Health Physics Practice
Questions
Course Introduction
Health Physics is an interdisciplinary field focused on the protection of people and the environment from potential hazards posed by ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. This course introduces fundamental concepts such as the nature and properties of radiation, radiation sources, units of measurement, and interactions with matter. Students will explore biological effects of radiation exposure, principles of radiation detection and measurement, and the design and implementation of safety controls in medical, industrial, and research settings. Emphasis is placed on regulatory guidelines, risk assessment, and best practices for minimizing occupational and public exposure. By the end of the course, students gain a solid understanding of radiation protection principles and the practical skills needed to work safely with radioactive materials and devices.
Recommended Textbook
Computed Tomography Physical Principles Clinical Applications and Quality Control 3rd Edition
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Chapter 1: Computed Tomography: An Overview
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Q1) Computed tomography is not well established in the study of diseases of the central nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Who developed the first whole-body computed tomography scanner?
A)Ledley
B)Kuhl
C)Cormack and Hounsfield
D)Oldendorf
Answer: A
Q3) Ambrose received the Nobel Prize in 1979 with Hounsfield.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) In 1996, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved real-time computed tomography fluoroscopy as a clinical tool for use in radiology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Computers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sixteen binary bits (two bytes) equal a word.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Computer memory capacity is expressed in all of the following, except:
A)megabytes (MB)
B)gigabytes (GB)
C)terabytes (TB)
D)megagram (MG)
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following can damage a computer program without the user knowing about it?
A)viruses
B)expert systems
C)the use of incorrect syntax
D)the Internet
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Digital Image Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The least complicated and most frequently used image processing technique is the:
A)point operation
B)local operation
C)global operation
D)geometric operation
Answer: A
Q2) The Fourier transform is used to transform one image domain into another image domain.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) A radiograph is an example of an analog image.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) A digital image is a discrete function.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Physical Principles of Computed Tomography
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Q1) The window width controls the image contrast and the window level controls the image brightness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following obeys Lambert Beer's law?
A)a homogeneous beam of radiation
B)a heterogeneous beam of radiation
C)a polyenergetic beam of radiation
D)a polychromatic beam of radiation
Q3) Which of the following is not true of a homogeneous beam of radiation?
A)all the photons have different energies
B)all the photons have the same energy
C)equal thicknesses of the absorber remove equal amounts of radiation
D)equal thicknesses of the absorber remove different amounts of radiation
Q4) Conversion of the attenuation readings into a computed tomography image is accomplished by reconstruction algorithms.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Data Acquisition Concepts
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Q1) Multirow computed tomography detectors fall into two categories, namely, matrix array detectors and pixel array detectors.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The scanner that uses an electron gun to "shoot" electrons toward a target ring is the:
A)fifth-generation scanner
B)fourth-generation scanner
C)third-generation scanner
D)spiral/helical scanner
Q3) Ionization detector
A)Data acquisition system
B)Flashes of light
C)Beam hardening
D)Xenon gas
E)Slice thickness
F)Photodiode
G)Continuous gantry rotation
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Chapter 6: Image Reconstruction
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Q1) The basic problem with the back-projection algorithm is: I. the image is blurred and not useful
II. it compares assumptions with measured values
III. the image suffers from the star pattern artifact
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) Which of the following reconstruction algorithms was used by Hounsfield in his original experiments?
A)back projection
B)algebraic reconstruction technique
C)Fourier transform
D)filtered back projection
Q3) The signals that leave the computed tomography detectors are subject to preprocessing.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Basic Instrumentation
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Q1) The x-ray generator for computed tomography scanners is usually a:
A)single-phase, half-wave rectified unit
B)high-frequency unit
C)three-phase, six-pulse generator
D)three-phase, 12-pulse generator
Q2) Software modules for computed tomography scanners are intended to: I. facilitate modification of existing packages
II. update existing software
III. revise existing software
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) All of the following are examples of image visualization and analysis software tools except:
A)computed tomography view
B)multiplanar reformation
C)MasterCut
D)liquid crystal display
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Chapter 8: Image Postprocessing and Visualization Tools
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Q1) The window level in computed tomography is the:
A)center of a range of computed tomography numbers
B)pixel depth
C)range of computed tomography numbers
D)center of the computed tomography matrix
Q2) Windowing is the most common image processing technique in computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Multiplanar reconstruction creates three-dimensional images from the transaxial data set.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When the window length is centered on the lungs, the image display is optimized for the lungs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A narrow window width implies that the transition from black to white will take place over a wide range of computed tomography numbers.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Image Quality
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Q1) What is an indication of a computed tomography system's ability to freeze motions of the scanned object?
A)high-contrast resolution
B)low-contrast resolution
C)spatial resolution
D)temporal resolution
Q2) What is the most straightforward way to reduce or eliminate the motion of an object?
A)increase scan speed
B)decrease scan speed
C)increase slice thickness
D)decrease slice thickness
Q3) Cross-plane spatial resolution is traditionally described by the:
A)shallow angled slice ramp
B)slice-sensitivity profile
C)Cat phan phantom
D)full-width-at-half-max
Q4) Linearity can be checked by a yearly calibration test.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Examples of stochastic effects include:
I. cancer
II. leukemia
III. hereditary effects
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) gray
A)old unit of effective dose
B)conventional unit of exposure
C)old unit of absorbed dose
D)SI unit of effective dose
E)SI unit of absorbed dose
Q3) The radiation quantity exposure refers to the concentration of radiation at a particular point on the patient.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Single-Slice Spiralhelical Computed
Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) The reconstruction increment is also referred to as:
I. the reconstruction interval
II. reconstruction spacing
III. the reconstruction model
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) The x-ray tube and detectors are able to rotate continuously during data collection as a result of slip-ring technology.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Table increment and pitch are directly proportional.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The first step in volume scanning is analog to digital conversion.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Multislice Spiralhelical Computed Tomography:
Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) The computed tomography detector consists of:
I. radiation sensors
II. suitable electronics
III. slip rings
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) The computer systems of multislice computed tomography scanners have hardware that provides all of the following except:
A)high speed processing
B)image communication
C)image reconstruction
D)postprocessing operations
Q3) The photodiodes convert _________ into ________.
A)light; x-ray photons
B)x-ray photons; light
C)light; electrical signals
D)electric signals; light
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Chapter 13: Other Technical Applications of Computed
Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles
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Q1) Computed tomography screening
A)Used in radiation oncology departments
B)Used to measure bone mineral density
C)Imaging of vascular structures with the use of intravenous contrast
D)Real-time computed tomography
E)Used to image critically ill patients
F)Used to image asymptomatic patients
Q2) Which volume-rendering parameter refers to the degree that structures close to the user obscure structures that are farther away?
A)accuracy
B)brightness
C)opacity
D)windowing
Q3) During data acquisition in computed tomography fluoroscopy, the patient remains stationary.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A virtual simulator is hardware that recreates the treatment machine.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography:
Basic Concepts
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Q1) The generation of a three-dimensional object by using computer software is called:
A)lighting
B)modeling
C)rendering
D)shading
Q2) Computer-aided diagnosis helps the observer view three-dimensional space by displaying the front, back, top, and bottom of an object.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which algorithm provides a valuable perspective in defining lesions for surgical planning or detecting subtle small airway diseases?
A)average intensity projection
B)maximum intensity projection
C)minimum intensity projection
D)total intensity projection
Q4) Describe the role of the radiological technologist in three-dimensional computed tomography imaging.
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Chapter 15: Virtual Reality Imaging
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Q1) Preprocessing involves the use of all of the following except:
A)classification
B)delineation
C)image segmentation
D)noise-filtering algorithms
Q2) In the semiautomatic mode of __________ the user selects objects to include the data set through the use of windowing.
A)three-dimensional rendering
B)image segmentation
C)surface rendering
D)volume extraction
Q3) The following factors must be considered before the use of virtual endoscopy becomes commonplace except:
A)it must be better than real endoscopy
B)it must be accepted by the public
C)it must reduce patient dose
D)radiologists must be well versed in interpreting normal versus abnormal features of anatomy being investigated
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Chapter 16: Positron Emission Tomographycomputed
Tomography Scanners
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Q1) The most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomographic imaging is:
A)(<sup>15</sup>O carbon monoxide)
B)(<sup>13</sup>N ammonia)
C)(<sup>11</sup>C methionine)
D)(<sup>18</sup>F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG))
Q2) One approach to reducing scatter includes introducing __________ between detection rings.
A)antiscatter grids
B)filtration
C)absorbing septa
D)scatter shields
Q3) The use of contrast media in computed tomography can lead to artifacts in the reconstructed positron emission tomography data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A positron has the same mass as an electron but has a positive rather than a negative charge.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Computed Tomography of the Head, Cerebral Vessels,
Neck, and Spine
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Q1) Computed tomography has largely replaced plain films of the cervical spine in cases of trauma.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A standard dose of contrast is administered for each type of examination on the basis of the patient's weight, up to a maximum.
A)True
B)False
Q3) To ensure that no life-threatening condition exists, the first examination performed should be:
A)computed tomographic angiography of the thoracic aorta
B)computed tomographic angiography of the neck vessels
C)computed tomographic scan of the chest
D)computed tomographic scan of the head without contrast
Q4) Sinus disease is not well demonstrated by computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Sagittal sections are helpful in evaluating midline structures.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Computed Tomography of the Body
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Q1) Proper use of intravenous contrast is not important for detecting masses in the liver.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Computed tomography is superior to magnetic resonance imaging for most clinical indications of the chest and abdomen.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A triphase study of the liver includes all of the following except:
A)arterial phase
B)delayed phase
C)preinjection phase
D)venous phase
Q4) Computed tomography of the lungs is useful in diagnosing the following abnormalities except:
A)granulomas
B)lymphangitic carcinomas
C)pleurisy
D)pulmonary embolism
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Chapter 19: Pediatric Computed Tomography
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Q1) Imaging of the head and spine in children depends on all of the following expect:
A)age of the child
B)clinical indication
C)medical condition
D)medical insurance coverage
Q2) The principal duty of the technologist is to ensure that the examination is:
I. done accurately
II. done quickly
III. done safely
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Any syndrome or condition with a respiratory risk should be recorded and brought to the attention of the radiologist before sedation is given.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Quality Control for Computed Tomography
Scanners
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Q1) A possible cause of failure for the high-contrast resolution quality control test is that of an enlarged focal spot in the x-ray tube.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A measurement of a computed tomography scanner's performance to ensure the scanner is operating at an acceptable level describes:
A)quality administration
B)quality assurance
C)quality control
D)quality maintenance
Q3) In quality control, steps are taken to correct problems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Quality control tests, test results, and interpretation of test results should be:
A)recorded in a quality control logbook
B)recorded on pieces of paper
C)recorded on the bulletin board beside the computed tomography scanner
D)recorded in the positioning notebook of the technologist
Page 22
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