premorbid IQ?
A)Consulting a client's achievement records.
B)Testing with measures of ability that are less sensitive to decline.
C)Examining subtests that are least affected by neurological impairment.
D)All of the above.
Q3) _____________ models of intelligence focus on the identification of the processes and operations that reflect how information is handled by the brain.
A)Factor models
B)Correlational models
C)Hierarchical models
D)Information processing models
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Chapter 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
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Q1) Concerns about the need to use measures that are inexpensive,not too time-consuming,and with direct and immediate relevance to treatment planning and monitoring have led to the increased use of:
A)projective tests.
B)behaviour and symptom checklists.
C)objective personality tests.
D)structured clinical interviews.
Q2) Which approach to test construction involves retaining items that discriminate between two clearly defined groups?
A)Item approach
B)Content approach
C)Empirical criterion-keying approach
D)Construct approach
Q3) The Achenbach scales yield scores on which two broad types of problems?
A)Physical and mental health problems.
B)Cognitive and social problems.
C)Internalizing and externalizing problems.
D)Personality and Axis I problems.
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Chapter 9: Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making
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Q1) Computer-based interpretations are
A)minimally helpful as they are based on group data,and no part should be used in a report.
B)possibly helpful,but no part should ever be used in a report.
C)possibly helpful,but psychologists need to select narrative statements that accurately describe their client.
D)usually very helpful to aid psychologists' understanding of their clients,and can be appended to a psychological report.
Q2) To demonstrate the relationship between accurately detecting patterns within a client's data,O'Brien 1995)presented clinical psychology graduates with a limited but specific data.The results of this study indicated that the students were able to accurately detect related factors
A)none of the time.
B)about 25% of the time.
C)about half of the time.
D)all of the time.
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11
Chapter 10: Prevention
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Q1) The extent to which a prevention program achieves desired outcomes when used in an applied setting rather than in the original research conditions is known as
A)the number needed to treat.
B)effectiveness.
C)the reduction of risk.
D)efficacy.
Q2) Critical Incident Stress Debriefing has been found to
A)be very helpful to individuals experiencing or witnessing traumatic events.
B)reduce the incidence of subsequent PTSD.
C)be helpful for men but not for women
D)sometimes be harmful.
Q3) One reason why researchers rarely examine whether prevention programs reduce incidence rates is that
A)there are no tools for measuring outcome.
B)it is necessary to have a very large sample to detect a difference.
C)it is unnecessary to conduct this type of research as long as high-risk samples are targeted.
D)all of the above.
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12
Chapter 11: Intervention: Overview
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Q1) A person's sense of competence to learn and perform new tasks is referred to as A)self-discovery.
B)self-efficacy.
C)self-efficiency.
D)self-sufficiency.
Q2) Dr.Leslie Greenberg has proposed that Process Experiential treatment includes
A)enhancing clients' emotion-regulation abilities.
B)examining defense mechanisms.
C)helping clients to transform maladaptive emotion into adaptive emotion.
D)both A and C.
Q3) A study by Braaten,Otto,and Handelsman 1993)found that ______ potential clients ask about confidentiality issues,financial arrangements,or treatment alternatives.
A)almost all
B)a substantial number
C)about half of
D)relatively few
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Chapter 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples
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Q1) The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NICE)guides health care professionals and patients in making decisions about health care treatment options.The evidence for the NICE guidelines for treating depression are
A)all supported by strong empirical evidence.
B)each supported by variable qualities of empirical evidence.
C)not supported by empirical evidence,but are currently under investigation.
D)not supported by empirical evidence.
Q2) The cognitive-behavioural approach to treating posttraumatic stress disorder includes __________,which is not included in CBT treatment for depression.
A)behavioural activation
B)cognitive restructuring
C)prolonged exposure
D)activity scheduling
Q3) The huge growth in empirical attention toward the effects of psychotherapy has been attributed to:
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Carl Jung
C)Hans Eysenck
D)Albert Bandura
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents
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Q1) Evidence-based treatments for disorders in children and youth include treatments for
A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)phobic and anxiety disorders.
C)substance abuse.
D)all of the above.
Q2) Reviews have ______________ the efficacy of stimulant medication in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
A)consistently found evidence for B)rarely found evidence for C)yielded contradictory findings for D)underlined the need for more studies of
Q3) Weersing and Weisz 2002)found that the treatment effects for depressed youth who received care in community mental health centres were
A)better than treatment effects obtained in clinical trials.
B)better than the effects of the no-treatment control group.
C)similar to the treatment effects obtained in clinical trials.
D)similar to the effects of the no-treatment control group.
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15
Chapter 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change
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Q1) Tang and colleagues found that sudden gains in therapy are
A)evidence of a flight into health.
B)short-lived and dissipate quickly.
C)involve a significant reduction in symptoms.
D)only evident in CBT.
Q2) Focusing on enhancing patient self-awareness and understanding of their problems works best for patients who ________,whereas patients who ________ respond best to a focus on symptom alleviation.
A)are undercontrolled; are introspective
B)have an internalizing style; have an externalizing style
C)are extroverted; are introverted
D)have an externalizing style ; have an internalizing style
Q3) Weinberger's 1995)review of the literature on common factors found that
A)there was little agreement on what the common factors actually are.
B)all therapeutic success could be explained by these factors.
C)most proponents of the common factors theory had been misinformed.
D)there was very good agreement on particular common factors.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology
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Q1) Psychological approaches to treatment for chronic pain management involve A)problem-solving.
B)relaxation.
C)contingency management. D)all of the above.
Q2) The history of treatment for individuals with neurocognitive impairment is _________ the history of treatment for mental disorders.
A)comparable to B)much more extensive than C)relatively brief compared to D)controversial compared to
Q3) Participation and Activity Limitation Survey PALS)data from 2006 revealed an overall disability rate of approximately A)5%.
B)15%.
C)25%.
D)35%.
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Page 17