Health Physics in Medical Imaging
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Health Physics in Medical Imaging explores the fundamental principles of radiation physics and their application in medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The course covers topics such as the interaction of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation with human tissue, radiation protection standards, dosimetry, risk assessment, and regulatory guidelines relevant to medical imaging environments. Students learn about the safe and effective use of X-rays, CT scans, nuclear medicine, and other imaging modalities, with a focus on minimizing exposure to patients and healthcare workers while ensuring high-quality diagnostic outcomes. Practical aspects of radiation safety management, quality control, and the role of health physicists in clinical settings are also discussed.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition by Statkiewicz Sherer
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Q1) The advantages of the BERT method are
1)it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2)it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment.
3)it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Answer: D
Q2) Radiology departments or individual radiologic technologists can "pledge" to image gently.The pledge includes which of the following?
1)Make the image gently message a priority in staff communications each year.
2)Review the protocol recommendations and,when necessary,implement adjustments to practice processes.
3)Communicate openly with parents.
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
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Q1) What is the total average annual radiation equivalent dose for estimated levels of radiation exposure for humans?
A)2.0 mSv
B)3.2 mSv
C)6.3 mSv
D)9.6 mSv
Answer: C
Q2) What is the most common unit of measure of equivalent dose?
A)Coulomb per kilogram
B)Milligray
C)Millisievert
D)Microsievert
Answer: C
Q3) What is the latent period for most radiation-induced cancers?
A)1 year
B)5 years
C)7 years
D)15 years or more
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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Q1) In photoelectric absorption to dislodge an inner-shell electron from its atomic orbit,the incoming x-ray photon must be able to transfer a quantity of energy
A)less than the energy that holds the atom together.
B)10 times as great as the energy that holds the atom together.
C)as large as or larger than the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit.
D)equal to or greater than 1.022 MeV,regardless of the energy that holds the electron in its orbit.
Answer: C
Q2) X-rays are carriers of A)disease.
B)electrons.
C)fluorescent properties that make them visible.
D)manmade electromagnetic energy.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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Q1) Who discovered x-rays on November 8,1895?
A)Thomas A.Edison
B)Clarence Madison Dally
C)Louis Harold Gray
D)Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Q2) Cataract formation,fibrosis,reduced fertility and sterility are classified as
A)early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
B)late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
C)hereditary effects of ionizing radiation.
D)stochastic effects of ionizing radiation.
Q3) Which of the following formulas is used to calculate effective dose?
1)EfD = (D × WR) + (D × WR) + (D × WR)
2)EfD = D × WR × WT
3)EfD = D ÷ WR × WT
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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Q1) An ionization chamber connected to an electrometer is a device that can measure
A)electromagnetic force.
B)tiny electric currents with high precision and accuracy.
C)potential difference.
D)Voltage in an x-ray machine circuit.
Q2) Which component(s)of the Geiger-Muller survey meter alerts the operator to the presence of ionizing radiation?
A)The shield covering the probe's sensitivity chamber
B)An audio amplifier and speaker
C)The metal that encloses the counter's gas-filled tube
D)The meter scale
Q3) Whenever the letter "M" appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report,it signifies that a (an)
A)mistake has been made in recording the equivalent dose.
B)equivalent dose higher than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
C)equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
D)maximal equivalent dose has been exceeded during that time.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Q1) During which of the following subphases of mitosis do the centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell and begin to regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle?
A)Anaphase
B)Metaphase
C)Prophase
D)Telophase
Q2) Which of the following serves as a prototype for messenger RNA (mRNA)?
A)Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
B)Nitric acid (HNO )
C)Potassium (K)and sodium (Na)
D)Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Q3) In the human body mineral salts are necessary for 1)proper cell function.
2)creation of energy.
3)conduction of impulses along nerves.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Q1) A biologic reaction is produced by 4 Gyt of a test radiation.It takes 16 Gyt of 250-kVp x-rays to produce the same biologic reaction.What is the relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)of the test radiation?
A)2
B)4
C)8
D)12
Q2) The radiation dose required to produce mitotic death is A)less than the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells or nondividing cells.
B)more than the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells or nondividing cells.
C)the same as the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells or nondividing cells.
D)nonexistent because mitotic death cannot be produced in slowly dividing cells or nondividing cells as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.
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9
Chapter 8: Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
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Q1) Which of the following is not a form of acute radiation syndrome?
A)Carcinogenic syndrome
B)Hematopoietic syndrome
C)Gastrointestinal syndrome
D)Cerebrovascular syndrome
Q2) The prodromal stage of acute radiation syndrome is actually the A)initial stage.
B)latent period.
C)manifest illness period.
D)recovery period.
Q3) Research has shown that repeated radiation injuries have a A)cumulative effect.
B)quadratic effect.
C)sigmoidal effect.
D)threshold effect.
Q4) The hematopoietic form of acute radiation syndrome is also called the A)Auger syndrome.
B)bone marrow syndrome.
C)cerebrovascular syndrome.
D)cytogenetic syndrome.
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Chapter 9: Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
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Q1) To assess the magnitude and severity of late effects on the exposed population from the 1986 nuclear power station accident at Chernobyl
A)follow-up is not necessary because the radiation received by the entire exposed population was fatal.
B)minimal follow-up is only necessary because the exposed population did not receive sufficient radiation exposure to cause severe late effects.
C)short-term follow-up studies are necessary.
D)long-term follow-up studies are necessary.
Q2) Radium decays with a half-life of
A)8 days.
B)50 years.
C)500 years.
D)1622 years.
Q3) Radiation-induced cataracts in humans follow a ______ dose-response relationship.
A)nonthreshold,nonlinear
B)nonthreshold,linear
C)threshold,linear
D)threshold,nonlinear
11
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Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Q1) The ALARA concept adopts an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between
A)health care education and radiation research.
B)ionizing and nonionizing radiation.
C)ionizing radiation and potential risk.
D)radiation dose and health care spending.
Q2) To provide a low-exposure cut-off level so that regulatory agencies may consider a level of effective dose as being of negligible risk,an annual negligible individual dose (NID)of ________________ per source or practice has been set.
A)0.001 mSv/year
B)0.01 mSv/year
C)0.1 mSv/year
D)1.0 mSv/year
Q3) The effective dose (EfD)limit for the lens of the eye is
A)5 mSv.
B)15 mSv.
C)50 mSv.
D)150 mSv.
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Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Q1) Total filtration of _______________________ for fixed x-ray units operating above 70 kVp is the regulatory standard.
A)1.0-mm aluminum equivalent
B)1.5-mm aluminum equivalent
C)2.0-mm aluminum equivalent
D)2.5-mm aluminum equivalent
Q2) Computed radiography,because of its higher exposure latitude,makes grid use on the pediatric population
A)absolutely necessary for all radiographic examinations.
B)less necessary than was previously believed.
C)necessary only for extremity examinations.
D)unnecessary for any examination.
Q3) When using digital fluoroscopy systems,making use of the last image hold feature can
A)be an effective dose reduction technique.
B)eliminate the need to collimate the primary beam.
C)eliminate the need for body or part immobilization.
D)lead to a 50% reduction of technical exposure factors.
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Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Q1) Which of the following is frequently a problem in diagnostic pediatric radiography?
A)Lack of availability of appropriate pediatric immobilization devices
B)Lack of cooperation of parents or guardian
C)Finding imaging equipment that can accommodate pediatric imaging
D)Patient motion
Q2) According to the U.S.Public Health Service,the genetically significant dose (GSD)for the population of the United States is approximately
A)1.00 mSv.
B)0.80 mSv.
C)0.40 mSv.
D)0.20 mSv.
Q3) Of the following radiologic procedures,which is (are)considered nonessential?
1)A chest x-ray examination automatically scheduled on admission to the hospital
2)Lumbar spine x-ray examination as part of a preemployment physical
3)Whole-body computed tomography (CT)screening
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Special Considerations on Safety in Computed
Tomography and Mammography
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Q1) In spiral image acquisition,the patient table moves during the acquisition so that a A)single-dimension image is obtained.
B)three-dimensional data set is obtained.
C)four-dimensional data set is obtained.
D)six-dimensional data set is obtained.
Q2) In computed tomography the dose at the edge of a beam does not decrease to _________ immediately.
A)15 cGy
B)10 cGy
C)5 cGy
D)0 (zero)
Q3) With higher radiation exposure to the patient during a computed tomography examination,there is
A)a decreased associated cancer risk because the radiation is more penetrating.
B)an increased associated cancer risk.
C)a negligible associated cancer risk because the radiation is less penetrating.
D)an extremely large cancer risk.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During X-Ray Procedures
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Q1) While standing behind the control-booth barrier,a radiographer makes a radiographic exposure.The x-rays scattered from the patient's body should ____________________.
A)not have enough energy remaining that will reach behind the control-booth barrier.
B)scatter only once before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier.
C)scatter a minimum of 2 times before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier.
D)scatter a minimum of 10 times before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier.
Q2) Compared to radiography,diagnostic imaging personnel receive the highest occupational exposure during which of the following procedures?
1)Fluoroscopy
2)Mobile radiography
3)X-ray special procedures
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 15: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Q1) While a patient receiving Iodine-131 (¹³¹I)therapy is hospitalized,a large,_________,rolling lead shield can be positioned between the patient and any attending personnel for protection.
A)up to 25-mm or 1-inch-thick
B)up to 50-mm or 2-inch-thick
C)up to 75-mm or 3-inch-thick
D)up to 150-mm or 6-inch-thick
Q2) Gamma rays differ from x-rays
A)because they are a form of electromagnetic radiation and x-rays are not.
B)because x-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation and gamma rays are not.
C)only in the method of how they are produced.
D)only because they are of much lower energy.
Q3) If enough explosives are used to spread radioactive material over a broad area,then radioactivity is
A)extremely hazardous and may be much higher than background levels.
B)moderately hazardous and may be higher than background levels.
C)slightly hazardous and may be only slightly higher than background levels.
D)diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.
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