Health and Society Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Health and Society examines the complex interactions between health, illness, and the social environment. This course explores how factors such as culture, socioeconomic status, gender, ethnicity, and public policy influence health behaviors, healthcare access, and health outcomes. Through multidisciplinary perspectives, students analyze contemporary health issues, healthcare systems, and health disparities, gaining insights into how societal structures and values shape the experiences and distribution of health across populations. The course encourages critical thinking about the roles of individuals, communities, and governments in promoting and maintaining public health.
Recommended Textbook Drugs Society and Human Behavior 16th Edition by Hart
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18 Chapters
718 Verified Questions
718 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Drug Use: An Overview
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43 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) relationship to
A)alcohol use.
B)perceived availability of marijuana.
C)perceived risk of harm in using marijuana.
D)the nation's economy.
Answer: C
Q2) One of the most important risk factors for drug use is
A)having friends who use marijuana or other substances.
B)being heavily involved in extracurricular activities.
C)having lots of money.
D)believing that your parents are a source of social support.
Answer: A
Q3) One of the general principles of psychoactive drug use is that
A)all psychoactive drugs should be banned.
B)most people are unable to control their own drug use.
C)every drug has an opposite drug that can counteract it.
D)drugs,per se,are not good or bad.
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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Sample Questions
Q1) About how many arrests are made in the U.S.each year for drug-law violations?
A)1,500,000
B)200,000
C)50,000
D)5,000
Answer: A
Q2) One important factor that led Congress to adopt the first laws regulating what we now call controlled substances was the association of drug use with crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The U.S.government in the 1800s had few regulations on industry and in general took a "hands-off" approach to government that has been referred to by the term A)crime.
B)laissez-faire.
C)toxicity.
D)trends.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give a brief description of the Harrison Act of 1914,and discuss some of the issues that were brought up during debate and helped to pass this law.
Answer: It was a tax law,requiring physicians and pharmacists to register and pay an annual fee to dispense opioids or cocaine.Motivations for the law included 1)compliance with an international treaty to control opium,2)emotional appeals raising fears about cocaine use by blacks,and 3)concern about Chinese opium dens.
Q2) Despite their potential medical benefits both marijuana and methamphetamine are Schedule I drugs.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) The Marijuana Tax Act was passed in A)1874. B)1906. C)1937.
D)1978. Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules is called A)homeostasis. B)uptake.
C)depolarization. D)synthesis.
Q2) Describe the differing effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system.
Q3) Weight control,aggression,impulsivity,and psychological depression have all been associated with A)serotonin pathways. B)endorphins.
C)GABA receptors.
D)the parasympathetic branch.
Q4) Parasympathetic and sympathetic refer to the two branches of the A)glia. B)axon.
C)autonomic nervous system. D)limbic system.
Q5) What are the steps involved in the life cycle of a neurotransmitter?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The story of the Michigan police officer who ate marijuana-laced brownies and then called 911,is a good illustration of which basic psychopharmacology fact?
A)Drug laws only apply to those outside of law enforcement.
B)Marijuana produces paranoia in the majority of users.
C)The oral route of administration produces the fastest onset of effects.
D)Different routes of administration can producing markedly different drug effects.
Q2) Alcohol has a low tendency,but THC has a high tendency,to A)bind to the serotonin receptor.
B)dissolve in water.
C)bind to blood proteins.
D)produce dependence.
Q3) In some cases,repeated use of a drug leads to pharmacodynamic tolerance,which is based on A)altered liver function.
B)learning.
C)reduced sensitivity of neurons.
D)slower metabolism.
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Chapter 6: Stimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common way cocaine is used recreationally is by A)intravenous injection.
B)insufflation (snorting).
C)mixing it with alcoholic beverages and drinking it.
D)smoking crack.
Q2) One major similarity of freebase and crack cocaine is that they both can be smoked.
A)True B)False
Q3) The use of cocaine by members of the general public in Europe was initially in the form of
A)coca powder. B)pills.
C)drinks,such as coca wine. D)cigarettes.
Q4) Illicit cocaine comes to the U.S.primarily from A)Southeast Asia. B)Afghanistan.
C)South America. D)Africa.
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Chapter 7: Depressants and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The four most widely sold benzodiazepines are all longer-acting drugs sold primarily as
A)anxiolytics.
B)analgesics.
C)hypnotics.
D)antidepressants.
Q2) When barbiturates were the most popular sedative-hypnotics,low doses of the long-acting types were used as sleeping pills.
A)True
B)False
Q3) GHB has been used for several purposes.Describe its recent history of various medical and recreational uses and its status as a controlled substance.
Q4) Among the sedative-hypnotic drugs,short-acting barbiturates seem to be the most likely to lead to drug dependence.
A)True B)False
Q5) is a popular benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety. A)True B)False
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Chapter 8: Medication for Mental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tricyclic antidepressants work by
A)blocking acetylcholine receptors.
B)blocking D2 dopamine receptors.
C)inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin.
D)inhibiting metabolism of GABA.
Q2) Both depressed and manic symptoms appear in the general classification of A)schizophrenia.
B)mood disorders.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)psychosis.
Q3) ,are referred to as A)conventional antipsychotics.
B)nouveau antipsychotics.
C)atypical antipsychotics.
D)postmodern antipsychotics.
Q4) Bipolar I Disorder refers to A)panic attacks.
B)agoraphobia.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)manic episodes with possible alternating depression.
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hangover-prevention products sold on TV and over the Internet are actually pretty effective if they contain activated charcoal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the processes of fermentation and distillation,and give examples of the kinds of beverages produced by each process.
Q3) Describe some of the factors that influence blood alcohol concentration when drinking alcoholic beverages.
Q4) All hangovers are most likely caused by the presence of congeners in the alcoholic beverage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Fairly high doses of alcohol interfere with erection of the penis in males,probably because of
A)direct physiological effects on the penis.
B)lower blood pressure.
C)dopamine release in the pituitary.
D)impaired processing of erotic signals.
Q6) Describe the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nicotine acts in the brain by
A)increasing serotonin reuptake.
B)enhancing GABA's inhibitory effects.
C)reducing blood flow to the cerebral cortex.
D)first stimulating and then blocking cholinergic receptors.
Q2) One of the most consistent and best-documented effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy is
A)low birth weight.
B)mental retardation.
C)abnormal facial features.
D)the infant experiences nicotine withdrawal.
Q3) Discuss the issue of secondhand smoke and restrictions on smoking in public places.Include your own opinion about the fairness of such regulations,but be sure to include information about the effects of secondhand smoke on nonsmokers,both in homes and the workplace.
Q4) Tobacco use became popular in European culture because:
A)its pleasant taste and aroma were enticing.
B)it was associated with wealth and status.
C)it was easy to produce and obtain.
D)it was associated with Native American culture.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Caffeine
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37 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most consistent withdrawal symptom after chronic caffeine use is A)headache.
B)drowsiness.
C)nervousness.
D)inability to sleep.
Q2) Most American coffee comes from China.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Caffeine works in the brain by
A)stimulating dopamine release.
B)interfering with glutamate release.
C)blocking serotonin receptors.
D)blocking adenosine receptors.
Q4) A 12-oz.Pepsi or Coke contains more caffeine than a Vivarin tablet.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The xanthine found in tea that is prescribed for asthma is called robusta. A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the effects that caffeine has on the central nervous system.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Dietary Supplements and Over-The-Counter Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 2006 revised PATRIOT Act required that products containing __________ be kept "behind the counter," and buyers must show identification and sign for their purchase.
A)pseudoephedrine
B)aristolochic acid
C)dextromethorphan
D)taurine
Q2) The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
A)requires manufacturers of dietary supplements to demonstrate safety and efficacy before marketing their products.
B)directed the FDA to remove ephedra products from the market.
C)expanded the definition of dietary supplements and restricted the FDA's regulatory authority over them.
D)outlawed multi-level marketing schemes for sales of dietary supplements.
Q3) is a dietary supplement that has some research support for its possible use in treating A)impotence.
B)depression.
C)Parkinson's disease.
D)diabetes.
14
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Chapter 13: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) occur as a result of heroin alone.
A)True
B)False
Q2) because of their ability to
A)decrease violent behavior.
B)lower blood pressure.
C)treat diarrhea.
D)decrease bleeding.
Q3) In recent years,heroin use has been a rapidly spreading problem in the U.S.suggesting that it is becoming an epidemic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Siegel and his colleagues have shown in animal studies that tolerance to opioids A)is due to reduced absorption of the drug.
B)is not very great.
C)occurs after only a single exposure.
D)is partly due to conditioned responses.
Q5) The most popular prescription opioids are hydrocodone and oxycodone.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Hallucinogens
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Sample Questions
Q1) was important not only for understanding what we now call medicine,but also because he or she was
A)usually a close relative of the chief.
B)a spiritual,or religious leader.
C)also a judge who decided how to punish misbehavior.
D)often the wealthiest member of the group.
Q2) The indole originally found in toad skins,that turns out not to be a very potent hallucinogen,is A)bufotenin.
B)muscimol.
C)ergotamine.
D)mescaline.
Q3) One major grouping of hallucinogens typically allows the user to remain in some touch with the real world and to remember much of what he or she experienced.This group of drugs was referred to as the A)narcotics.
B)entactogens.
C)psychotomimetics.
D)phantastica.
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Chapter 15: Marijuana
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the possible panic reaction related to marijuana and recommended methods to decrease such a reaction.
Q2) A consistent cognitive effect of marijuana,seen both in frequent users and in less experienced users,is
A)slowing of cognitive processing.
B)improved ability to focus attention for a long time.
C)impaired inhibitory control.
D)personality changes.
Q3) The American public began to take interest in the new drug menace known as marijuana
A)after a New Orleans newspaper in 1926 associated its use with crime.
B)after the 1937 movie "Reefer Madness."
C)after World War II.
D)when hippies began using it widely in the 1960s.
Q4) Panic reactions can be a common reaction in inexperienced marijuana smokers. A)True
B)False
Q5) According to recent data,marijuana is a clear cause of psychosis.
A)True
B)False
17
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) It has been difficult to do double-blind,placebo-controlled studies on the effects of steroids because
A)the federal government will not allow research with controlled substances.
B)they produce detectable psychological effects.
C)the potency of the drugs is so variable from one sample to another.
D)the researchers could face a massive lawsuit.
Q2) So-called "pituitary giants" often die at an early age because their internal organs continue to grow due to excessive production of A)red blood cells.
B)testosterone.
C)creatine.
D)human growth hormone.
Q3) According to Major League Baseball records of the number of ADHD exemptions granted to players,it would seem that the prevalence of ADHD in baseball is double the prevalence in the general population.
A)True
B)False
Q4) supplements that are used as possible performance enhancers.What is known about their effectiveness?
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Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) Out-of-school peer programs include peer influence approaches,as well as
A)peer participation programs.
B)peer policing programs.
C)peer evaluation.
D)peer pressure reversal.
Q2) Having students discuss their reactions to various moral and ethical dilemmas as a means to help them clarify their own values was one example of the general prevention approach known as
A)moral rearmament.
B)talk therapy.
C)cognitive development.
D)affective education.
Q3) Beginning in 1986,the federal government launched a massive campaign based on anti-drug policies,locker searches,etc.,to promote
A)affective education.
B)increased drug knowledge.
C)social skills.
D)"Drug-Free" schools.
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Chapter 18: Treating Substance Use Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The opioid antagonist naltrexone can prevent heroin from having its normal effect if it is injected.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Varenicline,approved in 2006 for smoking cessation
A)is also used as an antidepressant.
B)is an opioid antagonist.
C)is a partial nicotinic-receptor antagonist.
D)blocks the metabolism of nicotine.
Q3) CBT may be ineffective for long-term methamphetamine users because of the many cognitive deficits caused by the drug.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The DSM-V provides diagnostic criteria for substance dependence and substance abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The majority of drug treatment takes place in an outpatient setting.
A)True
B)False
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