Health Assessment across the Lifespan
Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Health Assessment across the Lifespan is a comprehensive course designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct thorough health assessments for individuals of all ages, from infants to the elderly. The course emphasizes holistic and systematic approaches to health histories, physical examinations, and the identification of risk factors. Students will learn to apply various assessment tools and techniques appropriate for different life stages, interpret findings, and document results accurately. By integrating cultural, psychological, and developmental considerations, this course prepares students to recognize normal variations and deviations from health across diverse populations, forming a foundation for effective clinical decision-making and patient care planning.
Recommended Textbook
Physical Examination and Health Assessment 5th Edition by Carolyn Jarvis
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30 Chapters
966 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Critical Thinking in Health Assessment
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of objective information obtained during the physical assessment includes the:
A)patient's history of allergies.
B)patient's use of medications at home.
C)last menstrual period 1 month ago.
D)2 \(\times\) 5 cm scar present on the right lower forearm.
Answer: D
Q2) A = first-level priority problem
A)A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus does not know how to check his own blood glucose levels with a glucometer.
B)A teenager who was stung by a bee during a soccer match is having trouble breathing.
C)An older adult with a urinary tract infection is also showing signs of confusion and agitation.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Developmental Tasks and Health Promotion
Across the Life Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 18-month-old who makes the statement,"All done," is using what form of speech?
A)Telegraphic speech
B)Holophrastic speech
C)Preoperational speech
D)Complex-interactive speech
Answer: A
Q2) A 12-month-old infant is screened with the Denver II and is found to have some delays in gross motor skills.The screening is important because it:
A)can help diagnose a child with problems.
B)provides for early detection,leading to earlier intervention.
C)can be used by a physical therapist to determine the appropriate treatment.
D)can be used in conjunction with other tests to determine a child's overall intellectual level.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Cultural Competence: Cultural Care
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33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When providing culturally competent care,nurses must incorporate cultural assessment into their health assessment.Which statement is most appropriate to use when initiating an assessment of cultural beliefs with an elderly American Indian patient?
A)"Are you of the Christian faith?"
B)"Do you want to see a medicine man?"
C)"How often do you seek help from medical providers?"
D)"What cultural or spiritual beliefs are important to you?"
Answer: D
Q2) Which statement is accurate regarding one's ethnicity?
A)Ethnicity is dynamic and ever-changing.
B)Ethnicity is the belief in a higher power.
C)Ethnicity pertains to a social group within the social system that claims shared values and traditions.
D)It is learned from birth through the processes of language acquisition and socialization.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Interview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because the physical environment in which an interview takes place is an important consideration for the success of an interview,the interviewer should:
A)reduce noise by turning off televisions and radios.
B)place the distance between the interviewer and the patient about 2 feet or closer.
C)provide a dim light that makes a room cozier and will help the patient relax.
D)arrange seating across a desk or table to allow the patient some personal space.
Q2) A nurse is taking complete health histories on all the patients attending a wellness workshop.On the history form,one of the written question asks,"You don't smoke,drink,or take drugs,do you?" This question is an example of:
A)talking too much.
B)using confrontation.
C)using biased or leading questions.
D)using blunt language to deal with distasteful topics.
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6
Chapter 5: The Complete Health History
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is obtaining a history from a 30-year-old male patient and is concerned about health promotion activities.Which of the following questions would be appropriate to use to assess health promotion activities for this patient?
A)"Do you perform testicular self-exams?"
B)"Have you ever noticed any pain in your testicles?"
C)"Have you had any problems with passing your urine?"
D)"Do you have any history of sexually transmitted disease?"
Q2) In obtaining the history from the mother of a 2-year-old with pneumonia,the nurse asks the mother if she smoked or used drugs during her pregnancy.Her response is,"What does that have to do with pneumonia?" How would the nurse answer her question?
A)"You don't need to answer if it makes you uncomfortable."
B)"It's not really that important;we just ask everyone the same questions."
C)"The use of tobacco during pregnancy could be the cause of your daughter's pneumonia."
D)"Knowing about your pregnancy gives us a more complete picture of your daughter's health."
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Mental Status Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient has been in the intensive care unit for 10 days.He has just been moved to the medical-surgical unit and the admitting nurse is planning to perform a mental status examination on him.During the tests of cognitive function the nurse would expect that he:
A)may display some disruption in thought content.
B)will state,"I am so relieved to be out of intensive care."
C)will be oriented to place and person but may not be certain of the date.
D)may show evidence of some clouding of his level of consciousness.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding the mental status examination?
A)A patient's family is the best resource for information about the patient's coping skills.
B)It is usually sufficient to gather mental status information during the health history interview.
C)It takes an enormous amount of extra time to integrate the mental status examination into the health history interview.
D)It is usually necessary to perform a complete mental status examination to get a good idea of the patient's level of functioning.
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Chapter 7: Domestic Violence Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) When documenting intimate partner violence and elder abuse,the nurse should include:
A)photographic documentation of injuries.
B)a summary of the abused patient's statements.
C)verbatim documentation of every statement made.
D)a general description of injuries in the progress notes.
Q2) When assessing bruising,which color indicates a new bruise that is less than 2 hours old?
A)Red
B)Purple-blue
C)Greenish-brown
D)Brownish-yellow
Q3) Which term refers to a wound produced by the tearing and/or splitting of body tissue,usually from blunt impact over a bony surface?
A)Abrasion
B)Contusion
C)Laceration
D)Hematoma
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9
Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical Setting
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Sample Questions
Q1) With which of the following patients would it be most appropriate to use games during the assessment,such as,having the patient "blow out" the light on the penlight?
A)An infant
B)A preschool child
C)A school-age child
D)An adolescent
Q2) The inspection phase of the physical assessment:
A)yields little information.
B)takes time and reveals a surprising amount of information.
C)may be somewhat uncomfortable for the expert practitioner.
D)requires a quick glance at the patient's body systems before proceeding on with palpation.
Q3) The nurse would use bimanual palpation technique in which situation?
A)Palpating the thorax of an infant
B)Palpating the kidneys and uterus
C)Assessing pulsations and vibrations
D)Assessing the presence of tenderness and pain
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10
Chapter 9: General Survey, measurement, vital Signs
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Sample Questions
Q1) During an examination,the nurse notes that a female patient has a round "moon" face,central trunk obesity,and a cervical hump.Her skin is fragile with bruises.The nurse notes that the patient has which condition?
A)Marfan's syndrome
B)Gigantism
C)Cushing's syndrome
D)Acromegaly
Q2) When checking for proper blood pressure cuff size,the nurse knows that which of the following is true?
A)The standard cuff size is appropriate for all sizes.
B)The length of the rubber bladder should equal 80% of the person's arm circumference.
C)The width of the rubber bladder should equal 80% of the arm circumference.
D)The width of the rubber bladder should equal 40% of the arm circumference.
Q3) To accurately assess a rectal temperature on an adult,the nurse would:
A)use a lubricated blunt tip thermometer.
B)insert the thermometer 2 to 3 inches into the rectum.
C)leave the thermometer in place up to 8 minutes if the patient is febrile.
D)wait 2 to 3 minutes if the patient has recently smoked a cigarette.
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11
Chapter 10: Pain Assessment: the Fifth Vital Sign
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Sample Questions
Q1) When assessing a patient's pain,the nurse knows that an example of visceral pain would be:
A)hip fracture.
B)cholecystitis.
C)second-degree burns.
D)pain after a leg amputation.
Q2) The nurse knows that which statement is true regarding the pain experienced by infants?
A)Pain in infants can only be assessed by physiologic changes,such as increased heart rate.
B)The Wong-Baker scale can be used to assess pain in infants.
C)A procedure that induces pain in adults will also induce pain in the infant.
D)Infants feel pain less than adults do.
Q3) When assessing the intensity of a patient's pain,which question by the nurse is appropriate?
A)"What makes your pain better or worse?"
B)"How much pain do you have now?"
C)"How does pain limit your activities?"
D)"What does your pain feel like?"
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Nutritional Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is performing a nutritional assessment on a 15-year-old girl,who tells the nurse that she is "so fat." Assessment reveals that she is 5 feet 4 inches and weighs 110 pounds.The nurse's appropriate response would be:
A)"How much do you think you should weigh?"
B)"Don't worry about it,you're not that overweight."
C)"The best thing for you would be to go on a diet."
D)"I used to always think I was fat when I was your age."
Q2) Which body composition-measuring tool measures fat and lean body mass and bone mineral density?
A)Waist-to-hip ratio
B)Body mass index
C)Bioelectrical impedance analysis
D)Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Q3) When considering a nutritional assessment,the nurse is aware that the most common anthropometric measurements include:
A)height and weight.
B)leg circumference.
C)biceps skinfold thickness.
D)hip and waist measurement.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Skin, hair, and Nails
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 35-year-old pregnant woman comes to the clinic for a monthly appointment.During the assessment,the nurse notices that she has a brown patch of hyperpigmentation on her face.The nurse continues the skin assessment aware that another finding may be:
A)keratosis.
B)mitoasma.
C)linea nigra.
D)linea gravida.
Q2) When performing an assessment of a 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease,the nurse notes the presence of pitting edema in the lower legs bilaterally.The skin is puffy and tight but of normal color.There is no increased redness or tenderness over his lower legs,and the peripheral pulses are equal and strong.In this situation,which of the following is the most likely cause of the edema?
A)Heart failure
B)Venous thrombosis
C)A local inflammation
D)Blockage of lymphatic drainage
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Head, face, and Neck, including Regional Lymphatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) During an examination,the nurse knows that Paget's disease would be indicated by which of the following findings?
A)Positive Macewen's sign
B)Premature closure of the sagittal suture
C)Headache,vertigo,tinnitus,and deafness
D)Elongated head with heavy eyebrow ridge
Q2) A 19-year-old college student is brought to the emergency department with a severe headache he describes as "Like nothing I've ever had before." His temperature is 104° F,and he has a stiff neck.What do these signs and symptoms suggest?
A)Head injury
B)Cluster headache
C)Migraine headache
D)Meningeal inflammation
Q3) The physician reports that a patient has a tracheal shift.The nurse is aware that this means that the patient's trachea is:
A)pulled to the affected side with systole.
B)pushed to the unaffected side with a tumor.
C)pulled to the unaffected side with plural adhesions.
D)pushed to the affected side with thyroid enlargement.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Eyes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 52-year-old patient describes the presence of occasional "floaters or spots" moving in front of his eyes.The nurse should:
A)examine the retina to determine the number of floaters.
B)presume the patient has glaucoma and refer him for further testing.
C)consider this an abnormal finding and refer him to an ophthalmologist.
D)know that "floaters" are usually not significant and are caused by condensed vitreous fibers.
Q2) To assess color vision on a male child,the nurse would:
A)check color vision annually until the age of 18 years.
B)ask the child to identify the color of his or her clothing.
C)test for color vision once between the ages of 4 and 8.4.begin color vision screening at the child's 2-year check-up.
Q3) During ocular examinations,the nurse keeps in mind that movement of the extraocular muscles is:
A)decreased in the elderly.
B)impaired in a patient with cataracts.
C)stimulated by cranial nerves I and II.
D)stimulated by cranial nerves III,IV,and VI.
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16
Chapter 15: Ears
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is performing a middle ear assessment on a 15-year-old patient who has a history of chronic ear infections.When examining the right tympanic membrane,the nurse sees the presence of dense white patches.The tympanic membrane is otherwise unremarkable.It is pearly,with the light reflex at 5 o'clock and landmarks visible.The nurse should:
A)refer the patient for the possibility of a fungal infection.
B)know that these are scars caused from frequent ear infections.
C)consider that these findings may represent the presence of blood in the middle ear.
D)be concerned about the ability to hear because of this abnormality on the tympanic membrane.
Q2) The nurse is taking the history of a patient who may have a perforated eardrum.What would be an important question in this situation?
A)"Do you ever notice ringing or crackling in your ears?"
B)"When was the last time you had your hearing checked?"
C)"Have you ever been told you have any type of hearing loss?"
D)"Was there any relationship between the ear pain and the discharge you mentioned?"
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Chapter 16: Nose, mouth, and Throat
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Sample Questions
Q1) When examining the nares of a 45-year-old patient who has complaints of rhinorrhea,itching of the nose and eyes,and sneezing,the nurse notes the following: pale turbinates,swelling of the turbinates,and clear rhinorrhea.Which of the following is most likely the cause?
A)Nasal polyps
B)Acute sinusitis
C)Allergic rhinitis
D)Nasal carcinoma
Q2) A patient has been diagnosed with strep throat.The nurse is aware that without treatment which complication may occur?
A)Rubella
B)Leukoplakia
C)Rheumatic fever
D)Scarlet fever
Q3) The primary purpose of the ciliated mucous membrane in the nose is to:
A)warm the inhaled air.
B)filter out dust and bacteria.
C)filter coarse particles from inhaled air.
D)facilitate movement of air through the nares.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Breasts and Regional Lymphatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the physical examination,the nurse notes that a female patient.has an inverted left nipple.Which statement regarding this is most accurate?
A)Normal nipple inversion is usually bilateral.
B)A unilateral inversion of a nipple is always a serious sign.
C)It should be determined whether the inversion is a recent change.
D)Nipple inversion is not significant unless accompanied by an underlying palpable mass.
Q2) When a breast-feeding mother is diagnosed with a breast abscess,which of the following instructions from the nurse is correct? The mother needs to:
A)continue to nurse on both sides to encourage milk flow.
B)discontinue nursing immediately to allow for healing.
C)temporarily discontinue nursing on affected breast and must manually express milk and discard it.
D)temporarily discontinue nursing on affected breast but can manually express milk and give it to the baby.
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19
Chapter 18: Thorax and Lungs
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Sample Questions
Q1) When auscultating the lungs of an adult patient,the nurse notes that over the posterior lower lobes low-pitched,soft breath sounds are heard,with inspiration being longer than expiration.The nurse knows that these are:
A)sounds normally auscultated over the trachea.
B)bronchial breath sounds and are normal in that location.
C)vesicular breath sounds and are normal in that location.
D)bronchovesicular breath sounds and are normal in that location.
Q2) B = Bronchophony
A)The normal response is faint,muffled,and almost inaudible when the patient says "one,two,three" in a very soft voice.
B)Ask the person to say "ninety-nine" repeatedly while auscultating the chest wall.Normally,a sound will be heard but the examiner will not be able to distinguish exactly what is being said.
C)Listen to the chest while the patient says a long "ee-ee-ee" sound;hearing a long "aaaaaa" sound may be noted over areas of consolidation.
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Chapter 19: Heart and Neck Vessels
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Sample Questions
Q1) While counting the apical pulse on a 16-year-old patient,the nurse notes an irregular rhythm.His rate speeds up on inspiration and slows on expiration.What would be the nurse's response?
A)Talk with the patient about his intake of caffeine.
B)Do an electrocardiogram after the exam.
C)No further response is needed because this is normal.
D)Refer the patient to a cardiologist for further testing.
Q2) The nurse is assessing a patient's pulses and notices a difference between the patient's apical pulse and radial pulse.The apical pulse was 118 beats per minute;the radial pulse was 105 beats per minute.Calculate the pulse deficit.
Pulse deficit equals: _________
Q3) During the precordial assessment on an 8-month pregnant patient,the nurse palpates the apical impulse at the fourth left intercostal space lateral to the midclavicular line.This would indicate:
A)right ventricular hypertrophy.
B)increased volume and size of the heart as a result of pregnancy.
C)displacement of the heart from elevation of the diaphragm.
D)increased blood flow through the internal mammary artery.
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Chapter 20: Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major artery supplying the arm is the:
A)ulnar artery.
B)radial artery.
C)brachial artery.
D)deep palmar artery.
Q2) A patient has hard,nonpitting edema of the left lower leg and ankle.The nurse knows that:
A)nonpitting,hard edema occurs with lymphatic obstruction.
B)alterations in arterial function will cause this edema.
C)phlebitis of a superficial vein will cause bilateral edema.
D)long-standing arterial obstruction will cause pitting edema.
Q3) Which of the following is a true statement regarding the manual compression test?
A)Rapid filling of the veins indicates incompetent veins.
B)Competent valves in the veins will transmit a wave to the distal fingers.
C)A palpable wave transmission occurs when the valves are incompetent.
D)The test assesses whether the valves of varicosity are competent when the person is in the supine position.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Abdomen
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse notes that a patient has ascites,which indicates that which of the following is present?
A)Fluid
B)Feces
C)Flatus
D)Fibroid tumors
Q2) Percussion notes heard during the abdominal assessment may include:
A)flatness,resonance,and dullness.
B)resonance,dullness,and tympany.
C)tympany,hyperresonance,and dullness.
D)resonance,hyperresonance,and flatness.
Q3) The nurse knows that during an abdominal assessment,deep palpation is used to determine:
A)bowel motility.
B)enlarged organs.
C)superficial tenderness.
D)overall impression of skin surface and superficial musculature.
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Chapter 22: Musculoskeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse knows that another term for "knock knees" is:
A)genu varum.
B)genu valgum.
C)pes planus.
D)metatarsus adductus.
Q2) The nurse should use which test to check for large amounts of fluid around the patella?
A)Ballottement
B)Tinel's sign
C)Phalen's test
D)McMurray's test
Q3) A patient tells the nurse that she is having a hard time bringing her hand to her mouth when she eats or tries to brush her teeth.The nurse knows that for her to move her hand to her mouth,she must perform the following movement:
A)flexion.
B)abduction.
C)adduction.
D)extension.
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24
Chapter 23: Neurologic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient is not able to perform rapid alternating movements such as patting her knees rapidly.The nurse would document this as:
A)ataxia.
B)astereognosis.
C)the presence of dysdiadochokinesia.
D)a probable abnormality in the cerebellum.
Q2) The nurse is caring for a patient who has just had neurosurgery.To assess for increased intracranial pressure,what would the nurse include in the assessment?
A)Cranial nerves,motor function,and sensory function
B)Deep tendon reflexes,vital signs,and coordinated movements
C)Level of consciousness,motor function,pupillary response,and vital signs
D)Mental status,deep tendon reflexes,sensory function,and pupillary response
Q3) The nurse knows that testing kinesthesia is a test of a person's:
A)fine touch.
B)position sense.
C)motor coordination.
D)perception of vibration.
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Chapter 24: Male Genitourinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a health history,a patient tells the nurse that he has trouble in starting his urine stream.This problem is known as:
A)urgency.
B)dribbling.
C)frequency.
D)hesitancy.
Q2) A 45-year-old carpenter is seen at the clinic for complaints of "losing my urine when I lift heavy objects." He is experiencing:
A)frequency.
B)urinary hesitancy.
C)stress incontinence.
D)urgency incontinence.
Q3) The nurse is examining the glans and knows that which of the following is a normal finding for this area?
A)The dorsal vein may be visible.
B)Hair is without pest inhabitants.
C)The skin is wrinkled and without lesions.
D)Smegma may be present under the foreskin of an uncircumcised male.
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Chapter 25: Anus,rectum,and Prostate
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the assessment of an 18-month-old child,the mother expresses concern to the nurse about the infant's inability to toilet train.What would be the nurse's best response?
A)"Some children are just more difficult to train,so I wouldn't worry about it yet."
B)"Have you considered reading any of the books on toilet training? They can be very helpful."
C)"This could mean there is a problem in your baby's development.We'll watch her closely for the next few months."
D)"The nerves that will allow your baby to have control over the passing of stools are not developed until at least 18 to 24 months of age."
Q2) Which of the following statements about the anal canal is true?
A)The anal canal is about 2 cm long in the adult.
B)The anal canal slants backward toward the sacrum.
C)The anal canal contains hair and sebaceous glands.
D)The anal canal is the outlet for the gastrointestinal tract.
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Chapter 26: Female Genitourinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a vaginal examination of a 38-year-old woman,the nurse notes the following: the vulva and vagina are erythematous and edematous with thick,white,curdlike discharge adhering to the vaginal walls.The woman reports intense pruritus and thick white discharge from her vagina.The nurse knows that these history and physical examination findings are most consistent with which of the following?
A)Candidiasis
B)Trichomoniasis
C)Atrophic vaginitis
D)Bacterial vaginosis
Q2) When the nurse is discussing sexuality and sexual issues with adolescents,a permission statement helps to convey that it is normal to think or feel a certain way.Which of the following is the best example of a permission statement?
A)"It is okay that you have become sexually active."
B)"Often girls your age have questions about sexual activity.Have you?"
C)"If it is okay with you,I'd like to ask you some questions about your sexual history."
D)"Often girls your age engage in sexual activity.It is okay to tell me if you have had intercourse."
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the examination of a patient's mouth,the nurse observes a nodular bony ridge down the middle of the hard palate.The nurse would chart this finding as: A)cheilosis.
B)leukoplakia.
C)ankyloglossia.
D)torus palatinus.
Q2) A patient is unable to shrug her shoulders against the nurse's resistant hands.What cranial nerve is involved with successful shoulder shrugging?
A)VII
B)IX
C)XI
D)XII
Q3) During inspection of a patient's face,the nurse notes that the facial features are symmetric.This finding indicates that which cranial nerve is intact?
A)VII
B)IX
C)XI
D)XII
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Chapter 28: Reassessment of the Hospitalized Adult
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76163
Sample Questions
Q1) When assessing the neurologic system of a hospitalized patient during morning rounds,the nurse will include which of the following?
A)Blood pressure
B)The patient's rating of pain on a 1 to 10 scale
C)The patient's ability to communicate
D)The patient's personal hygiene level
Q2) The nurse has administered a pain medication to a patient by an intravenous infusion.The nurse should reassess the patient's response to the pain medication within: A)5 minutes.
B)15 minutes.
C)30 minutes.
D)60 minutes.
Q3) The nurse is assessing the intravenous (IV)infusion at the beginning of the shift.Which of the following should be included in the assessment of the infusion? Select all that apply.
A)Proper IV solution is infusing according to physician's orders.
B)Infusing at the proper rate according to physician's orders.
C)Infusion proper according to the nurse's own assessment of the patient's needs.
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Chapter 29: The Pregnant Female
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76164
Sample Questions
Q1) A patient who is in her first trimester of pregnancy tells the nurse that she is experiencing significant nausea and vomiting and asks when it will improve.The nurse should reply:
A)"Did your mother have significant nausea and vomiting?"
B)"Many women experience nausea and vomiting until the third trimester."
C)"Usually,by the beginning of the second trimester,the nausea and vomiting improve."
D)"At about the time you begin to feel the baby move,the nausea and vomiting will subside."
Q2) During an internal examination of a woman during her first prenatal visit,the nurse notes that the cervix is soft.This is known as:
A)Hegar's sign.
B)Chadwick's sign.
C)Homan's sign.
D)Goodell's sign.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 30: Functional Assessment of the Older Adult
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/76165
Sample Questions
Q1) During an assessment of a newly admitted 92-year-old woman,the nurse notes that her son does not want to leave the room.In addition,the woman has signs of old bruises and healed cuts that happened "last week," according to the son.Which action by the nurse is appropriate?
A)Ask the son for details about the nature of the patient's injuries.
B)Recognize that older people are often unsteady on their feet and that falls do occur.
C)Notify the authorities of a potential abusive situation.
D)Recognize that these findings do not necessarily indicate that abuse has occurred but are signs that further assessment is needed.
Q2) When using the various instruments to assess an older person's activities of daily living,the nurse needs to remember that a disadvantage of these instruments includes:
A)the reliability of the tools.
B)self or proxy report of functional activities.
C)lack of confidentiality during the assessment.
D)insufficient detail about the deficiencies identified.
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