Health Policy and Ethics Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course examines the principles and frameworks of health policy and ethics as they apply to healthcare systems, professionals, and patients. Students will explore how health policy is formulated, implemented, and evaluated at local, national, and global levels, with an emphasis on ethical considerations such as justice, autonomy, equity, and beneficence. Through case studies and contemporary issues, the course fosters critical analysis of the ethical challenges posed by policy decisions in areas such as resource allocation, access to care, public health interventions, and emerging medical technologies.
Recommended Textbook
Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing 4th Edition by Margaret A. Burkhardt
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20 Chapters
313 Verified Questions
313 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1109
Page 2
Chapter 1: Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces
Influencing the Development of Nursing
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21802
Sample Questions
Q1) Socrates can be described as (select all that apply):
A) being one of the greatest philosophers of ancient times.
B) believing a person should do what is best for him or herself.
C) proposing that one must seek knowledge and develop the inner self in order to experience a good life.
D) creating the Socratic method.
E) believing that knowledge does lead to the "good life."
Answer: A, C, D, E
Q2) Professions exist to meet the:
A) needs of employers.
B) needs of individuals.
C) needs of society.
D) needs of families.
Answer: C
Q3) Empathy is a motive for:
A) meeting the needs of others.
B) moral reasoning and action.
C) becoming a nurse.
D) determining right from wrong.
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Ethical Theory
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21803
Sample Questions
Q1) ____ attributes differences in moral codes to social conditions, while proposing that most people have underlying psychological tendencies that lead to similar moral judgments.
A) Rationalism
B) Naturalism
C) Virtue ethics
D) Deontology
Answer: B
Q2) What theory is based on the rationalist view that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon the nature of the act, rather than its consequence?
A) Deontology
B) Formalism
C) Kantianism
D) Act utilitarianism
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Ethical Principles
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21804
Sample Questions
Q1) _____________ is a term used to describe the process by which competent patients give voluntary consent for medical or surgical treatments or biomedical research after receiving disclosure about potential risks and benefits.
A) Autonomy
B) Paternalism
C) Informed consent
D) Advocacy
Answer: C
Q2) The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses recognizes that confidentiality: A) flows from respect for persons and is an absolute requirement in all situations. B) is restricted to legal regulations and definitions. C) is not absolute and may be modified to protect the patient or other innocent people.
D) None of the above
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Values Clarification
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21805
Sample Questions
Q1) Values that are implicit in expectations of an institution, but not in writing, are termed:
A) formal values.
B) covert values.
C) integral values.
D) overt values.
Q2) When the values of the nurse and those of the patient are different, the patient may be labeled as which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Noncompliant
B) Difficult
C) Cooperative
D) Ignorant
E) Confident
Q3) A nurse who used to love her job and now frequently exhibits anger, dissatisfaction, frustration, and poor work performance may be experiencing:
A) moral awareness.
B) moral thought.
C) moral distress.
D) moral values.
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6
Chapter 5: Values Development
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21806
Sample Questions
Q1) The development of intellectual capacities through the time of childhood from birth to around age 15 years refers to:
A) Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
B) Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
C) Lao Tsu's theory of development.
D) Fowler's stages of faith development.
Q2) Phase 3 of Gilligan's study of the psychological development of women includes which of the following?
A) A focus on what is best for the self, and includes selfishness and dependence on others.
B) The movement into a world beyond the family in which values and beliefs derive from experiences in interpersonal relationships.
C) Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity.
D) A deep appreciation of connectedness, including responsibility to self and others as moral equals, and a clear imperative to harm no one.
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Chapter 6: Ethics and Professional Nursing
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21807
Sample Questions
Q1) An explicit declaration of primary goals and values of the profession that indicates the "profession's acceptance of the responsibility and trust with which it has been invested by society" is:
A) a code of nursing ethics.
B) a standards of nursing practice.
C) autonomy.
D) constitution.
Q2) The minimum expectations for safe nursing care can be defined as: A) accountability.
B) standards of nursing practice.
C) expertise.
D) authority.
Q3) A complex, organized occupation preceded by a long training program is a(n): A) profession.
B) expert.
C) autonomy.
D) nurse.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Ethical Decision Making
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21808
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a moral dilemma?
A) A nurse who is accustomed to working on the prenatal unit floats to the ER.
B) A nurse who has strong religious beliefs opposing abortion is assigned to assist with an elective abortion.
C) A terminally ill patient on life support suffers from severe, intractable pain.
D) A patient has a cardiopulmonary arrest when the suction apparatus fails.
Q2) ____________ occurs when we sense that there is a moral problem but are not sure of the morally correct action.
A) Moral distress
B) Moral uncertainty
C) Moral dilemma
D) Practical dilemma
Q3) Moral integrity is defined as:
A) the likelihood that someone will make the same decision repeatedly over time.
B) soundness, reliability, wholeness, and integration of moral character.
C) self-knowledge combined with decision-making skill.
D) the ability to make cogent moral decisions.
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Chapter 8: Legal Issues
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21809
Sample Questions
Q1) A deliberate deception for the purpose of securing an unfair or unlawful gain is:
A) assault.
B) fraud.
C) battery.
D) intentional tort(s).
Q2) The system of binding rules of action or conduct that governs the behavior of people in respect to relationships with others and with the government is:
A) ethics.
B) law.
C) morals.
D) intentional tort.
Q3) First- and second-degree murder, arson, burgarly, extortion, kidnapping, rape, and robbery are examples of which type of crime?
A) Misdemeanor
B) Precedent
C) Felony
D) Citation
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Professional Relationship Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21810
Sample Questions
Q1) Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Which statements are true regarding sexual harassment? Select all that apply.
A) The two categories of sexual harassment include quid pro quo and hostile work environment.
B) Hostile-work-environment sexual harassment occurs when submission to or a rejection of the sexual conduct of an individual is used as a basis for employment.
C) Majority of sexual harassment claims are filed by women.
D) Sexual harassment entails emotional costs such as anger, humiliation, and fear.
E) Direct costs of sexual harassment may include counseling and lawyers fees.
Q2) Any physiologic disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting any body system is a:
A) mental impairment.
B) disability.
C) physical impairment.
D) major life enjoyment.
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11
Chapter 10: Practice Issues Related to Technology
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21811
Sample Questions
Q1) The process of creating a cell or an entire organism that is identical in every way to another is called:
A) stem cell research
B) cloning
C) genetic screening
D) eugenics
Q2) Which of the following disciplines generally make up an ethics committee? Select all that apply.
A) Nursing
B) Medicine
C) Social work
D) Chaplains
E) Client's family
Q3) _________ refers to situations in which interventions are judged to have very little or no medical benefit, or in which the chance for success is low.
A) Euthanasia
B) Medical futility
C) Do not resuscitate (DNR)
D) Palliative care
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Practice Issues Related to Patient Self
Determination
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21812
Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse who discusses a patient's condition and treatment with family members who were not authorized to have medical information disclosed to them is breaching:
A) autonomy.
B) paternalism.
C) competence.
D) confidentiality.
Q2) Having the freedom to make choices about issues that affect our own lives and to make decisions about personal goals is called:
A) paternalism.
B) informed consent.
C) autonomy.
D) competence.
Q3) If a patient is not given the opportunity to ask questions about a procedure prior to the start of the procedure, which patient right is being violated?
A) Autonomy
B) Justice
C) Advance directives
D) Informed consent
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Chapter 12: Scholarship Issues
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21813
Sample Questions
Q1) Authorization from research participants to use patient health information (PHI) for research purposes should include which of the following?
A) What PHI will be disclosed.
B) The purpose for which the PHI will be used.
C) Who will have access to the PHI.
D) All of the above
E) b and c
Q2) Two core values basic to academic integrity and to ethical treatment of research data are:
A) plagiarism and cheating.
B) cheating and forgery.
C) beneficence and integrity.
D) veracity and integrity.
Q3) The process of obtaining consent from children ages 7 to 18 years old is called:
A) full disclosure.
B) assent.
C) right to treatment.
D) trustworthiness.
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14
Chapter 13: Global Consciousness in the Twenty First Century
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21814
Sample Questions
Q1) Nursing care of victims beyond the emergency response to a disaster and health care of displaced persons are similar in which of the following ways?
A) The need to address emotional and mental health
B) The need for sanitation and communicable disease control
C) The majority of those needing care are women and children
D) a and b
E) b and c
Q2) Nursing involvement with refugees and displaced persons can occur at what levels?
A) Emergency needs
B) Care and maintenance
C) Seeking ongoing solutions
D) All of the above
E) a and b
Q3) Disasters may be termed:
A) natural.
B) technological.
C) accidental.
D) a and c
E) a, b, and c
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Chapter 14: Health Policy Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21815
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is both a moral and political issue?
A) Abortion
B) Stem cell research
C) Physician-assisted suicide
D) All but b above
E) All of the above
Q2) Organized groups with distinct ideologies that seek to control government are called:
A) partisan parties.
B) community groups.
C) political parties.
D) municipal groups.
Q3) A politically active nurse lobbies legislators in her state to enact universal health insurance legislation. Which ethical principle most likely serves as the foundation for this political activity?
A) Justice
B) Fidelity
C) Nonmaleficence
D) Autonomy
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Economic Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21816
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following ethical theories of justice are based upon the rule that it is good to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number of people?
A) Libertarian theories
B) Utilitarian theories
C) Deontological theories
D) Communitarian theories
Q2) Which of the following statements about managed care are true? Select all that apply.
A) It attempts to control costs by modifying the behavior of providers and patients.
B) It is a system that is based on patient and provider autonomy.
C) It lowers cost through the elimination of waste and excess.
D) It aims toward lower premiums and preventive care benefits.
E) It is attentive to the needs of the membership group and individual patients.
Q3) The traditional health care system in the United States is:
A) managed care.
B) fee-for-service.
C) universal health insurance.
D) single payer systems.
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17
Chapter 16: Social Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21817
Sample Questions
Q1) Giving preference for health care to those who have the ability to pay is an example of disregarding which ethical principle?
A) Nonmaleficence
B) Justice
C) Beneficence
D) Autonomy
Q2) Poverty and homelessness are an issue among U.S. citizens. Which of the following statements are true regarding poverty? Select all that apply.
A) Poverty is known to have a negative impact on the health of individuals.
B) Poorer individuals are sicker than individuals with adequate financial resources.
C) Individuals living below the poverty level frequently participate in preventive care services.
D) The new homeless are families, single women with children, veterans, and elderly.
E) Children living in poverty have a higher incidence of conditions associated with trauma, poor nutrition, drugs, burns, mental illness, and HIV infections.
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18
Chapter 17: Gender Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21818
Sample Questions
Q1) The statement that nurses are well-bred, well-educated specimens of womanhood is an example of which of the following?
A) Sexism
B) Paternalism
C) Nursism
D) Parentalism
Q2) A female nurse manager is overly friendly to a young male colleague. She makes sexually explicit remarks and often corners him in the medication room, standing uncomfortably close. This behavior is consistent with which of the following?
A) Sexual assault
B) Sexual deviancy
C) Sexual harassment
D) Hostile work environment
Q3) Systematic discrimination against lesbians and gay men in nursing occur as a result of:
A) institutional policy.
B) discriminatory administrative practice.
C) punitive supervisors.
D) all of the above.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Transcultural and Spiritual Issues
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21819
Sample Questions
Q1) Knowing about the values, beliefs, behaviors, norms, and customs of a patient who comes from a culture other than your own is:
A) cultural awareness.
B) cultural sensitivity.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) all of the above.
Q2) When addressing values such as autonomy, beneficence, and the right to self-determination with patients, nurses need to understand that:
A) all cultures consider these values to be very important in health decisions.
B) the cultural perspective of all people involved must be considered.
C) cultural sensitivity means the family must be included in the discussion.
D) these values are understood pretty much the same in most cultures.
Q3) A key factor in dealing with transcultural issues is:
A) ethnocentrism.
B) culture.
C) diversity.
D) self-awareness.
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20
Chapter 19: Empowerment for Nurses
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21820
Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse who shares knowledge about and involves patients in health care decisions is demonstrating:
A) power over.
B) power protection.
C) power with.
D) power control.
Q2) Ethical nursing conduct reflected in current nursing codes includes all of the following behaviors except:
A) following physician orders without question.
B) being alert for incompetent practice and care.
C) taking appropriate action to safeguard patients.
D) reporting practice that might endanger patients.
Q3) The willingness to stand up for personal core values and ethical beliefs even when we stand alone is called:
A) moral courage.
B) empowerment.
C) self-esteem.
D) power.
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21
Chapter 20: Facilitating Patient Enpowerment
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21821
Sample Questions
Q1) Empowerment is fostered through which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Self-discovery
B) Sense of connectedness
C) Support
D) Opportunities for choice
E) Decreased self-esteem
F) Having needed resources, knowledge, and skills
Q2) Nursing knowledge that is needed in order to enable empowerment includes:
A) ethical principles and decision-making process.
B) values development and their impact on choices.
C) scientific principles and evidence-based practice.
D) a and b.
Q3) Nurses foster patient empowerment when they:
A) design and set appropriate health goals for patients.
B) guide patients in selecting appropriate health options.
C) design strategies within the patient's sociocultural context.
D) tell patients what they believe would be most empowering.
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