Guidance and Counseling in Education Pre-Test
Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental principles and practices of guidance and counseling within educational settings. Students will examine the roles and responsibilities of educators and counselors in supporting students' academic, personal, and social development. The course covers essential counseling theories, ethical considerations, and culturally responsive strategies, while equipping future professionals with practical skills in communication, assessment, and referral processes. Emphasis is placed on creating inclusive, supportive environments that foster student well-being and success across diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Career Counseling A Holistic Approach 9th Edition by Vernon G. Zunker
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Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the name of the major work written by Parsons (published posthumously in 1909)?
A)Three Conceptual Formulations
B)The Conceptual Framework for Helping a Person Choose a Career
C)Choosing a Vocation
D)Choosing a Career
Answer: C
Q2) Who was considered the leading figure, or "father," of the career counseling movement?
A)Super
B)Parsons
C)Roe
D)Holland
Answer: B
Q3) The global economy, or globalization, is the driving force of:
A)restructuring wealth.
B)economic freedom.
C)economic restructuring.
D)economic stability.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Theories of Career Development
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Q1) Aptitude, interests, and measure of client traits can be used to focus on new learning that promotes career choice.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Hollands Typology
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltzs Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1. Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2. A Contextual Explanation of a Career
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Career Counseling Models
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would NOT be used to assess abilities, interests and values?
A)The Values Scale
B)The Differential Aptitude Test
C)The Salience Inventory
D)The Strong Interest Inventory
Answer: C
Q2) What are the five stages of the developmental model for career counseling?
A)Establish counseling goals, counseling procedures, counseling process, data integration and narrative interpretation
B)Data integration, narrative development, career development assessment and counseling (CDAC), counseling procedures and process, and final interview
C)Intake interview, data integration and narrative interpretation, establish counseling goals, counseling procedures and process, and career advancement
D)Intake interview, career development assessment and counseling (CDAC), data integration and narrative interpretation, establish counseling goals, and counseling procedures and process
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Integrating Career and Personal Counseling
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Q1) Present examples of client problems in each of the four domains-career, affective, cognitive-behavioral, and culture.
Q2) The scientific method of determining influences that drive behavior is labeled as a/an _____ approach.
A)inclusive
B)integrative
C)multidimensional
D)isolated
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of career and personal counseling?
A)It is sometimes best to delay career counseling until some or most personal problems are moderated
B)Career and personal counseling are not interconnected
C)Career and personal counseling can take place simultaneously
D)Career and personal counseling are interconnected
Q4) Define Irv's four domains and explain the strategies unique to each domain.
Q5) Briefly discuss the rationale for selecting the biopsychosocial model to observe behavior for an integrative approach to career counseling.
Q6) Describe the biopsychosocial model.
Q7) How can a client address anxiety disorder with systematic desensitization?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Career Counseling Intake Interview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Obsessive-compulsive disorder is indicative of ______ disorder.
A)mood
B)anxiety
C)personality
D)somatoform
Q2) Briefly discuss the rationale for a whole person approach to the intake interview.
Q3) Identify several examples of common faulty cognitions and how these type of thoughts interfere with career development.
Q4) Which of the following statements is NOT one of the recommendations regarding the necessity of building an extensive body of resources for interviewing ethnic minorities?
A)Use straightforward, slang-free language and become familiar with cultural life-role models
B)Identify a consultant who can provide helpful information
C)Be direct and open at all times
D)Become familiar with support networks for different cultural groups
Q5) Discuss the life roles to be examined in the career intake interview.
Q6) Explain the whole person approach.
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Chapter 6: Using Standardized Tests and Self-Assessment in Career Counseling
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Q1) What are some suggested steps a counselor can take to achieve equity in assessment?
Q2) According to the American Psychological Association standards for educational and psychological testing, validity refers to:
A)the stability of the human trait.
B)constructs developed from theory and research.
C)coefficients of correlation that remain high for long intervals.
D)the meaningfulness and usefulness of certain inferences based on a test score derived from a test in question.
Q3) What important step can be taken by counselors to evaluate the usefulness of a score report?
A)Read the test manual carefully to determine if the client is a member of a group that has been included in the normative sample used for validity and reliability analysis
B)Determine if a significant proportion of members from the client's ethnic group was represented in the norm sample
C)A and B
D)None of the above
Q4) Identify factors that affect the stability of tests.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Impact of New Technology on Work, Career Development, and Learning Platforms
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Q1) The fourth step in Sampson's seven-step CACG implementation program is:
A)evaluation of service delivery.
B)software integration.
C)program evaluation.
D)comprehensive staff training.
Q2) Describe how the role of the career counselor has changed with respect to the continuous changing modalities of technology.
Q3) Briefly discuss the advantages of using CACG and online systems
Q4) On-the-job training, job rotation and apprentice training are examples of:
A)off-site training methods.
B)web-based instruction.
C)interactive multimedia.
D)on-site training methods.
Q5) Briefly discuss the cautions counselors should be aware of when using online systems as a counseling tool.
Q6) Name three on-site training methods and discuss the role of each one.
Page 9
Q7) Kivlighan, Johnston, Hogan & Mauer (1994) used vocational identity to evaluate the effects of SIGI PLUS.Briefly discuss the findings in their study and what the relationship with CACGS is.
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Chapter 8: On Being an Ethical Career Counselor
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Q1) Ethical competence is assured:
A)When one presents evidence of their qualifications
B)When one has worked as a counselor for several years
C)When one is promoted as a staff member
D)When one has been hired for a counseling position
Q2) Who suggested (2002) that in career counseling programs that use peer counselors, clients are to be informed of issues of confidentiality?
A)Brown
B)Welfel
C)Lenz
D)Zunker
Q3) Which association is cited as developing ethical issues, principles and standards (1997) pertinent to the career counselor?
A)National Career Guidance Association (NCGA)
B)National Career Development Association (NCDA)
C)American Psychological Association (APA)
D)American Counseling Association (ACA)
Q4) What are some suggestions for NCDA members on using the Internet to provide career information and planning services?
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Chapter 9: Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups
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Q1) The term "white" usually identifies a group of people who refer to themselves as "Americans" without any prefix.White Americans as a group are thought to be:
A)individualistic as opposed to collectivistic.
B)collectivistic.
C)individualistic and collectivistic.
D)none of the above.
Q2) Paniagua (2005) suggests which relevant counseling procedures for African-Americans?
A)Discuss racial differences such as asking how the client feels about working with a white counselor
B)Avoid offering causal explanations of problems
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
Q3) Jon is a Native American man seeking counseling.Indicate a helpful strategy that could be used during his counseling process.
Q4) Give an explanation why government agencies group individuals by culture.
Q5) Explain career counseling intentions for different ethnic groups.
Q6) Briefly discuss differences between individualistic and collectivistic orientations.
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Chapter 10: Gender Issues and Dual Careers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shared care-giving fathers:
A)Become more interested in household duties
B)Are never resentful of household tasks
C)Experience enhanced father-child relationships
D)Are generally accepted and given approval by other men
Q2) A husband is an electrical engineer and his wife is a physician.Thus, they fit which of the following family categories?
A)Dual career
B)Dual wage owner
C)Dual earner
D)Nontraditional
Q3) Briefly discuss some of the current specific career issues women face.
Q4) The fear of being perceived as unmanly makes many men resist being open, honest and expressive.This is referred to by what term?
A)Expressive emotionality
B)Constricting emotionality
C)Restrictive emotionality
D)Open emotionality
Q5) Describe how women's developmental patterns differ from men's.
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Chapter 11: Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Clients
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Q1) Sexual minorities that have been passed over for promotion in organizations have experienced the:
A)Lavender ceiling
B)Gay ceiling
C)Glass ceiling
D)Lesbian ceiling
Q2) An irrational fear, hatred, and intolerance of sexual minorities is known as:
A)Sexual stereotyping
B)Heterosexists assumption
C)Homophobia
D)Sexual elitism
Q3) An individual who has not fully accepted a gay identity will likely:
A)Limit occupational choices
B)Have confidence in career choice
C)Have an average level of career maturity
D)Score above average on an aptitude test
Q4) Compare and contrast potential cultural differences in LGBT sexual orientation for African American and Hispanic American individuals.
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Q5) Discuss how a counselor may better prepare himself or herself in counseling LGBT youth.
Chapter 12: Career Counseling for Individuals With Disabilities
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Q1) Briefly discuss the factors to consider when working with multicultural clients who also have a disability.
Q2) Identify and discuss common problems and needs of people with disabilities.
Q3) What fact is discussed frequently in rehabilitation literature pertaining to a client's adjustment to physical trauma?
A)Psychological denial of a disability
B)Shock
C)Motivation to seek retraining and employment
D)Depression
Q4) How are goals for children with disabilities conceptualized?
A)Via a Special Program (SP) written for each child
B)Via an Individualized Education Program (IEP) written for each child by the beginning of the school year
C)Via an Individualized Special Program (ISP) written for each child during the year
D)Via a Collective Education Program (CEP) written for all children with disabilities
Q5) Identify and briefly discuss common problems of people with disabilities.
Q6) The Individualized Plan of Employment (IPE) contains what components?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Job Loss and Transitions
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Q1) Reciprocal power that is used for locating job openings refers to:
A)Listening to the radio
B)Social networking
C)Reality TV
D)Neighborhood discussions
Q2) One's initial reaction to job loss is similar to:
A)Crisis situations
B)Stress reaction when taking a test
C)Moving from early career to mid career
D)Stressful reaction in late career
Q3) Present at least five examples of how faulty cognitions can affect one's ability to work and how they relate to family and fellow workers.
Q4) What is an effective method of experience identification?
A)Questionnaire
B)Biography
C)Autobiography
D)Interest Inventory
Q5) Briefly discuss procedures for assisting a client in developing a lifelong learning philosophy.
Page 15
Q6) Describe and justify outplacement counseling programs by organizations.
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Chapter 14: Career Development and Transitions of Working Adults
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Q1) Briefly discuss and identify knowledge workers.
Q2) How is the midcareer or maintenance stage characterized?
A)Socialization process
B)Continual adjustment process to improving working position and situation
C)Greater self-understanding and identification within the total system of a career field
D)Both B and C
Q3) What types of interventions for coping with stress are suggested by Sulsky and Smith (2005)?
A)The use of cognitive, affective and behavioral strategies
B)Self-reward or a positive stimulus following a desirable reaction to target behaviors
C)Self-monitoring and self-directed procedures
D)Meditation, exercise and relaxation techniques
Q4) Compare the typical self concerns of workers during early, middle, and late career.
Q5) Describe the late career process.
Q6) When and how are career anchors formed?
Q7) Define stress and discuss some of the specific job features that pose a threat to the worker.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Career-Related Programs for Career
Development in Elementary Schools
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Q1) Discuss the implications for career guidance at the elementary level.
Q2) Briefly discuss the stages of observational learning.
Q3) __________ are designed as strategies to promote self-knowledge, educational and occupational exploration and career planning.
A)Representative competencies
B)Competence strategies
C)Objective competencies
D)Representative strategies
Q4) Briefly discuss how the elementary school counselor focuses on the development of basic skills and their interrelationships with career development.
Q5) Identify some considerations counselors should take when counseling children from different cultures.
Q6) Information processing skills can be identified with the principles of:
A)Super's developmental stages
B)Working memory
C)Piaget's propositions
D)Personality types
Q7) Briefly discuss the multiple roles of the elementary school counselor.
Q8) Discuss the benefits of career development programs in elementary school. Page 17
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Page 18
Chapter 16: Career- Related Programs for Career Development in Middle School
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Q1) The suggestion is made that counselors need to evaluate personal problems carefully in terms of what criteria?
A)Short-term consequences
B)Medium-term consequences
C)Long-term consequences
D)None of the above
Q2) There are different levels and combinations of concerns among individual students.What is the rationale that supports this statement?
A)Career development follows similar paths
B)Stages of developmental tasks are involved
C)Situational experiences are interpreted differently
D)Career maturity is not responsible for development
Q3) Self-esteem during the middle school years is:
A)Not going to change very much
B)Considered to be enduring
C)Greatly affected by peer rejection
D)Not influenced very easily
Q4) Identify several advantages of career centers.
Q5) Discuss the significance of identity development in middle school.
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Chapter 17: Career-Related Programs for Career
Development in High School and
Beyond
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Q1) Compare goals and related activities of intern and extern programs.
Q2) In what way does an extern model benefit a student?
A)Provides student with an opportunity to observe ongoing activities in his or her major field of study and to interact with individuals on the job
B)The extern experience is of long duration and thus gives the student plenty of time to enjoy the experience
C)Provides the student with the opportunity to spend more time in a workplace and is more work-experience oriented
D)Students gain course credits
Q3) Who has commented that placement should be viewed as a vital function and a continuation of career development programs?
A)Sharf
B)Federal and state agencies
C)Gysbers and Henderson
D)Herr, Cramer and Niles
Q4) Briefly discuss the significance of understanding the concept of life roles and their interrelationships.
Q5) Briefly explain some career-related programs in universities.
Page 20
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