Health and Disease Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental concepts of health and disease, examining the biological, environmental, and societal factors that influence wellness and illness in human populations. Students will learn about the mechanisms of disease, including infection, immunity, and genetic predisposition, as well as key strategies for disease prevention and health promotion. Through the study of case studies and contemporary health issues, the course fosters an understanding of the impact of diseases on individuals and communities, and encourages the development of informed perspectives on public health policy and healthcare practices.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy Physiology Disease Foundations for the Health Professions 1st Edition by Deborah Roiger
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17 Chapters
1477 Verified Questions
1477 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Basics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which membrane surrounds the lungs in the thoracic cavity?
A) Meninges
B) Pleura
C) Pericardium
D) Peritoneum
Answer: B
Q2) The thoracic cavity can be subdivided into which two cavities?
A) Abdominal and pelvic cavities
B) Cranial and vertebral cavities
C) Pleural and pericardial cavities
D) Thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the anatomical terms of direction describes the relation of the hypodermis to the epidermis?
A) Superficial
B) Superior
C) Deep
D) Distal
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Levels of Organization of the Human Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a correct statement about cardiac muscle?
A) Cardiac muscle cells are branched and multinucleated.
B) Cardiac muscle is striated and voluntary.
C) Cardiac muscle is smooth and involuntary.
D) Cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary.
Answer: D
Q2) What is an acid?
A) A molecule with a pH of 7
B) A molecule that releases hydroxide ions when added to water
C) A molecule that releases hydrogen atoms when added to water
D) A molecule with a pH higher than 7
Answer: C
Q3) Which term describes a stacked layer of epithelial cells?
A) Simple
B) Stratified
C) Pseudostratified
D) Transitional
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Introduction to Pathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement correctly describes hypersensitivity?
A) Hypersensitivity can range from mild to severe.
B) Hypersensitivity involves an overreaction of the immune system to an allergen.
C) Severe hypersensitivity may cause anaphylaxis.
D) All of these statements correctly describe hypersensitivity.
Answer: D
Q2) Which statement describes therapeutic treatment?
A) The goal of treatment is to make a patient more comfortable during the terminal stages of the disease.
B) The goal of treatment is to cure the patient of the disease.
C) The goal of treatment is to restore normal function.
D) The goal of treatment is to prevent disease.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following can indicate a disease may be present?
A) Malaise
B) Inflammation
C) Abnormal diagnostic test results
D) All of the answer choices can indicate the presence of disease.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a sign of a third degree burn?
A) Pain
B) Redness
C) Blisters
D) Charring
Q2) All of the following have the stratum lucidum layer of the epidermis except which one?
A) Thin skin
B) Thick skin
C) Skin on the palms of hands
D) Skin with no hair
Q3) Wounds that heal by regeneration result in what?
A) The wound is healed with the same tissue that was damaged and normal function is restored.
B) The wound is healed with scar tissue and normal function is not restored.
C) The wound is healed with the same tissue that was damaged and normal function is not restored.
D) The wound is healed with scar tissue and normal function is restored.
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6
Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are functions of the intervertebral disc except which one?
A) Support body weight.
B) Allow nerves to exit between vertebrae.
C) Act as shock absorbers.
D) Cushion to vertebrae with each step.
Q2) What types of cartilage is found in the pinna of the ear and in the epiglottis of the throat?
A) Hyaline cartilage
B) Elastic cartilage
C) Fibrocartilage
D) Fibroelastic cartilage
Q3) How many lumbar vertebrae are in the spinal column?
A) 7
B) 12
C) 5
D) 2
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Chapter 6: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?
A) Insertion
B) Origin
C) Intrinsic
D) Extrinsic
Q2) A stimulated muscle cell signals the release of what chemical from the synaptic knob?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Actin
C) Myosin
D) Tropomyosin
Q3) Which type of muscle tissues performs anaerobic respiration?
A) Skeletal
B) Cardiac
C) Smooth
D) All of the answers are correct
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following types of neurons have sensory functions?
A) Multipolar
B) Unipolar and multipolar
C) Bipolar and multipolar
D) Unipolar and bipolar
Q2) Which part of the brainstem is important for arousal as it determines whether sensory messages will be consciously noticed?
A) Pons
B) Midbrain
C) Reticular formation
D) Medulla oblongata
Q3) What allows the action potential to travel quickly?
A) Polarization
B) Myelination of the axon
C) Nodes of Ranvier
D) Trigger zone
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9
Chapter 8: The Nervous System-Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which test is used to diagnose glaucoma?
A) Ishihara test
B) Rinne test
C) Weber test
D) Tonometry
Q2) The hair cells in the cochlear duct have what type of neurons at their base?
A) Multipolar
B) Unipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Tripolar
Q3) Which cranial nerve is the auditory nerve?
A) CN I
B) CN IX
C) CN VIII
D) CN X
Q4) What is the oval window?
A) The membrane at which the stapes contacts the vestibule
B) The fluid filled tubes that coils to form a snail like structure
C) The end of the cochlea
D) The fluid within the cochlea
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What category of signaling may interest the perfume industry?
A) Autocrine
B) Paracrine
C) Endocrine
D) Pheromone
Q2) Which statement is false regarding the symptoms of Addison's disease?
A) Addison's disease will cause a decrease in aldosterone production which will result in a decreased ability to control blood pressure and blood volume.
B) Addison's disease will cause a decrease in cortisol which will result in a decreased ability to use fat and protein as fuel.
C) Addison's disease will cause a decrease in cortisol which will result in a decreased ability to deal with inflammation and injury.
D) Addison's disease will cause a decrease in DHEA which will affect a male's ability to develop male sex characteristics.
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Chapter 10: The Cardiovascular System-Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hemoglobin transports all of the following except which one?
A) Oxygen
B) Hydrogen ions
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Hydroxyl ions
Q2) Which of the following would not be considered a formed element of blood?
A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Plasma
D) Platelets
Q3) What is the function of thrombocytes?
A) To fight off infection
B) To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
C) To form platelet plugs and release clotting factors
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Which of the following combining forms means primitive?
A) blast/o
B) erythr/o
C) hemat/o
D) phag/o
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System - Heart and Vessels
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about pulse pressure?
A) As stroke volume increases, pulse pressure also increases.
B) As stroke volume decreases, pulse pressure also increases.
C) As stroke volume increases, pulse pressure decreases.
D) As stroke volume decreases, pulse pressure also decreases.
Q2) Which statement about the pericardium is false?
A) The pericardium is a serous membrane.
B) The parietal pericardium anchors the heat to the great vessels.
C) The visceral pericardium is the outer layer of the pericardium.
D) Pericardial fluid is between the two layers of the pericardium.
Q3) What cardiac disorder is characterized by heaviness or pain in the chest caused by a temporary or reversible myocardial ischemia?
A) Angina pectoris
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Atherosclerosis
D) Congestive heart failure
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13
Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements describes the function of basophils in the second line of defense?
A) Fight bacteria.
B) Release histamine to promote inflammation.
C) Attack worm parasites.
D) Become macrophages to phagocytize bacteria.
Q2) Which statement about the thymus is false?
A) T-cells migrate from the red bone marrow to the thymus gland where they mature.
B) The thymus is located in the superior mediastinum between the sternum and the aortic arch.
C) The thymus is well developed at birth and continues to develop during adulthood.
D) All of the statements are true.
Q3) What term is used to indicate the immunity was acquired through someone or something else?
A) Passive
B) Active
C) Natural
D) Artificial
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14
Chapter 13: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does alveolar ventilation work in ventilation-perfusion coupling?
A) If partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases, the bronchioles dilate.
B) Air flow is directed to lobules where partial pressure of carbon dioxide is high.
C) If partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreases, the bronchioles constrict.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Which statement about the bronchi is false?
A) The right and left main bronchi each enter their respective lung at the hilum.
B) The right bronchus is slightly more horizontal than the left bronchus due to the location of the heart.
C) The main bronchi and all of their further branches make up the bronchial tree.
D) All of these statements are false.
Q3) What does compliance measure in terms of lung function?
A) It measures how well the lung can expand and return to shape.
B) It measures how much the lung can expand.
C) It measures how much the lung can hold.
D) None of these are correct.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cells produce gastrin?
A) Mucous cells
B) Endocrine cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Chief cells
Q2) Which cranial nerve is not required for deglutition?
A) Cranial nerve V
B) Cranial nerve VII
C) Cranial nerve XI
D) Cranial nerve XII
Q3) Which structure forms the roof of the oral cavity?
A) Teeth
B) palate
C) Uvula
D) Cheeks
Q4) Which integration center listed below is found in the reflex arc for defecation?
A) Stretch receptors in the rectal wall
B) Spinal cord
C) The rectal wall
D) Motor neurons in the rectal wall
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Excretoryurinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which excretory system disorder is an inflammation of the filtration membrane in the glomerulus of the nephron?
A) Pyelonephritis
B) Glomerular nephritis
C) Pyelitis
D) Cystitis
Q2) All of the following remain in the tubules following reabsorption except which one?
A) Water
B) Nitrogenous waste
C) Mineral salts
D) Amino acids
Q3) How does the skin function as a part of the excretory system?
A) By removing bilirubin
B) By removing carbon dioxide
C) By removing salts, lactic acid, and urea
D) By removing nitrogenous wastes
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Chapter 16: The Male Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The testes descend through what opening in the abdominal wall?
A) Testicular canal
B) Inguinal canal
C) Gubernaculum canal
D) Neither answer is correct
Q2) Which of the following represents a male zygote?
A) XX
B) XY
C) X
D) Y
Q3) Which of the following statements is false regarding prostate cancer?
A) A common diagnostic exam for prostate cancer is a digital rectal exam.
B) Prostate cancer can be detected by measuring prostate specific antigen levels.
C) Prostate enlargement happens toward the center of the prostate.
D) All of these statements are false.
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Chapter 17: The Female Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the second step in the process of fertilization?
A) A sperm fuses with the egg's plasma membrane.
B) The sperm nucleus enters the egg, and the egg immediately prevents any further sperm from gaining access by forming a fertilization membrane that a sperm cannot penetrate.
C) The nuclei of the sperm and egg rupture within the fertilized egg and the chromosomes mix to form a single nucleus.
D) The capacitated sperm release their acrosomal enzymes to penetrate through the cells surrounding the egg.
Q2) Which female reproductive system disorder is characterized by the growth of endometrium in additional places other than the uterus?
A) Breast cancer
B) Cervical cancer
C) Endometriosis
D) Fibroids
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