Course Introduction
Health Psychology
Chapter Exam Questions
Health Psychology explores the intricate relationship between psychological factors and physical health, examining how thoughts, emotions, and behaviors influence well-being, illness, and health-related behaviors. This course covers topics such as stress and coping mechanisms, the impact of personality and social support on health outcomes, adherence to medical regimens, and strategies for promoting healthy behaviors. Students will also analyze the role of psychological interventions in the prevention and management of chronic diseases, and investigate the interplay between psychological, biological, and social factors in health and illness within diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 12th Edition by James
W. Kalat
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called _____.
A)motor neurons
B)dendrites
C)sensory neurons
D)axons
Answer: B
Q2) Neurons receive information and transmit it to other cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What causes potassium ions to leave the axon just after the peak of the action potential?
A)a continuing concentration gradient and the opening of the potassium gates
B)an increase in the concentration gradient across the membrane
C)an increased tendency of the sodium-potassium pump to push potassium out
D)binding of potassium ions to proteins that leave at this time
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Synapses
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens to acetylcholine after it attaches to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell?
A)It is broken down into two components.
B)It is reabsorbed intact by the presynaptic cell.
C)It is metabolized by the postsynaptic cell as a source of energy.
D)It continues to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron until replaced by another neurotransmitter.
Answer: A
Q2) Autoreceptors monitor the ____.
A)number of action potentials
B)extracellular sodium concentration
C)amount of neurotransmitter released
D)amount of reuptake
Answer: C
Q3) A hormone is a chemical that is ____.
A)secreted by a gland to the outside world
B)conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences
C)capable of activating or inhibiting muscle fibers
D)a feedback message from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) The limbic system is important for motivation and emotional behaviors.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____.
A)the central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system
B)voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior
C)arousal; relaxation
D)neurotransmitters; hormones
Answer: C
Q3) The hindbrain consists of the ____.
A)tectum, tegmentum, and reticular formation
B)thalamus and hypothalamus
C)spinal cord and cranial nerves
D)medulla, pons, and cerebellum
Answer: D
Q4) The choroid plexus reabsorbs the cerebrospinal fluid.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity
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Q1) How is brain development related to adolescent impulsivity?
Q2) Evolution improves the fitness of the population,which is defined as ____.
A)the number of copies of one's genes that endure in later generations
B)survival of the individual
C)ability to adapt to a variety of environments
D)overall health and well-being
Q3) What modern day practice helps prevent an inadequate production of thyroid hormones?
A)fluoride in drinking water
B)processed sugar
C)iodized salt
D)artificial sweeteners
Q4) One way to relieve the pain associated with a phantom limb is to ____.
A)remove more of the amputated limb
B)have the amputee learn to use an artificial limb
C)stimulate the relevant part of the cortex
D)convince the patient that there is no neural basis for these sensations
Q5) Describe the relationship between heredity and environment.
Q6) Describe Lamarckian evolution and the evidence for or against it.
Q7) Define proliferation during neural development.
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Chapter 5: Vision
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Q1) Damage to the dorsal stream may interfere with ____.
A)describing what is seen
B)perceiving the movement of an object
C)remembering something seen at a previous time
D)reaching out to grasp an object
Q2) Damage to the ventral stream may interfere with ____.
A)the ability to describe the shape or size of an object
B)walking toward something seen
C)reaching to grasp an object
D)perceiving whether the lights are on or off
Q3) According to the retinex theory,we perceive color by ____.
A)the relative activity of three kinds of cones
B)contrasting the activity in one area of the visual field with that of the others
C)a red vs. green system and a yellow vs. blue system
D)detecting the velocity of action potentials from the eye
Q4) A complex cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the key functions of the major pathways in the visual cortex.
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Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
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Q1) According to the place theory,the basilar membrane resembles the strings of a piano in that each area along the membrane is tuned to a specific frequency.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The eighth cranial nerve contains both a(n)____ component and a ____ component.
A)vestibular; somatosensory
B)visual; vestibular
C)auditory; taste
D)auditory; vestibular
Q3) The vomeronasal organ (VNO)is a set of receptors located ____.
A)in the inner ear
B)near, but separate from, the olfactory receptors
C)in the throat
D)behind the cerebral ventricles
Q4) Taste perception in the brain depends on ____.
A)relative activity of different taste neurons
B)absolute frequency of action potentials
C)only taste receptors on the anterior part of the tongue
D)the angular gyrus
Q5) Describe how the auditory cortex parallels the visual cortex.
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Chapter 7: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you have trouble with rapid,ballistic movement sequences that require accurate timing,you probably have suffered damage to the ____.
A)reticular formation
B)cerebellum
C)hippocampus
D)hypothalamus
Q2) A muscle spindle responds to the ____.
A)oxygen level in the muscle
B)acetylcholine concentration at the nerve-muscle junction
C)fatigue of the muscle
D)stretch of the muscle
Q3) What is the relationship between the motor neuron axons and muscle fibers?
A)Each axon innervates only one muscle fiber.
B)The more muscle fibers a single axon innervates, the more precise the movements.
C)The more axons which innervate a single muscle fiber, the more precise the movements.
D)The fewer muscle fibers a single axon innervates, the more precise the movements.
Q4) Describe the significance of mirror neurons.
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Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) A small branch of the optic nerve,known as the ____ path extends directly from the retina to the SCN.
A)opticthalamic
B)retinohypothalamic
C)opticretinal
D)retinothalamic
Q2) Which condition has often been interpreted as an intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness?
A)narcolepsy
B)sleep apnea
C)REM behavior disorder
D)omnambulism
Q3) The pineal gland releases the ____ hormone,which influences both circadian and circannual rhythms.
A)androgen
B)melanopsin
C)melatonin
D)estrogen
Q4) Discuss the relationship between sleep and memory.
Q5) Describe brain function during REM sleep.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
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Q1) On average,people with bulimia show a variety of biochemical abnormalities,including increased production of ____.
A)insulin
B)ghrelin
C)dopamine
D)orlistat
Q2) Fructose,used in corn syrup as a sweetener,may lead to increased obesity by ____.
A)failing to trigger satiety
B)having more calories than other sugars
C)slowing fat digestion
D)enhancing PVN activity
Q3) What area of the brain is largely responsible for detecting osmotic pressure?
A)substantia nigra
B)red nucleus
C)ventromedial hypothalamus
D)OVLT and subfornical organ
Q4) The paraventricular nucleus normally inhibits meal size.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the menstrual cycle,estradiol and progesterone levels increase and decrease under the influence of hormones released by which gland?
A)pineal
B)adrenal
C)thyroid
D)pituitary
Q2) Which circumstance will be most likely to cause a genetic male to develop a mostly feminine anatomy?
A)exposure to more than the usual amount of estrogen during an early sensitive period
B)exposure to more than the usual amount of testosterone during an early sensitive period
C)a condition that prevents androgens from exerting their effects
D)excessive levels of alpha-fetoprotein in his blood
Q3) The sexually dimorphic nucleus is part of the ____.
A)thalamus
B)Wolffian ducts
C)anterior hypothalamus
D)male brain, only
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12
Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
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Q1) Output from the amygdala to the ____ modifies approach and avoidance responses.
A)brain stem
B)hypothalamus
C)prefrontal cortex
D)basolateral nuclei
Q2) In the revised James-Lange theory of emotion,what occurs first?
A)cognitive appraisal
B)actions
C)physiological changes
D)feeling
Q3) Many studies have found that violent criminals and arsonists released from prison had a greater probability of committing other violent crimes if they ____.
A)underwent surgical removal of the amygdala
B)ate diets low in corn
C)had lower than normal serotonin turnover
D)had higher than normal serotonin turnover
Q4) Low serotonin turnover is associated with reduced aggression.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
Q5) Briefly describe how benzodiazepines work in the brain.
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Chapter 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory
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Q1) Retrograde transmitters ____.
A)are produced in the axon terminals
B)inhibit the postsynaptic cell
C)are broken down before they are released
D)are released by the postsynaptic cell
Q2) Damage to the ____ produces symptoms similar to Korsakoff's syndrome.
A)prefrontal cortex
B)basal ganglia
C)occipital cortex
D)precentral gyrus
Q3) Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect activity of the cortex by enhancing the effects of acetylcholine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The inability to form memories for events that happened after brain damage is a characteristic of ____ amnesia.
A)retrograde
B)anterograde
C)proactive
D)procedural
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
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Q1) The left and right hemispheres exchange information through a set of axons called the corpus callosum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A person with spatial neglect is more likely to notice an object placed in the left hand if ____.
A)they cross their left hand over to the right side of their body
B)they cross their right hand over to the left side of their body
C)they look to the right
D)you touch their right hand
Q3) The view that only minds really exist and that the physical world could not exist unless some mind were aware of it is known as ____.
A)materialism
B)mentalism
C)the identity position
D)dualism
Q4) Most people use only one hemisphere for most tasks.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Phencyclidine (PCP),which can produce psychotic symptoms resembling schizophrenia,has which effect?
A)It inhibits the NMDA glutamate receptors.
B)It interferes with dopamine release.
C)It prolongs activity at serotonin synapses.
D)It directly stimulates acetylcholine receptors.
Q2) With respect to drug effects,"efficacy" means the tendency of a drug to ____.
A)have inhibitory effects
B)have excitatory effects
C)attach to a receptor
D)activate a receptor
Q3) Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs?
A)epinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)serotonin
D)dopamine
Q4) The ventricles are larger than normal in people with schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the differences between antagonists and agonists.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry
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Q1) A(n)_____ is most likely to be concerned with selective pressures.
A)neurosurgeon
B)clinical psychologist
C)clinical social worker
D)evolutionary psychologist
Q2) A psychiatrist is most likely to ____.
A)help people with emotional distress
B)perform brain surgery
C)treat people with brain damage
D)relate behaviors to the functions they have served in their evolutionary past
Q3) What discipline deals exclusively with nervous system disorders?
A)clinical psychology
B)neurology
C)psychiatry
D)occupational therapy
Q4) Evolutionary explanations call attention to ____.
A)behavioral differences among related species
B)behavioral similarities among related species
C)behavioral similarities among distantly-related species
D)behavioral similarities among unrelated species
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