Health Policy and Oral Health Review Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the interplay between health policy and oral health outcomes, examining how laws, regulations, and public health initiatives shape access to dental care and influence the oral health of diverse populations. Students will analyze the structure of health systems, financing mechanisms, and the role of government agencies in promoting oral health equity. Key topics include the impact of health reform on dental services, strategies for integrating oral health into broader health policies, and current challenges such as disparities in care, workforce issues, and preventive health approaches. Through critical review of policy frameworks and real-world case studies, students will develop an understanding of strategies for advocating and designing effective oral health policies.
Recommended Textbook
Dental Public Health and Research 4th Edition by Christine N. Nathe
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Dental Public Health: An Overview
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Q1) Dental infrastructure in the United States consists of government and private entities, and the provision of dental care is provided primarily by the ________.
A) Community clinics
B) Primary care clinics
C) Private practice offices
D) Emergency rooms
E) None of the above
Answer: C
Q2) Certain populations face barriers to dental care in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Factors affecting dental care delivery include which of the following?
A) The development of the dental hygiene profession
B) Access issues
C) The decrease in periodontal diseases
D) Both A and B
E) None of the above
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Prevention Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dental hygienists initially practiced in which setting(s)?
A) Schools
B) Stores
C) Industry
D) Ships
E) Both A and C
Answer: A
Q2) Dental hygiene is the only health care profession based exclusively on which type of care?
A) Restoration
B) Rehabilitation
C) Prevention
D) Urgent
E) Emergency Answer: C
Q3) Community water fluoridation works both systemically and topically.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Dental Care Delivery in the United States
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Q1) Which government entitlement program generally covers dental care for individuals with low incomes?
A) Medicare
B) HICFA
C) Medicaid
D) HRSA
E) Head Start
Answer: C
Q2) The agency responsible for the Early Head Start and Head Start programs is the ________.
A) Children's Health Insurance Programs
B) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
C) Administration for Children and Families
D) Administration on Aging
E) None of the above
Answer: C
Q3) Dental hygienists may practice within the U.S. Peace Corps.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Dental Hygiene Care Delivery in the Global Community
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Q1) Independent practice of dental hygiene is permitted in which country?
A)Dental nurses
B)Dental therapists
C)Switzerland
D)The Netherlands
E)Canada
F)Australia
G)New Zealand
H)Oral health promotion
Q2) A dental therapist in New Zealand is allowed to ________.
A) Restore teeth
B) Fabricate dentures
C) Provide prophylaxis
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above
Q3) Germany has no internationally recognized dental hygiene schools.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Financing of Dental Care
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Q1) Federal block grants are usually utilized as preventive block grants and may cover dental services for children.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are legal entities organized for individual participating dental providers to enter into contracts collectively to provide prepaid dental services?
A) Preferred Provider Organizations
B) Dental Managed Care
C) Dental Service Corporations
D) Individual Practice Associations
E) None of the above
Q3) State governments generally fund dental services for inmates of federal prisons within their state.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The delivery of dental care in the United States is mostly a private sector endeavor.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Federal and State Legislation Affecting Dental
Hygiene Practice
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Q1) Law created and changed by the people
A)Administrative law
B)Judicial branch
C)Executive branch
D)Common law
E)Statutory law
F)Legislative branch
G)Constitutional law
Q2) State dental boards generally govern which profession(s)?
A) Dental hygiene
B) Dentistry
C) School nurses
D) Both A and B
E) None of the above
Q3) Many times a bill will "die" in a committee, only to have the most vital ideas added to a totally different bill.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Advocacy for Dental Care
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Q1) A memorandum of understanding is a formal alternative to a gentlemen's agreement but lacks the binding power of a(n) ________
A) Policy
B) Procedure
C) Contract
D) Agreement
E) None of the above
Q2) The most valued asset of lobbyists are their ________
A) Networking skills
B) Established relationships
C) Knowledge of a broad range of topics
D) Value system
E) None of the above
Q3) The attempt to influence or sway others toward a desired position or action is called
A) Ethics
B) Collaboration
C) Lobbying
D) Stimulating
E) None of the above
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Chapter 8: Dental Health Education and Promotion
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Q1) This theory is based on the concepts of rewards and punishments.
A)Self-determination theory
B)Modeling behavior
C)Empowerment
D)Classical conditioning
E)Operant conditioning
Q2) This theory suggests that learning can be facilitated through imitation.
A)Self-determination theory
B)Modeling behavior
C)Empowerment
D)Classical conditioning
E)Operant conditioning
Q3) The creation of a dental hygiene operatory section in the city's children's museum by the local dental hygiene association would be which type of activity?
A) Health promotion
B) Health education
C) Health instruction
D) Health assessment
E) None of the above
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Lesson Plan Development
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Q1) What characteristic(s) is (are) common in effective teachers?
A) Ability to interact
B) Enthusiastic
C) Knowledgeable
D) Flexible
E) All of the above
Q2) Formulating a dental hygiene diagnosis for a group presentation occurs before which stage?
A) Needs activity
B) Qualitative assessment
C) Planning
D) Assessment
E) None of the above
Q3) To apply
A)Psychomotor domain
B)Application level
C)Problem-solving level
D)Affective domain
E)Knowledge level
F)Cognitive domain
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Chapter 10: Target Populations
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Q1) The activity of professionals who work with individuals/communities to enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning is referred to as ________.
A) Cultural diversity
B) Social work
C) Dental hygiene
D) Nursing
E) None of the above
Q2) When treating a school-aged child it is important to direct the question to the child first so that the child realizes that he/she is your patient.
A) The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.
E) None of the above
Q3) A developmental disability is not present at birth and does not occur during the developmental period.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Cultural Competency
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Q1) A person's ethnicity refers to ________.
A) Cultural heritage
B) Physical characteristics
C) Hair color
D) European country of origin
E) All of the above
Q2) A term used to describe an individual assimilating to another culture by assuming its practices and beliefs is ________.
A) Ethnocentric
B) Acculturate
C) Cross-cultural
D) Cultural diversity
E) All of the above
Q3) Health care workers have a major responsibility to be ________.
A) Culturally sensitive
B) Ethnocentric
C) Pluralistic
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Program Planning
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Q1) During which stage does the dental hygienist consider the population's needs, facilities, resources, and funding?
A) Planning
B) Dental hygiene diagnosis
C) Assessment
D) Implementation
E) Evaluation
Q2) During which stage does the dental hygienist develop a blueprint?
A) Planning
B) Dental hygiene diagnosis
C) Implementation
D) Evaluation
E) Assessment
Q3) Program planning is more than just planning a program; it encompasses the entire dental hygiene process of care.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Program Evaluation
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Q1) PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, collects state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences prior to, during, and immediately following pregnancy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Quantitative evaluation generally refers to ________.
A) How well a program did
B) How much a program accomplished
C) How many personnel were used
D) Both A and B
E) None of the above
Q3) Measures conditions that will not change
A)Reversible index
B)Cumulative index
C)Irreversible index
D)Dental index
E)Simple index
F)Basic index
G)Comprehensive index
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Research in Dental Hygiene
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Q1) Takes health history
A)Writes research proposal
B)Conducts literature review
C)Develops research question or hypothesis
D)Conducts research
E)Obtains informed consent and research funding
F)Analyzes and publishes research results
G)Takes survey or makes observations about a population
Q2) If dental hygiene is to evolve as a specific scientific discipline, ________.
A) Focus must be placed on being a field of study with a discipline interest
B) We must compile information from many disciplines and adapt it for a complete dental hygiene base
C) A research base solely generated by the profession must be established
D) We must ensure that all dental hygienists lobby for higher pay and more jobs
Q3) Why is dental hygiene research important?
A) To improve the public's oral health
B) To advance and promote the profession of dental hygiene
C) To continue advancing practice
D) All of the above
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Ethical Principles in Research
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Q1) What group is charged with reviewing the ethical implications of a research study?
A) Health access group
B) Institutional review board
C) Ethic study board
D) Bioethics review group
E) Both A and C
Q2) When research involves human subjects, an informed consent must be obtained because subjects should always understand the research in which they are participating.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Q3) Institutions that conduct medical research usually have an entity known as the HIPAA.
A)True
B)False
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17
Chapter 16: The Research Process
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Q1) A time series design measures the dependent variable and is done several times over a period of time.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A study that uses questionnaires, opinionnaires, interviews, and indexes is called a
A) Survey
B) Document analysis
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Developmental
E) None of the above
Q3) A small version of a proposed study is called a ________.
A) Case study
B) Pilot study
C) Controlled study
D) Pivotal study
E) Both A and C
Q4) A factorial design is used to study two or more independent variables.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Biostatistics
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Q1) Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
A)Scales of measurement
B)Ordinal scale
C)Discrete variable
D)Continuous variable
E)Nominal scale
Q2) Characteristics of effective tables and graphs include ________.
A) Appearance
B) Accuracy
C) Clarity
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
Q3) To report an average without a measure of dispersion can misrepresent the data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The following set of values has two modes: 7, 7, 8, 8, 5.
A)True
B)False
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Oral Epidemiology
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Q1) Characteristics of an individual or population that may increase the likelihood of experiencing a given health problem
A)Morbidity
B)Endemic
C)Epidemic
D)Pandemic
E)Validity
F)Index
G)Incidence
H)Epidemiology
I)Prevalence
J)Disease rates
K)Mortality
L)Causality
M)Etiology
N)Risk factors
O)Reliability
P)Surveillance
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Current Oral Epidemiological Findings
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Q1) Study of disease in a population
A)Dental sealants
B)Candidiasis
C)Teenagers
D)Oral cancer
E)Herpes simplex virus
F)Systemic diseases
G)Epidemiology
H)Community water fluoridation
I)Adults
J)Gingivitis
K)Posterior teeth
L)Recurrent aphthous ulcer
M)Anterior teeth
N)Cleft lip/palate
O)Dental caries
P)Endemic
Q2) Dental caries is the most common of all diseases.
A)True
B)False
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Evaluation of Scientific Literature and Dental Products
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Q1) Findings of a study
A)Literature review
B)Methodology
C)Results and discussions
D)Introduction
E)Abstract
Q2) The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is regulated by the ________.
A) Institute of Medicine
B) Food and Drug Administration
C) American Dental Hygienists' Association
D) American Medical Association
E) American Dental Association
Q3) Method and material section
A)Literature review
B)Methodology
C)Results and discussions
D)Introduction
E)Abstract
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Chapter 21: Careers in Dental Public Health
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Q1) Dental hygienists may be commissioned into the U.S. Public Health Service with which qualifications?
A) Bachelor's degree
B) Certificate
C) Associate's degree
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
Q2) A dental hygiene student may be eligible for the COSTEP program.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A dental hygienist in the U.S. PHS must be a U.S. citizen.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Dental hygienists are eligible to practice in dental public health in varying capacities with a(n) ________.
A) Certificate
B) Bachelor's degree
C) Associate's degree
D) Doctoral degree
E) All of the above
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Strategies for Creating Dental Hygiene
Positions in Dental Public Health Settings
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Q1) Developing policies and procedures describing all types of reimbursement mechanisms
A)Promotion
B)Distribution plan
C)Product
D)Price
Q2) An organized approach to selecting and servicing markets is called ________.
A) Selling
B) Marketing
C) Servicing
D) Advertising
E) None of the above
Q3) Resolving conflicts is a mandatory management skill for the dental hygienist.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Developing practice location and hours
A)Promotion
B)Distribution plan
C)Product
D)Price
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