Health Policy Analysis
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Health Policy Analysis examines the systematic evaluation of health policies and their impact on healthcare systems, populations, and outcomes. The course explores the frameworks and methodologies used to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of health policies at local, national, and global levels. Students learn how to critically analyze the policy-making process, understand stakeholder interests, and consider economic, ethical, and social implications of health policy decisions. Through case studies and real-world examples, the course prepares students to develop and advocate for evidence-based policy solutions that address current and emerging health challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Health Economics and Policy 5th Edition by
James W. Henderson
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14 Chapters
193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Usmedical Care: A System in Transition
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/62114
Sample Questions
Q1) Economists use the term "marginal" to describe costs and benefits
A)that are minimal and hardly worth noting.
B)that are incremental and thus relevant to decision making.
C)that are noteworthy but not the most important.
D)whose importance can be minimized through hard work.
E)none of the above.
Answer: B
Q2) According to recent public opinion polls, what percentage of Americans are satisfied with the quality of the medical care they receive?
A)15 percent.
B)40 percent.
C)65 percent.
D)75 percent.
E)90 percent.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Using E Conomics to Study Health Care Issues
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are substitute treatment alternatives for coronary artery disease.What should happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of angioplasty procedures if a new CABG technique is introduced that is less invasive (requiring a 4 inch incision under the breast bone rather than cracking open the patient's rib cage) and requires one-third the recovery period of regular CABG surgery.
A)Both price and quantity will increase.
B)Both price and quantity will decrease.
C)Price will increase and quantity will decrease.
D)Price will decrease and quantity will increase.
E)The introduction of a new CABG procedure should have no effect on the price or quantity of angioplasty procedures.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Analyzing Medical Care Markets
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following countries would an increase in per capita income likely result in the most improvement to health status of the population? (2006 per capita incomes in PPP dollars shown in parentheses.)
A)Mexico ($13,383)
B)New Zealand ($26,068)
C)Germany ($32,900)
D)United Kingdom ($34,084)
E)United States ($44,639)
Answer: A
Q2) A person with AIDS applies for health insurance but hides his health status from the insurance company.What is the likely result for the insurance company?
A)Principle-agent problem.
B)Rational ignorance.
C)Externalities.
D)Adverse selection.
E)The substitution effect.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Economic Evaluation in Health Care
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many European countries are now requiring that data for an economic evaluation be collected simultaneously during the clinical trials conducted for pharmaceutical approval.This practice is so common that it is being referred to as
A)the fourth hurdle
B)pharmacoeconomics
C)clinical economics
D)phase III economics
E)CE trials
Q2) The direct costs in an economic evaluation include the all the following except
A)hospitalization
B)medical devices
C)transportation to and from the physician's office
D)reduced productivity at work
E)All of the above
Q3) The intangible costs associated with reduced quality of life include
A)Pain and suffering
B)Lost productivity at work
C)The cost of home remodeling to accommodate a physical handicap
D)Potential income lost due to premature death
E)All of the above are intangible costs
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Chapter 5: The De Mand for Health and Medical Care
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number one cause of death in the United States among 25 to 44 year olds in 1998 was
A)AIDS.
B)adult-onset diabetes.
C)homicide and accidents.
D)suicide.
E)pneumonia and influenza.
Q2) A critical assumption in the model of demand and supply is the independence of demand and supply curves.If the two are not independent, a shift in the supply curve can lead to a shift in the demand curve referred to as
A)supply-side economics.
B)supplier-induced demand.
C)supply shocks.
D)ceteris paribus.
E)the fallacy of supply.
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Chapter 6: The Market for Health Insurance
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major factor contributing to the growth in employee-based health insurance in the United States has been
A)greater than average economic growth leading to increased demand for labor.
B)the tax free treatment of health insurance as an employee benefit.
C)legislation requiring all firms to provide health insurance to all full-time workers.
D)the long standing tradition in the United States of providing a generous package of benefits to all workers.
Q2) A group of 100 people seek out an insurance company to underwrite health insurance for its members.If expected medical spending for the group is $150,000, what will the average premium be if the health insurance company estimates the premium adding net loading costs of 20 percent?
A)$1,200
B)$1,500
C)$1,800
D)$3,000
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8
Chapter 7: Managed Care
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some analysts are skeptical about managed care's long-term ability to control costs.What works for individuals may not work systemwide.This proposition is called
A)stare decisis.
B)a priori reasoning.
C)the Peter Principle.
D)the ceteris paribus condition.
E)the fallacy of composition.
Q2) The health maintenance organization where the physicians are salaried employees of the HMO is called
A)a group-model HMO.
B)a staff-model HMO.
C)a network-model HMO.
D)an IPA.
E)a direct-contract HMO.
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Chapter 8: The Physicians Servic ES Market
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would increase the supply of physicians?
A)Increasing the cost of attending medical school.
B)More scholarships and grants to cover medical school tuition.
C)Increasing the medical school entrance requirements to include 15 hours of economics.
D)Making it easier for plaintiffs to prove medical malpractice claims.
E)Paying medical schools to eliminate residency opportunities in some specialties.
Q2) Physicians who own their own diagnostic testing facilities tend to order more tests, charge higher fees for them, and have higher total bills to patients.This practice of self-referral is an example of
A)moral hazard.
B)adverse selection.
C)res ipsa loquitor.
D)physician-induced demand.
E)cognitive dissonance.
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Chapter 9: The Hospital Services Market
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14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using the physician-control model to explain hospital behavior leads to which of the following conclusions?
A)Other medical inputs tend to be over used to maximize physicians' productivity.
B)The use of operating rooms will be maximized with little excess capacity.
C)Physicians will strive to utilize the nursing staff efficiently.
D)All investment decisions will be based on optimal resource use.
E)All of the above are conclusions of the physician-control model.
Q2) In the 19<sup>th</sup> century hospitals had notorious reputations-questionable places to visit, risky places to stay.What advances changed all this?
A)Development of the germ theory of disease.
B)Advances in medical technology.
C)Availability of health insurance to pay the bills.
D)All of the above.
Q3) Horizontal integration allows firms to do all of the following except
A)take advantage of cost savings due to economies of scale.
B)reduce administrative costs.
C)create brand identity.
D)fully integrate with primary care clinics and acute care nursing facilities.
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11
Chapter 10: The Market for Pharmaceuticals
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the new drugs introduced in the United States between 1940 and 1990, what percentage were discovered by U.S.firms?
A)15.
B)30.
C)45.
D)60.
E)75.
Q2) The regulatory agency with oversight responsibility for the pharmaceutical industry is the
A)IRS.
B)FDA.
C)SEC.
D)ITC.
E)ATT.
Q3) Rent-seeking behavior results in
A)increased economic activity by promoting efficiency.
B)lower economic activity by diverting resource to less-productive uses.
C)a more equitable distribution of income and wealth.
D)lower prices throughout the economy.
E)greater income and wealth in the private sector.
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Chapter 11: Confounding Factors
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States?
A)STDs are a relatively minor problem in the United States because of the widespread use of condoms.
B)Over 56 million Americans have an incurable STD.
C)The rate of infection from STDs among teenagers is falling due to condom use.
D)Except for the common cold and the flu, STDs are the most common disease in North America.
E)Both b and d are true.
Q2) Which group would argue against the contention that the U.S.liability system drives up health care costs by promoting unnecessary litigation and the practice of defensive medicine?
A)The American Medical Association
B)The Health Insurance Association of America
C)American Trial Lawyers' Association
D)The American Hospital Association
E)None of the above.They all likely feel the statement is true.
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Chapter 12: Policies That Enha Nce Access
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Falling hospital admissions and shorter length of hospital stays beginning in the mid 1980s may be attributable to
A)the increase in the number of out-patient visits.
B)the introduction of the DRG system.
C)a healthier population and a reduced incidence of certain diseases.
D)a reduction in the number of staffed beds in community hospitals causing a shortage of available beds.
E)an increase in the use of pharmaceutical drugs in treating the elderly.
Q2) Possibly, the most serious flaw in the Medicare system is the fact that
A)the deductible is too high for most elders to afford.
B)it provides no real protection against catastrophic losses resulting from unusually long hospital stays.
C)the definition of an episode of illness can lead to patients paying the deductible more than once during the calendar year.
D)coverage for outpatient drugs is poor.
E)elders are required to pay monthly premiums to participate in Part B.
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14
Chapter 13: Policies to Contain Costs
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The amount that a hospital will be paid for treating a Medicare patient is determined
A)before the patient ever sees a physician.
B).at the time of admission to the hospital.
C)at the point when the diagnosis is made.
D)after medical services are provided.
E)after the hospital bill is reviewed by Medicare auditors.
Q2) Suppose a price ceiling is set below the current market price.If the goal of the price ceiling is to reduce total expenditures, it will be successful
A)if the percentage change is price is greater than the percentage change in quantity.
B)if the percentage change is price is less than the percentage change in quantity.
C)if the percentage change is price is equal to the percentage change in quantity.
D)under all circumstances.Price ceilings always lower total spending.
E)if the markets remains in equilibrium.
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Chapter 14: Medical Care Systems Worldwide
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A recent study of the Canadian health care system estimates that 20 percent of the difference between health care spending in the U.S.and Canada is due to age differences between the two populations.Other reasons for the differences include
A)less access to medical technology in Canada.
B)the hub-and-spoke hospital system in Canada.
C)the monopsony power of the Canadian provincial health plans in negotiating fees with physicians' associations.
D)the fact that there is no large inner-city population in Canada to drive up costs.
E)all of the above.
Q2) The strengths of the British National Health System include
A)GP shareholders running their practices like U.S.HMOs.
B)the ability of critically-ill patients to jump to the top of slow moving waiting lists for life-saving treatment.
C)the low cost of the NHS relative to the U.S.system.
D)the opportunities for foreign-trained physicians and nurses to practice in Britain.
E)all of the above are strengths.
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