Health Physics
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Health Physics is an inter-disciplinary field that explores the protection of people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation while enabling its beneficial uses in medicine, industry, and research. This course covers fundamental principles of radiation physics, sources and types of radiation, biological effects of radiation exposure, radiation detection and measurement techniques, and the design and implementation of safety protocols. Emphasis is placed on regulatory standards, risk assessment, radiation shielding, and best practices in radiation protection within healthcare and occupational settings.
Recommended Textbook Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition by Mary Alice
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15 Chapters
370 Verified Questions
370 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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25 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive from a specific x-ray procedure,the radiographer can
A)respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
B)avoid the patient's question by changing the subject.
C)tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
D)refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with the referring physician.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified?
A)ALARA concept
B)BERT method
C)Diagnostic efficacy
D)NEXT program
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, sources, and Doses Received
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Sample Questions
Q1) When exposed to high radon levels in the home,which of the following groups of people have the highest risk of developing lung cancer?
A)Teenagers
B)Adults from 20 to 30 years of age
C)Nonsmokers
D)Smokers
Answer: D
Q2) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)recommends that action be taken to reduce elevated levels of radon in homes to a concentration less than
A)200 pCi/L.
B)135 pCi/L.
C)47 pCi/L.
D)4 pCi/L.
Answer: D
Q3) Of the two sources of ionizing radiation listed below,which source remains fairly constant from year to year?
A)Manmade
B)Natural
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the process of coherent scattering,an incident low-energy x-ray photon interacts with
A)a single inner-shell electron,ejecting it from its orbit.
B)a single outer-shell electron,ejecting it from its orbit.
C)an atom and may transfer its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to momentarily vibrate and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.
D)a scattered photon of lesser energy,annihilating it.
Answer: C
Q2) The symbol Z indicates
A)atomic number of an atom.
B)atomic weight of an atom.
C)fluorescent yield.
D)the number of vacancies in an atomic shell.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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Sample Questions
Q1) The whole-body TEDE regulatory limit for exposed personnel is _____________ and ______________ for the general public.
A)0.05 Sv;0.001 Sv
B)0.15 Sv;0.015 Sv
C)0.25 Sv;0.025 Sv
D)0.5 Sv;0.1 Sv
Q2) Cataract formation,fibrosis,reduced fertility and sterility are classified as
A)early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
B)late tissue reactions of ionizing radiation.
C)hereditary effects of ionizing radiation.
D)stochastic effects of ionizing radiation.
Q3) Which of the following is the SI unit of electric current?
A)Ampere
B)Coulomb per kilogram
C)Erg
D)Sievert
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Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following,which are disadvantages of using pocket ionization chambers as personnel dosimeters?
1)They can discharge if they are subjected to mechanical shock.
2)Because these devices provide no permanent legal record of exposure,health care facilities that use this method to record personnel exposure must delegate someone to keep such a record.
3)If not read each day,the dosimeter may give an inaccurate reading because the electric charge tends to escape.
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q2) An ionization chamber connected to an electrometer is a device that can measure A)electromagnetic force.
B)tiny electric currents with high precision and accuracy.
C)potential difference.
D)Voltage in an x-ray machine circuit.
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Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fraternal twins may also be referred to as
A)dizygotic twins.
B)monozygotic twins.
C)polyzygotic twins.
D)trizygotic twins.
Q2) Which of the following are major tasks of the cytoplasm?
1)Accepts and builds up unrefined materials and assembles from these materials new substances such as carbohydrates,lipids,and proteins.
2)Breaks down organic materials to produce energy.
3)Packages substances for distribution to other areas of the cell or to various sites in the body through the circulation.
4)Eliminates waste products.
A)1,2,and 3 only
B)1,3,and 4 only
C)2,3,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4
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8
Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The radiosensitivity of ova
A)remains constant throughout the lifetime of the germ cell.
B)varies considerably throughout the lifetime of the germ cell.
C)varies slightly throughout the lifetime of the germ cell.
D)is insignificant because the germ cell is not radiosensitive.
Q2) A biologic reaction is produced by 4 Gyt of a test radiation.It takes 16 Gyt of 250-kVp x-rays to produce the same biologic reaction.What is the relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)of the test radiation?
A)2
B)4
C)8
D)12
Q3) Because the genetic information to be passed on to future generations is contained in the strict sequence of nitrogenous bases,the loss or change of a base in the DNA chain represents a (an)
A)aneuploidy.
B)bleb.
C)covalent cross-link.
D)mutation.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) For persons with hematopoietic syndrome,survival time shortens as the radiation dose
A)decreases.
B)increases.
C)remains the same.
D)there is no survival time for persons with the hematopoietic syndrome.
Q2) Some local tissues suffer immediate consequences from high radiation doses.Examples of such tissues include 1)bone marrow.
2)male and female reproductive organs.
3)skin.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q3) A term that is synonymous with epilation is A)alopecia.
B)atrophy.
C)desquamation.
D)radiodermatitis.
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Chapter 9: Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following human populations is the risk for causing a radiation-induced cancer not directly measurable?
1)All patients in diagnostic radiology subjected to a radiation dose below 0.1 Sv
2)Chernobyl radiation accident victims living in contaminated villages
3)Atomic bomb survivors
A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)2 and 3 only
Q2) Existing data on radiation-induced genetic effects in humans
A)prove conclusively that radiation causes major genetic effects.
B)prove conclusively that radiation causes only minor genetic effects.
C)are both contradictory and inconclusive.
D)prove conclusively that radiation does not cause genetic effects.
Q3) Radium decays with a half-life of A)8 days.
B)50 years.
C)500 years.
D)1622 years.
11
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Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups is run by the government of Japan,primarily to study Japanese atomic bomb survivors?
A)National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
B)International Commission on Radiological Protection
C)Radiation Effects Research Foundation
D)Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Q2) The effective dose (EfD)limit for the lens of the eye is
A)5 mSv.
B)15 mSv.
C)50 mSv.
D)150 mSv.
Q3) If a certain dose of radiation produces a skin burn,a higher dose of radiation will cause the skin burn to be more severe;however,a dose below the threshold level for skin burn will
A)demonstrate this effect to a much greater degree.
B)demonstrate this effect to moderate degree.
C)demonstrate this effect to a lesser degree.
D)not demonstrate the effect.
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Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Depending on the area of the body being examined with a fluoroscopic image intensification system,a range of ___________ kVp is generally used for adult patients.
A)30 to 60
B)60 to 75
C)75 to 110
D)110 to 140
Q2) During a fluoroscopic examination,a resettable cumulative timing device measures the x-ray beam-on time and sounds an audible alarm or in some cases temporarily interrupts the exposure after the fluoroscope has been activated for what length of time?
A)1 minute
B)3 minutes
C)5 minutes
D)10 minutes
Q3) Which of the following is not an x-ray beam limitation device?
A)Cone
B)Collimator
C)Filter
D)Extension cylinder
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neglecting to use standardized technique charts necessitates estimating the technical exposure factors,which may result in 1)poor-quality images.
2)repeat examinations.
3)additional and unnecessary exposure of the patient.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q2) Radiographers must limit the patient's exposure to ionizing radiation by 1)employing appropriate radiation reduction techniques.
2)using protective devices that minimize radiation exposure.
3)selecting radiographic exposures factors that only use low kVp and high mAs
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 13: Special Considerations on Safety in Computed
Tomography and Mammography
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Sample Questions
Q1) In spiral image acquisition,the patient table moves during the acquisition so that a
A)single-dimension image is obtained.
B)three-dimensional data set is obtained.
C)four-dimensional data set is obtained.
D)six-dimensional data set is obtained.
Q2) Which of the following terms are synonymous in relation to computed tomography?
1)Diagonal
2)Helical
3)Spiral
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q3) For routine head and body computed tomography examinations,effective doses fall into which of the following effective dose ranges?
A)1 to 10 mSv
B)20 to 30 mSv
C)40 to 50 mSv
D)60 to 70 mSv
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Chapter 14: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part(s)of a diagnostic x-ray unit should not be touched while a radiographic exposure is in progress?
A)Control panel
B)Exposure switch
C)Radiographic table
D)Tube housing,collimator,and high-tension cables
Q2) While standing behind the control-booth barrier,a radiographer makes a radiographic exposure.The x-rays scattered from the patient's body should ____________________.
A)not have enough energy remaining that will reach behind the control-booth barrier.
B)scatter only once before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier.
C)scatter a minimum of 2 times before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier.
D)scatter a minimum of 10 times before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier.
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16
Chapter 15: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) If enough explosives are used to spread radioactive material over a broad area,then radioactivity is
A)extremely hazardous and may be much higher than background levels.
B)moderately hazardous and may be higher than background levels.
C)slightly hazardous and may be only slightly higher than background levels.
D)diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.
Q2) Radioiodide tablets that dissolve in the bloodstream permit an escape of some radioactivity through 1)the pores of the skin.
2)urination.
3)vomiting in some special cases.
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q3) Gamma rays differ from x-rays
A)because they are a form of electromagnetic radiation and x-rays are not.
B)because x-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation and gamma rays are not.
C)only in the method of how they are produced.
D)only because they are of much lower energy.
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