Health and Aging Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Health and Aging examines the complex relationship between aging processes and health outcomes in later life. The course explores the biological, psychological, and social factors that influence how individuals age, including the impact of chronic diseases, lifestyle choices, and healthcare systems. Students will analyze key theories of aging, assess challenges faced by older adults, and evaluate public health approaches to promote healthy aging. Through case studies and current research, the course prepares students to critically consider policy, caregiving, and support systems that address the needs of an aging population.
Recommended Textbook
Social Gerontology A Multidisciplinary Perspective 9th Edition by Nancy R. Hooyman
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17 Chapters
850 Verified Questions
850 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Growth of Social Gerontology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with those that drop out, participants that remain in a longitudinal study are generally:
A) more educated.
B) healthier.
C) more motivated.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Q2) Females born in 2006 have an average life expectancy of:
A) 75.4 years.
B) 80.7 years.
C) 84.3 years.
D) 99.5 years.
Answer: B
Q3) ________ focuses on how to prevent or manage the diseases of aging.
Answer: Geriatrics
Q4) Racial crossover effect describes the tendency for Caucasians to live longer than African Americans.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Aging in Other Countries and Across Cultures in
the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study of _________, where grandparents care for grandchildren, show that these elders have greater life satisfaction and less depression than those in single generation households.
Answer: skip-generation households
Q2) According to social exchange theory,:
A) as society becomes more modernized, older people lose respect.
B) most societies have a sense of reverence and deference toward elders.
C) it is possible to achieve a balance between costs and contributions made by older adults and the extent of power and respect they command.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
Q3) __________ is a sense of reverence and deference toward elders.
Answer: Filial piety
Q4) The poverty rate for older non-citizens is approximately twice that of older U.S. citizens.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: The Social Consequences of Physical Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) What has been learned about vital capacity by studying master athletes?
Answer: Researchers have learned that the maximum volume of oxygen declined by 5.5 percent in master athletes (older people who maintain vigorous exercise programs) and the maximum volume of oxygen declined in sedentary men by 12 percent.Thus,aging plays only a small role in the decline of the respiratory system.
Q2) With aging, the following changes are found in skin:
A) secretions by sebaceous and sweat glands deteriorate
B) there is generally an increase in blood circulation in the skin
C) older individuals prefer cooler environments than younger persons
D) the outer skin layer becomes thicker and more elastic
Answer: A
Q3) ________ is defined as the normal process of changes over time in the body and its components.
Answer: Senescence
Q4) Older people should increase their intake of caffeine and alcohol in order to inhibit the production of ADH.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Managing Chronic Diseases and Promoting Well
Being in Old Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) The symptoms of diabetes are difficult to detect in older people.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following represents the most common IADL limitation for older adults?
A) home management
B) money management
C) meal preparation
D) grocery shopping
Q3) Age-related physiological changes and the effects of many medications are the primary reason why older people:
A) generally stop driving.
B) prefer driving at night.
C) are at greater risk of injury and death in accidents.
D) prefer driving cars with higher power air bags.
Q4) For drivers aged 65 to 74, motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of injury-related deaths.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
Q5) Why do older adults rate their health positively?
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Changes With Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) When improving websites for older adults,:
A) avoid using a patterned background behind test material.
B) use many graphic and much animation.
C) give each section of the website a different layout.
D) add many pop-up menus.
Q2) Measures of fluid intelligence include:
A) spatial orientation.
B) verbal comprehension.
C) social judgment.
D) word association.
Q3) Allowing older adults more time to take a test makes little difference in how well they perform on the test.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is true regarding studies of intelligence?
A) Cross-sectional studies entail selective attrition.
B) Longitudinal studies entail selective attrition.
C) Older people do better on timed tests.
D) They can assess age changes and age differences.
Q5) Discuss the findings of the Seattle Longitudinal Study.
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Chapter 6: Personality and Mental Health in Old Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) One's cognitive image of the self is:
A) self image.
B) self esteem.
C) self identity.
D) self concept.
Q2) The underlying characteristics of a person's life at a particular period of time are known as ________.
Q3) Risk factors for depression in older adults include:
A) co-morbidity.
B) married.
C) male gender.
D) financial stability and comfort.
Q4) Studies of self-esteem and the aging process show that:
A) self-esteem in older people is not affected by stressful life events.
B) accepting the aging process and its limitations will not help older persons.
C) life review can help maintain self-esteem.
D) self-esteem declines with aging.
Q5) Discuss the difference between delirium and dementia.
Q6) The last stage of Erikson's stages of development is ________.
Q7) White men aged 85 and older are at greatest risk for ________.
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Chapter 7: Love Intimacy and Sexuality in Old Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hormonal changes in men occur more slowly than in women.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A women's ability to have an orgasm is strongly affected by:
A) a hysterectomy.
B) a mastectomy.
C) psychological factors.
D) changes in the vaginal structures.
Q3) Older lesbians today:
A) are more open about their sexuality than gay men.
B) have generally practiced serial monogamy.
C) are more depressed and isolated than heterosexual women.
D) are more concerned about loss of attractiveness with aging.
Q4) More than half of all men over the age of 65:
A) have some degree of prostate enlargement.
B) have not benefited from oral medications for impotence, such as Viagra.
C) experience impotence at least one out of every four times they have sex.
D) say that better health would improve their satisfaction with their sex life.
Q5) Summarize the effect of the loss of testosterone in men.
Q6) The three phases of the climacteric are perimenopause, menopause, and
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Chapter 8: Social Theories of Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) The life course perspective differs from role theory in that this perspective:
A) considers individual personality as part of roles.
B) places people in their family context.
C) includes the impact of time, period, and cohort on aging.
D) focuses on the individual's developmental achievements and losses.
Q2) The life course perspective primarily takes account of individual personality changes with age.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Disengagement theory has been supported by recent empirical research.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Regarding theories and concepts of aging.:
A) theories before the 1960s focus on societal forces that influence aging.
B) "age norms" have little to do with "role theory" .
C) disengagement theory has been supported by empirical research.
D) most early theories ignored environmental and lifestyle influences.
Q5) Identify the four goals of a critical gerontology approach.
Q6) People born in the same time period who share a common history and environmental past, present and future are called a ________.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Importance of Social Supports-Family,
Friends, and Neighbors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older gays and lesbians, compared to their heterosexual peers,:
A) are less likely to plan for their future security.
B) tend to build a "surrogate family" .
C) have lower self-esteem.
D) maintain strong ties with their families of origin.
Q2) Perceived benefits of pets for older adults include:
A) mobility benefits
B) reduced depression
C) improved health
D) all of the above
Q3) The flow of support between older persons and their adult children is generally:
A) unidirectional, with children providing housing for their parents.
B) unidirectional, with parents continuing to help their adult children financially and emotionally.
C) reciprocal exchanges financially, emotionally, and in providing care.
D) nonexistent, especially among urban families.
Q4) Childless older adults with health problems tend to be more isolated than other older people.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Opportunities and Challenges of Informal Caregiving
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of a physical problem attributed to caregiver stress would be:
A) sleep disorders and exhaustion.
B) work absenteeism.
C) social isolation.
D) direct costs of care.
Q2) ________ is planned for emergency short-term relief to caregivers from the demands of ongoing care.
Q3) Male caregivers of frail elders:
A) constitute about the same percentage of caregivers as do females
B) feel as psychologically responsible as female caregivers
C) face multiple demands like females
D) are less likely to give up jobs than females
Q4) Researchers have found that caregivers of color perceive less subjective burden from their roles than do Caucasian caregivers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The most frequent caregiving pattern is between partners.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss women as caregivers using the feminist theory perspective. Page 12
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Chapter 11: Living Arrangements and Social Interactions
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Q1) Regarding neighborhood living:
A) most older persons, in general, are satisfied with their neighborhood.
B) most older persons, in poorer neighborhoods, are dissatisfied with their neighbors.
C) most elders prefer living near their families.
D) neighbors can replace families as support systems.
Q2) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, ________ percent of the population age 65 and over occupied a nursing home.
Q3) Discuss the advantages of assisted living that have contributed to this type of housing becoming a growing trend.
Q4) Explain how technology is allowing more older adults to age in place.
Q5) National surveys have revealed that fear of crime among older people is consistent with the high levels of crime that they face.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Congregate housing provides shared meals and social support.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Explain the foundations of person-environment theories of aging.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Productive Aging: Paid and Nonpaid Roles and Activities
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Sample Questions
Q1) The average retirement age in the United States today is ________, compared to age ________ in 1910.
A) 61.5/74
B) 68.5/65
C) 65/62
D) 60/50
Q2) Contrary to stereotypes, deterioration in mental or physical health does not result from retirement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Older workers are more likely to be self-employed than younger workers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The timing of retirement is affected by all of the following except:
A) adequate retirement income.
B) family and gender roles.
C) health status.
D) other job prospects.
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Q5) Present both sides of the ongoing debate about whether age serves as a catalyst for a viable political movement.
Chapter 13: Death, Dying, Bereavement, and Widowhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Widowed women are more likely than widowed men to: A) remarry.
B) experience problems with social supports.
C) generally experience more financial hardships.
D) experience reciprocal relationships with all their children and friends.
Q2) An individual who is appointed by the courts to care for another individual's property, finances, housing, and medical treatment is called a:
A) conservator.
B) guardian.
C) surrogate decision maker.
D) none of the above .
Q3) Concerning assisted suicide,:
A) several states such as Alaska, California, and Maine have recently legalized it.
B) the U.S. Supreme Court forbids physicians from prescribing pain-relievers to dying patients.
C) the U.S. Supreme Court has explicitly endorsed sedation for the terminally ill.
D) it is illegal in all 50 states.
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Chapter 14: The Resilience of Elders of Color
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Q1) Compared to their white counterparts, older African Americans experience twice the rate of:
A) diabetes mellitus.
B) depression.
C) suicide.
D) osteoporosis.
Q2) The mortality crossover effect occurs:
A) for women after age 75.
B) for men after age 75.
C) for people of color after age 75.
D) for all older people after age 85.
Q3) Which of the following statements describing African American elders is false?
A) They are poorer than whites.
B) They are not as healthy as whites.
C) Their life expectancy at birth is as long as whites.
D) They are less likely to be married than any other ethnic group.
Q4) Asian American/Pacific Islander elders are increasingly less likely to live in extended family arrangements.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 15: The Resiilience of Older Women
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among older women, the risk of poverty is greatest among:
A) women of color.
B) never-married women.
C) married women.
D) working women.
Q2) Why are older women one of the poorest groups in society?
Q3) ________ require insurance companies to allow women to remain in their spouse's group insurance for up to 3 years after divorce, separation, or widowhood.
Q4) Social Security and pension plans in the United States have been most useful in eliminating poverty among:
A) divorced women.
B) never-married mothers.
C) older African Americans.
D) older men and couples.
Q5) An older woman can depend on her husband's pension to support her, even if he dies before retiring.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Women have a ________ incidence of chronic health problems than men.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Social Policies to Address Social Problems
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Q1) Contrary to public perception, Social Security was designed to be:
A) an investment program.
B) a minimum floor of protection.
C) a sole source of retirement income.
D) none of the above.
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the Social Security Trust Funds?
A) Old Age and Survivors Insurance
B) Military Personnel Insurance
C) Disability Insurance
D) Hospital Insurance
Q3) The first national public benefits program was ________.
Q4) Privatizing Social Security would negatively impact higher income, unmarried workers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Trace the history of public policies affecting older adults from the 1930s to today.
Q6) SSI is an example of an age-entitlement program.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Health and Long Term Care Policy and Programs
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Q1) Home health care has been shown to be preferred by more older people than receiving care in a long-term care facility.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The need for long-term care will diminish for aging baby boomers because of a decline in chronic conditions compared to previous cohorts of elders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Recently, the majority of funding for home health care comes from:
A) Medicare.
B) Medicaid.
C) private health insurance.
D) out-of-pocket.
Q4) When an individual is eligible for both Medicaid and Medicare, they are said to be ________.
Q5) Cash and Counseling programs provide older adults with financial advice for long-term planning.
A)True B)False
Page 20
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