Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention explores the theories, principles, and practices that guide efforts to improve public health and prevent illness across diverse populations. The course examines strategies for promoting healthy behaviors, creating supportive environments, and addressing social determinants of health. Students will learn to assess community health needs, design effective interventions, and evaluate outcomes, focusing on topics such as nutrition, physical activity, vaccination, screening programs, and policy development. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based approaches, ethics, and the role of interdisciplinary collaboration in fostering healthier communities and reducing the burden of disease.
Recommended Textbook
Health Psychology An Introduction to Behavior and Health 8th Edition by Linda Brannon
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16 Chapters
1556 Verified Questions
1556 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introducing Health Psychology
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61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 1900,most deaths in the United States were caused by ____,whereas today most are due to ____.
A) pneumonia. . . cancer
B) chronic diseases. . . cancer
C) infectious diseases. . . chronic diseases
D) cancer. . . alcohol-related causes
Answer: C
Q2) Most experts in health psychology recommend that
A) health psychologists should be physicians first.
B) health psychologists should receive at least two years of postdoctoral training.
C) health psychology should be a separate discipline from generic psychology.
D) the training of health psychologists should be shortened to meet the demands for workers in the field.
Answer: B
Q3) Most people in the United States die of chronic diseases.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Conducting Health Research
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98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prospective epidemiological studies are also
A) cross-sectional.
B) longitudinal.
C) experimental.
D) clinical trials.
Answer: B
Q2) Which type of epidemiological study is most similar to an experimental design in psychology?
A) case-control.
B) retrospective.
C) prospective.
D) randomized, controlled trial.
Answer: D
Q3) A statistical technique for combining the results of several studies is
A) meta-analysis.
B) transactional analysis.
C) hypothesis testing.
D) scientific myopia.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Seeking and Receiving Health Care
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Differentiate illness behavior from sick role behavior and give examples of each. Answer: A.Illness behavior
1.Consists of those activities undertaken by people who feel sick to determine if they are ill.2.Occurs before a diagnosis.3.Is influenced by personal reluctance to seek medical care.4.Is exhibited more often by women than men and more readily by the middle- and upper-class than the lower-class.5.Is prompted by diseases with visible and persistent symptoms and diseases that the person believes to be serious.6.Examples are making an appointment with a physician,taking one's temperature,scheduling diagnostic tests,etc.b.Sick role behavior
1.Is exhibited by people who are ill in order to get well.2.Occurs after a diagnosis and is oriented toward getting well.3.Mandates changes in normal activities and relief from normal responsibilities-staying home from work or school,not doing regular chores,resting,and also not engaging in recreational activities.4.Mandates behavior oriented toward getting well,such as getting prescriptions filled,taking medication,and making any required changes in behavior to comply with doctor's orders
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Chapter 4: Adhering to Healthy Behavior
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______ is the concept that refers to tangible and intangible help a person receives from friends and family.
A) Self-efficacy
B) Self-esteem
C) Social support
D) Self-concept
Q2) The major advantage of the pill cap microprocessor as a means of assessing adherence is its
A) cost effectiveness.
B) ability to count the number of pills removed with each bottle opening.
C) ability to count the number of bottle openings and record the time of day for each opening.
D) nearly perfect validity.
Q3) In Stage 2 of the precaution adoption process model,people are aware of a hazard,but they believe that others are at risk,and they are not.This attitude is called A) an optimistic bias.
B) a pessimistic bias.
C) a rationalization.
D) the ostrich effect.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emotional expression such as crying,laughing,yelling,or throwing objects leads to improved psychological and physical health.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The autonomic nervous system has two subdivisions:
A) afferents and efferents.
B) central and peripheral nervous systems.
C) the brain and the spinal cord.
D) sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Q3) According to Ellen Langer and Judith Rodin's research about personal control and older people,the degree of control that is necessary to produce health benefits
A) may be created by decisions about relatively minor matters.
B) should include decisions about where to live.
C) should include choosing one's personal physician.
D) are so extensive that it is not feasible for most elderly people to be allowed such control due to safety concerns.
Q4) In what ways does social support influence health?
Q5) Describe the physiology of stress reactions.
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Chapter 6: Understanding Stress, Immunity, and Disease
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with people who have little reaction to stressful events,those who react with strong emotions are more likely to have cardiovascular disease.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Evidence regarding the effects of stress on depression indicates that
A) stress seems to be a necessary condition for depression.
B) stress is a sufficient condition for depression.
C) stress is involved in more than half of all depressive episodes.
D) vulnerability and coping ability mediate the effects of stress on depression.
Q3) In what way does reactivity relate to ethnic background?
A) African American men show more reactivity to stress than do European American men.
B) European American children show more reactivity than do African American children.
C) Children with the highest rate of reactivity are European American children with a family history of heart disease.
D) Both b and c are correct.
Q4) What functions do nonspecific and specific immunity serve,and why are both necessary?
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Chapter 7: Understanding and Managing Pain
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Victoria has just cut her hand with a sharp knife.The pain she feels can best be described as
A) acute.
B) prechronic.
C) chronic intractable.
D) chronic.
Q2) With regard to migraine headaches,
A) men are somewhat more likely than women to have migraines.
B) women are much more likely than men to have migraines.
C) women are slightly more likely than men to have migraines.
D) women and men are about equally susceptible to migraines.
Q3) Henry Beecher reported that soldiers wounded at the Anzio beachhead during World War II experienced ______ pain.
A) chronic intractable
B) stress-related
C) severe, excruciating
D) very little
Q4) Compare the specificity and the gate control theory on their emphasis of psychological factors in pain.
Q5) Evaluate the success and hazards of medical interventions for pain.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Considering Alternative Approaches
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96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research has confirmed that mindfulness meditation is helpful in reducing people's __________.
A) anxiety
B) stress-related problems
C) depression
D) all of the above
Q2) People may be limited in their access to CAM through
A) the costs of the treatments, which are often not covered by insurance.
B) their physicians, who often discontinue conventional treatments for those who use CAM.
C) their families' reactions to their treatment choice.
D) none of these
Q3) Vegetarian and vegan diets are helpful in promoting good health,as they are beneficial in helping to _______________.
A) reduce high cholesterol
B) reduce the risk of cold and flu
C) reduce the risk for osteoarthritis
D) all of the above
Q4) Discuss the effectiveness of alternative treatments.
Q5) What alternative procedures and products are most commonly used?
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Chapter 9: Behavioral Factors in Cardiovascular Disease
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beginning in the early 1990s,death rates from cardiovascular disease
A) have been quite consistent throughout all the nations of the world.
B) dropped faster in Eastern Europe than in the United States.
C) have been higher for Russian women than for Russian men.
D) increased drastically in Russia and other former Soviet Union countries.
Q2) What is the term that refers to any damage to the myocardium as a result of insufficient blood supply?
A) coronary heart disease
B) coronary artery disease
C) stroke
D) hypertension
Q3) Approximately ________ of Americans have hypertension.
A) one-third
B) one-fourth
C) one-half
D) two-thirds
Q4) Loss of elasticity of the arteries is called atherosclerosis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the role of health psychology in cardiac rehabilitation?
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Chapter 10: Behavioral Factors in Cancer
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nick eats a high-fat diet and this may increase risk for _______ cancer.
A) colorectal
B) testicular
C) lung
D) kidney
Q2) Evaluate the role of eating and drinking in the development of cancer.
Q3) Physical activity is most likely to protect women against breast cancer if
A) they begin a physical activity program early in their lives and maintain physical activity.
B) they postpone physical activity until after menopause.
C) they begin a physical activity program early in life and then stop or greatly reduce exercise after menopause.
D) they are married and have at least one child.
Q4) Which of these cancer treatments has serious and painful side effects?
A) radiation
B) surgery
C) chemotherapy
D) all of these
Q5) What can a person do to avoid cancer?
Q6) Differentiate malignant from nonmalignant growths.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Living With Chronic Illness
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Type 1 diabetes requires a special diet; Type 2 diabetes does not.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In contrast to people with acute illnesses,those with chronic disorders are more likely to
A) develop a hopeless attitude toward their condition.
B) accept their physician's authority.
C) comply with medical advice.
D) be aware of their disease.
Q3) Which group currently accounts for more than half of HIV transmissions?
A) Male-male sexual contact
B) Male-female sexual contact
C) Injection drug use
D) Transmission from mother to baby
Q4) Since 1993,death rates from AIDS in the United States have declined due to A) a drop in the incidence of AIDS.
B) a shorter survival time of AIDS patients.
C) a decrease in the prevalence of HIV infection among heterosexual men.
D) a decrease in the prevalence of HIV infection among heterosexual women.
Q5) What behavioral factors are important in the management of diabetes?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Smoking Tobacco
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,which lifestyle change would result in a longer extension of life?
A) eating a diet of no more than 10% of calories from saturated fat
B) quitting smoking
C) quitting drinking alcohol
D) beginning an exercise program
Q2) Who is most likely to begin smoking as a means of weight control?
A) middle-aged women
B) teenage boys involved in athletics
C) teenage girls with a fear of weight gain
D) middle-aged men
Q3) More intensive cessation programs are more expensive; research indicates that A) the expense is worth it-such programs are more effective.
B) the expense is not worth it-such programs are no more effective than less expensive ones.
C) nicotine replacement is more effective than programs with many components.
D) relapse was not a problem for those who participated in an intensive program.
Q4) Do the reasons that people start smoking differ from the reasons that people continue to smoke?
Q5) Evaluate the dangers of passive smoking.
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Chapter 13: Using Alcohol and Other Drugs
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these conditions is positively related to light and moderate alcohol consumption?
A) decreased bone density
B) increased depression
C) decreased heart disease
D) decreased general health
Q2) Which of the following ethnic groups are more likely to drive after drinking?
A) European Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) African Americans
D) Asian Americans
Q3) Physical symptoms,such as restlessness,irritability,and tremors,may occur when a person is experiencing _________ from alcohol.
A) tolerance
B) dependence
C) withdrawal
D) addiction
Q4) The Food and Drug Administration considers marijuana as a Schedule I drug.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Eating and Weight
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these people has the GREATEST danger of developing a health problem?
A) a woman who is 15 pounds overweight
B) a woman whose weight is 10% above the weight recommended by the weight charts
C) a man whose weight is a stable 12% above the weight recommended by the weight charts
D) a man who gains 20% above the ideal recommended weight
Q2) Gastric bypass surgery
A) usually produces massive weight loss.
B) carries health risks from the surgical procedure.
C) has replaced liposuction as the most common surgical approach to weight control.
D) both a and b.
Q3) The principal function of the stomach is to
A) begin the process of digestion.
B) pass digested food into the large intestine.
C) pass digested food into the blood stream.
D) mix food particles with gastric juices.
Q4) Evaluate the role of hormones in weight regulation.
Q5) Darlene is 15 pounds heavier than the ideal.Should she diet to improve her health?
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Chapter 15: Exercising
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97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exercise may protect non-Caucasian women against _______ better than Caucasian women.
A) breast cancer
B) colorectal cancer
C) lung cancer
D) endometrial cancer
Q2) Research on the effects of physical activity has generally found that a program of regular physical activity
A) can add as much as two years to people's lives.
B) can lower levels of disability during old age.
C) both a and b
D) results in more deaths than an inactive lifestyle.
Q3) The optimal time for beginning an exercise program is during
A) early childhood.
B) adolescence.
C) young adulthood, that is, 25 to 30.
D) middle age, that is, about 40 to 45.
Q4) What is the role of exercise in weight control?
Q5) Evaluate the various types of exercise according to their contribution to different types of fitness.
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Chapter 16: Future Challenges
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The escalating costs that plague the United States' health care system
A) have stabilized in the past five years but still represent a problem.
B) are unique to the United States and Canada and do not affect other countries around the world.
C) are larger problems in European countries than in the United States.
D) are more serious in the United States but affect all industrialized countries.
Q2) Even with universal access to health care,disparities exist between wealthy and poorer individuals.One factor that may explain this discrepancy is
A) education and health literacy are higher among those with higher incomes.
B) health varies within countries, and women are healthier than men.
C) those with the lowest levels of social support are healthier than those with many social contacts.
D) all of these contribute to health disparities.
Q3) The trend toward chronic diseases as the most common health problem
A) will probably continue well into the 21st century.
B) will probably reverse itself within the next decade.
C) will probably be replaced by a growing problem with infectious diseases.
D) both b and c
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Page 18