Health Education and Promotion
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Health Education and Promotion explores the theories, methods, and applications of educating individuals and communities about health behaviors and lifestyle choices that promote wellness and prevent disease. The course covers the fundamentals of health communication, needs assessment, planning and implementing effective health education strategies, and evaluating health promotion programs. Students are introduced to diverse determinants of health, behavior change theories, and the roles of health educators in various settings. Emphasis is placed on skills development for culturally competent practice, community engagement, and advocating for healthy public policies.
Recommended Textbook
Primary Preventive Dentistry 8th Edition by Norman O. Harris
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28 Chapters
276 Verified Questions
276 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Primary Preventive Dentistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are aspects of primary prevention?
A)Professional oral assessment
B)Patient's plaque control
C)Community water fluoridation
D)All of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Both dental caries and periodontitis are the result of a prolonged presence of plaque and in most cases,both diseases can be prevented by plaque-control regimens.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)First statement is true,second statement is false.
D)First statement is false,second statement is true.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is NOT considered a category of dental disease?
A)Dental caries/periodontitis
B)Acquired oral conditions
C)Craniofacial disorders
D)None of the above
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Cultural Health Influences
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a legal perspective,cultural competence can help to avoid:
A)Liability
B)Malpractice claims
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above,cultural competence has no effect on legal matters
Answer: C
Q2) Which is the BEST way to pursue cultural competency for a lifetime?
A)Legal school
B)Continuing education
C)Understanding one's self
D)Competency education
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is projected to have to slowest population growth through the year 2050?
A)Hispanic
B)White,non-Hispanic
C)Asian
D)Black
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Dental Hygiene Science
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8 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately how much time do the authors allow for the diagnosis,planning,and implementation of dental hygiene treatment?
A)10
B)15
C)30
D)40
Answer: C
Q2) What serves as the basis for determining whether the treatment was successful or if adjunct therapy is warranted?
A)Recall visits
B)Evaluation
C)Periodontal pocket depths
D)Patient opinion
Answer: B
Q3) In which dental hygiene process phase does treatment begin?
A)Implementation phase
B)Treatment phase
C)Assessment phase
D)Evaluation phase
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Dental Plaque Biofilm
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Sample Questions
Q1) In dental plaque metabolism,after the microorganism is exposed to sucrose,they produce:
A)Acid
B)Intracellular polysaccharides
C)Extracellular polysaccharides
D)All of the above
Q2) What factors may affect the onset of periodontal diseases?
A)Plaque
B)Host defense mechanisms
C)Exogenous antimicrobial agents
D)All of the above
Q3) Pyrophosphates decrease the formation of which of the following?
A)Plaque
B)Calculus
C)Early carious lesions
D)Gingivitis
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6
Chapter 5: Carious Lesions
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Sample Questions
Q1) For dental caries to develop which conditions,must occur simultaneously?
A)There must be a susceptible tooth and host.
B)Cariogenic microorganisms must be present in a sufficient quantity.
C)There must be frequent oral consumption of refined sugars.
D)Both A and B.
E)All of the above.
Q2) Which areas can carious lesions occur?
A)Gingival margin
B)Periodontal dentin ligament
C)Pit and fissures
D)Gingival sulcus
Q3) Though food types are important in producing a cariogenic (low pH)environment,frequent in-between-meal snacks and drinks can maintain a low pH environment throughout the day,which shifts the demineralization/remineralization continuum toward caries formation.
A)First statement is true,second statement is false.
B)First statement is false,second statement is true.
C)Both statements are true.
D)Both statements are false.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Periodontal Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gingival crevicular fluid is an exudate.It contains many cells and proteins.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)First statement is true,second statement is false.
D)First statement is false,second statement is true.
Q2) The specific plaque hypothesis attributes periodontal diseases to specific,although NOT known,bacteria.It also states that all individuals are equally susceptible to periodontal disease.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)First statement is true,second statement is false.
D)First statement is false,second statement is true.
Q3) How many different species of bacteria are estimated to inhabit the oral cavity?
A)100-200
B)100-300
C)300-500
D)400-500
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Chapter 7: Oral Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors determines the stage of cancer?
A)Size
B)Involvement of lymph nodes
C)Presence or absence of distant metastasis
D)All of the above
Q2) Which of the following can be complications from irradiation?
A)Xerostomia
B)Altered taste
C)Osteoradionecrosis
D)All of the above
Q3) Which of the following factors affects a patient's prognosis?
A)Grading
B)Staging
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
Q4) Which of the following should be included in tobacco assessment?
A)Amount used
B)Frequency/duration used
C)Previous quit attempts
D)All of the above
9
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Chapter 8: Dental Trauma
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once a tooth has been placed back in a patient's mouth,what type of splint should be used?
A)Very rigid
B)Flexible
C)Across the occlusal surface
D)Pushing on the gingiva
Q2) Tap water is the favored storage media for an avulsed tooth because of its low osmolality.
A)Both the statement and the reason are true.
B)Both the statement and the reason are false.
C)Statement is true but reason is false.
D)Statement is false but reason is true.
Q3) MOST often,discolored primary teeth will need which of the following treatments?
A)Conservative monitoring
B)Immediate extraction
C)Root canal therapy
D)Bleaching
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Chapter 9: Host Defense Mechanisms in the Oral Cavity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The blood has a system of granulocytes to find and attack foreign invaders.Granulocytes include which of the following EXCEPT:
A)Neutrophils
B)Candida albicans
C)Macrophages
D)Basophils
Q2) Cementum is the hardest substance in the human body,harder than cortical bone.Enamel is composed of fluorapatite.
A)First statement is true,second statement is false.
B)First statement is false,second statement is true.
C)Both statements are true.
D)Both statements are false.
Q3) To control acid in plaque,protective ions are increased and damage is controlled through dilution and chemical buffering.Saliva acts as a strong buffer for the acidic plaque.
A)First statement is true,second statement is false.
B)First statement is false,second statement is true.
C)Both statements are true.
D)Both statements are false.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Toothbrushes and Toothbrushing Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) The scrub toothbrushing technique uses which movements?
A)Horizontal strokes
B)Vertical strokes
C)Circular strokes
D)All of the above
Q2) ________ is a term used to describe the heat treatment in which each filament end is sealed and rounded.
A)End rounding
B)Angled filaments
C)Texturing
D)Heating
Q3) The ________ is MOST appropriate for children whose dexterity is NOT sufficient to master the Bass technique.
A)Rolling technique
B)Bass technique
C)Horizontal technique
D)Stillman method
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12
Chapter 11: Dentifrices,Mouthrinses,and Chewing Gums
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)has had a long history of use as an oral-hygiene aid.The uses for these oral-hygiene aids include fighting plaque,gingivitis reduction,stain-removal,and odor-reducing efficacy.
A)First statement is true,second statement is false.
B)First statement is false,second statement is true.
C)Both statements are true.
D)Both statements are false.
Q2) Important characteristics that lead to public acceptance of a dentifrice are:
A)Flavor,smell,color,and consistency
B)Flavor,smell,and texture
C)Smell,color,and consistency
D)Flavor,smell,texture,and consistency
Q3) Abrasion can occur from toothbrushing.Toothbrush abrasion usually appears as a V-shaped notch in the cementum apical to the cementoenamel junction.
A)First statement is true,second statement is false.
B)First statement is false,second statement is true.
C)Both statements are true.
D)Both statements are false.
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13
Chapter 12: Self-Care Adjuncts
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Sample Questions
Q1) What oral hygiene product is recommended for Type II and III embrasures?
A)Floss threaders
B)Floss picks
C)Interdental brushes
D)Rubber tip stimulator
Q2) What is defined as an unpleasant breath emanating from the oral cavity,regardless of its origin?
A)Periodontal disease
B)Sour breath
C)Halitosis
D)Sweet breath
Q3) What oral-hygiene aid is used primarily for gingival massage and recontouring of gingival papilla after periodontal therapy?
A)End-tuft brush
B)Toothpick holder
C)Sulca brush
D)Rubber tip stimulator
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Chapter 13: Implant and Denture Self Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Candidiasis appears as raised,white patches on the mucosa and can be painful.The patches can be scraped off revealing healthy mucosa.
A)First statement is true,second statement is false.
B)First statement is false,second statement is true.
C)Both statements are true.
D)Both statements are false.
Q2) Success or failure of implants depends on many factors;however,use of bisphosphonates,osteoporosis,patients who smoke and immunosuppressed patients are NOT considered factors that may contraindicate implant selection.
A)First statement is true,second statement is false.
B)First statement is false,.second statement is true.
C)Both statements are true.
D)Both statements are false.
Q3) The endosseous dental implant includes which component?
A)Implant body
B)Abutment
C)Superstructure
D)All of the above
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15
Chapter 14: Community Water Fluoridation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What compound was the FIRST used in controlled water fluoridation programs and is still used in smaller communities?
A)Stannous fluoride
B)Neutral fluoride
C)Sodium silicofluroide
D)Sodium fluoride
Q2) What type of fluoridation uses milk as a vehicle for fluoride delivery?
A)Milk fluoridation
B)Yogurt fluoridation
C)Cheese fluoridation
D)Salt fluoridation
Q3) What occurs when an excess amount of fluoride is added to the drinking water over several days,usually secondary to an overfeed from malfunctioning equipment or maintenance errors?
A)Hypofluoridation
B)Hyperfluoridation
C)Excessive fluorosis
D)Community fluoridation
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16
Chapter 15: Topical Fluoride Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fluoride rinses have a place as a component of a preventative program and can be substituted for other modalities of fluoride use.Fluoride rinses are used mainly for patients with a high risk of contracting caries.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)First statement is true,second statement is false.
D)First statement is false,second statement is true.
Q2) When is fluoride recommended for newly erupted teeth?
A)12 months
B)16 months
C)2 years
D)3 years
Q3) If fluoride is ingested,what can occur?
A)Nausea and vomiting
B)Hives
C)Feverish chills
D)Numbness of the oral mucosa
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Chapter 16: Dental Sealants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is NOT a barrier to the placement of sealants?
A)Legal restrictions on dental providers
B)Patient's cost
C)Shortage of dentists accepting Medicaid
D)Lack of consumer knowledge
Q2) Where do the majority of caries occur in the oral cavity?
A)Occlusal surfaces
B)Interproximally
C)Areas of recession
D)Incisal edges
Q3) What is the cost difference in placing a sealant versus a restoration?
A)Costs are equal
B).5 times more
C)1.3 times more
D)1.6 times more
Q4) When is the BEST time to place a sealant?
A)Once all the permanent molars have erupted
B)As the permanent dentition erupts
C)When the child begins consuming sugars
D)If the child begins to develop caries
18
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Chapter 17: Nutrition,Diet,and Associated Oral Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients diagnosed with this illness are at a greater risk for developing oral infections and periodontal disease.
A)Hypertension
B)Diabetes
C)Hyperthyroidism
D)Bronchitis
Q2) Which is a sign of B-complex vitamin deficiencies?
A)Enlarged papilla
B)Recession
C)Cracks in the corners of the mouth
D)Aphthous ulcers
Q3) What deficiency presents itself in the oral cavity as pallor of oral tissues,especially the tongue?
A)Malnutrition
B)Unmet caloric needs
C)Iron deficiency
D)Vitamin B deficiency
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Chapter 18: Sugar and Other Sweeteners
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Sample Questions
Q1) When someone has this particular condition they experience nausea and vomiting,and sweat excessively after consuming fructose.What is the condition known as?
A)Diabetes
B)Hypoglycemia
C)Hereditary fructose intolerance
D)Food allergies
Q2) Which are NOT uses of sucrose sugar?
A)Anticaries agent
B)Sweetening agent
C)Carmelization/color agent
D)Flavor blender and modifier
Q3) In addition to sugars,what other agents can be cariogenic?
A)Carbohydrates
B)Fibrous meats
C)Enzymes
D)Vegetables
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Chapter 19: Health Education and Promotion Theories
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Q1) What focuses on the patients' readiness to learn and change,and helps engage patients to motivate them to progress along the stages of the model?
A)Motivation
B)Motivational interviewing
C)Personal opinion
D)Values
Q2) Which of the following is a key point in learning?
A)Self-efficacy
B)Relevance
C)Stressors
D)Determination
Q3) What does learning consist of?
A)Motivation
B)Retention of knowledge
C)Reinforcement of knowledge
D)All of the above
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21
Chapter 20: Tobacco Cessation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Second-hand smoke exposes the non-smoker to more chemicals than the smoker.How much worse are these chemicals?
A)25 fold
B)50 fold
C)100 fold
D)125 fold
Q2) Patients who smoke are more likely to present with what periodontal condition?
A)Healthy tissue
B)Gingivitis
C)Early periodontal disease
D)Moderate to advanced periodontal disease
Q3) What does smokeless tobacco diffuse through?
A)Saliva
B)Mucous membrane
C)Tongue
D)Salivary glands
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Chapter 21: Athletic Mouthguards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is defined as a removable oral appliance that protects the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity and brain during contact sports?
A)Athletic mouthguard
B)Occlusal night guard
C)Retainer
D)Oral splint
Q2) Who were the FIRST athletes to use mouthguards?
A)Football players
B)Soccer players
C)Boxers
D)Hockey players
Q3) Which professional sports league does NOT require the use of mouthguards?
A)NBA
B)MLB
C)NFL
D)NHL
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Chapter 22: Technological Advances in Primary Dental Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) When was the Human Genome Project completed?
A)2003
B)2004
C)2005
D)2006
Q2) How many chromosomes does DNA have?
A)20
B)26
C)22
D)24
Q3) When taking dental histories,it is important to gather information on both parents' and siblings' history of caries.This should be done in addition to evaluating nutritional and oral hygiene habits.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)First statement is true,second statement is false.
D)First statement is false,second statement is true.
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Pregnancy and Infancy
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Q1) It is recommended that pregnant women NOT be reclined during dental appointments.What is the reasoning for this?
A)Patient comfort
B)Increased pressure on the fetus
C)Difficulty breathing for the mother
D)All of the above
Q2) When should the child's FIRST visit to the dentist occur?
A)0-6 months
B)6 months-1 year
C)1-2 years
D)2-3 years
Q3) When completing the interview process for a child's first visit what are some areas to inquire about?
A)Social activities,speech,and feeding history
B)Feeding history,medical history,and social activities
C)Growth and development,siblings,and family dental history
D)Growth and development,feeding history,medical history
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Chapter 24: Pediatrics
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Q1) Which is NOT a reason why parents play an important role in their child's dental health care?
A)Supervision of oral health care
B)Scheduling dental visits
C)Monitoring diet
D)Staying in the room during the cleaning
Q2) Which are NOT typical groups that are formed during the childhood stage?
A)Clubs
B)Play groups
C)Sports
D)Gangs
Q3) At what stage does motor development become much smoother and more coordinated?
A)Infancy
B)Early childhood
C)Childhood
D)Adolescence
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Chapter 25: Adult Dental Care
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Q1) Cancer patients who receive chemotherapy and/or radiation can experience which of the following?
A)Oral irritation or ulcers
B)Rampant decay
C)Loss of salivary function
D)All of the above
Q2) At what stage of life are patients more aware of the importance of good oral health?
A)Adolescence
B)Young adulthood
C)Female adulthood
D)Male adulthood
Q3) What percentage of the population reports having had an oral cancer-screening exam?
A)14%
B)9%
C)31%
D)22%
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Chapter 26: Geriatrics
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Q1) Oral disease can affect patients in other areas of the body.Which area is MOST commonly affected?
A)Limbs
B)Lungs
C)Kidney
D)Ears
Q2) What is the MOST common cancer found in the oral cavity?
A)Lip cancer
B)Tongue cancer
C)Oropharyngeal cancer
D)Squamous cell carcinoma
Q3) What is the BEST way to provide optimal dental care for the older community?
A)Remain current on oral medicine
B)Remain current on pharmacotherapeutics
C)Remain current on changing technologies
D)All of the above
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Chapter 27: Medically Compromised Populations
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Q1) What is defined as damage to the lungs that makes it difficult to breathe?
A)Bronchitis
B)Pneumonia
C)Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
D)Asthma
Q2) What is the major oral complication associated with epilepsy?
A)Mucositis
B)Xerostomia
C)Gingival overgrowth
D)Gingival recession
Q3) Periodontal involvement in the HIV-positive patient advances slowly compared to the general population.This slower advancement is thought to be associated with the immunocompromised state.
A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)First statement is true,second statement is false.
D)First statement is false,second statement is true.
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Chapter 28: Populations with Developmental Disabilities
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Q1) What is the BEST preventive measure a dental provider can use for a patient with a developmental disability?
A)Regular maintenance visits
B)Sealants
C)Electric toothbrushes
D)Fluoride
Q2) Which developmental disability impairs communication,and social,behavioral,and intellectual functioning?
A)Autism
B)Mental retardation
C)Down syndrome
D)Cerebral palsy
Q3) What is defined as a non-progressive,neuromuscular disorder caused by damage to the immature brain?
A)Down syndrome
B)Cerebral palsy
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Parkinson's disease
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