Group Dynamics
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Group Dynamics explores the psychological and social processes that occur within and between groups. This course examines theories and research related to group formation, structure, decision-making, leadership, roles, norms, communication, conflict, and cohesion. Students will analyze how individual behavior is influenced by group membership and will learn practical strategies for enhancing group performance and resolving interpersonal conflicts. Through discussions, case studies, and experiential activities, learners will develop a deeper understanding of the dynamics that shape group interactions in various settings, including workplaces, classrooms, and communities.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Edition 4th Edition by Roy F. Baumeister
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19 Chapters
2843 Verified Questions
2843 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Mission and the Method
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215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In recent years, what has emerged as an important subfield of social psychology that explores the ways in which people think about social situations?
A) cognitive sociology
B) social cognition
C) cognitive psychology
D) socioneurology
Answer: B
Q2) The term "experimental realism" refers to whether the physical setting of a research study resembles the "real world."
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Today, ____ studies conducted at universities must first obtain institutional review board approval.
A) only publicly-funded
B) only privately-funded
C) only federally-funded
D) both funded and unfunded
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Culture and Nature
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Social brain theory" states that ____.
A) the human brain evolved to enable humans to have rich, complex social lives
B) the human brain evolved to allow humans to develop language
C) humans are born with access to a "collective unconscious" (certain types of cumulative social knowledge)
D) unlike to the left and right hemispheres in the brains of other animals, the two hemispheres in the human brain are much more "social" (communicative) with one another
Answer: A
Q2) In general, it would be most accurate to say that humans are ____, while other animals are ____.
A) social and cultural; just social
B) social and cultural; social and moral
C) just cultural; just moral
D) just cultural; social and cultural
Answer: A
Q3) In recent years, evolutionary psychologists have begun to stress that ________________ is more important than ________________ in driving natural selection.
Answer: reproduction,survival
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Chapter 3: The Self
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A classic article by sociologist Ralph Turner noted that different cultures, at different times, have defined the true self by placing emphasis on either of two main approaches. These approaches are ____.
A) the self as inner feelings and the self in social roles
B) public self-awareness and private self-awareness
C) the looking-glass self and the generalized other
D) the implicit self and the explicit self
Answer: A
Q2) Jake grew up in a really religious home, but when he is at college he never goes to church. He considers how rarely he goes to church without his family, and decides that religion must not be very important to him. Jake's experience is best explained by social comparison theory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) ________________ refers to the process by which the self monitors, controls, and modifies itself.
Answer: Self-regulation
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5
Chapter 4: Choices and Actions
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195 Verified Questions
195 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term ________________ is used to describe active self-awareness, monitoring of one's behavior, and comparison of one's behaviors to standards.
Q2) According to the text, why is it usually a doomed idea to try to diet when you are under stress?
A) Because dieting tends to temporarily deplete cognitive resources, which are needed for successfully coping with stressors
B) Because cortisol, the hormone released during times of stress, affects metabolism in such a way that it is almost impossible to diet successfully
C) Because people's capacity for willpower is limited, and can be depleted by attending to stressors (such that little willpower is left for dieting)
D) Because people require a greater caloric intake than usual in order to successfully cope with stressors
Q3) Someone with a(n) ________________ theory of intelligence believes that you can become smarter if you work hard, study, and apply yourself.
Q4) What are the common mistakes people make when planning to achieve their goals and what psychological processes promote them?
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Chapter 5: Social Cognition
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who think they have a "hot hand" after winning five poker hands in a row tend to think that ____.
A) it is more likely they will win the next hand than is actually the case
B) it is more likely they will lose the next hand than is actually the case
C) they are equally likely to win versus lose the next hand
D) their winning is due to having better traits than the other players
Q2) One explanation for the false consensus effect is that people use their own attitudes and behaviors as "anchors" for predicting others' attitudes and behaviors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Letha has just met her first Mormon missionary. In conversation, she finds out that he is a collector of rare books. If Letha commits the one-shot illusory correlation, she will
A) think that the missionary believes he is better than her because of his hobby
B) believe she can persuade the missionary that her religion is the better world view
C) believe many Mormons collect rare books
D) attribute his collection behavior to his scholarly character
Q4) Describe how one might reduce cognitive errors in processing social information.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Emotion and Affect
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to catharsis theory, ____.
A) expressing negative emotions produces a healthy release and is therefore good for the psyche
B) practicing emotional restraint of negative emotions (i.e., holding in negative emotions) can help to dissipate, or reduce, such emotions across time
C) ironically, people tend to feel unpleasant emotions when they have survived a negative experience when others have suffered
D) emotions tend to promote interpersonal ties
Q2) The idea that people maintain relatively constant levels of happiness or unhappiness-regardless of what happens to them-has been referred to as ____.
A) the hedonic treadmill
B) the broaden-and-build theory
C) emotional intelligence (EQ)
D) personal affective index
Q3) Emotions are inner processes that help promote ________________ relations.
Q4) Emotions can be sorted, or classified, along two basic dimensions: (1) unpleasant versus pleasant, and (2) ________________.
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Chapter 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, possessing an attitude about something increases ____ of decision-making.
A) the speed and the quality
B) the speed but not the quality
C) the quality but not the speed
D) neither the speed nor the quality
Q2) When one Facebook user reads an article and likes it, ____.
A) the odds of others liking it are only modestly increased, by about 8%
B) someone else who reads it is 32% more likely to also "like" it
C) the odds of others liking it are increased, but only when there are relatively few likes, generally less than 15,000
D) it can paradoxically decrease the likelihood that others will like it, because they do not want to be just one of the masses
Q3) Automatic attitudes can be defined as ____ evaluative responses.
A) controlled, conscious
B) controlled, unconscious
C) slow, conscious
D) fast, unconscious
Q4) Explain the potential benefits and costs of holding strong religious beliefs.
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Chapter 8: Social Influence and Persuasion
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which principle(s) best explains why adding "even a penny will help" will increase the success of fundraising requests?
A) commitment and consistency
B) scarcity
C) capturing and disrupting attention
D) reciprocity
Q2) Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to the tendency to engage in, and enjoy, effortful thinking, analysis, and problem solving.
A) self-monitoring
B) private self-consciousness
C) need for cognition
D) intolerance for ambiguity
Q3) Which pair of social influence techniques are both based on the principle of reciprocation?
A) the disrupt-then-reframe technique and the pique technique
B) the that's not all technique and the pique technique
C) the door-in-the-face technique and the that's not all technique
D) the foot-in-the-door technique and the door-in-the-face technique
Q4) Who are convert communicators, and when and why are they especially persuasive?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the norms that humans use to determine fairness, and provide one example of each.
Q2) Based on Vohs et al.'s (2006) findings, wealthy people are ____.
A) less likely to ask for help when they need it
B) more likely to ask for help when they need it
C) as likely to ask for help when needed as anyone else
D) more likely to give help to a neighbor in need
Q3) Emma's company cannot even afford to give cost-of-living raises to everyone, so they opt to give every full-time employee a one-time $500 bonus, regardless of the employee's salary or responsibilities. This ensures ____.
A) underbenefiting
B) over-benefiting
C) equity
D) equality
Q4) Being able to feel another person's pain best describes which term?
A) egoism
B) reciprocity
C) volunteerism
D) empathy
Q5) ________________ is going along with the crowd.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the definitions of aggression and violence used in the text, which statement is true?
A) All aggressive acts are violent, and all violent acts are aggressive.
B) All aggressive acts are violent, but not all violent acts are aggressive.
C) Not all aggressive acts are violent, but all violent acts are aggressive.
D) Not all aggressive acts are violent, and not all violent acts are aggressive.
Q2) Recent data on violence in the world suggests that ____.
A) it is increasing dramatically over time
B) it is the same in amount as it has always been
C) it is decreasing over time
D) it has become nonexistent
Q3) Which statement is most accurate?
A) Density is a better predictor of aggression than crowding.
B) Crowding is a better predictor of aggression than density.
C) Density and crowding are equally good at predicting aggression.
D) Density is a good predictor of aggression, while crowding predicts prosocial behavior.
Q4) The theory that argues that aggressive behavior is learned is known as
Q5) Instinct theories argue that aggression is ____________________.
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Chapter 11: Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term ostracism originally came from ____.
A) ancient Rome
B) ancient Persia
C) ancient Greece
D) ancient China
Q2) In the immediate aftermath of social rejection, people tend to respond in several predictable ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the typical (temporary) responses?
A) experiencing a feeling of numbness, or "nothingness"
B) being "stupid" in terms of complex cognitive tasks
C) showing a high degree of self-regulation
D) being especially attuned to social cues and information about others
Q3) The following scenario is not uncommon: Several people are waiting at a crosswalk, one of them decides to cross despite a red signal, and-once that happens-everyone else does the same. This is an example not just of conformity, but also of ____.
A) reinforcement theory
B) the social allergy effect
C) the bad apple effect
D) the propinquity effect
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, passion, intimacy, and commitment refer to three different types of love.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Gunther is surrounded by attractive, available women at work. Because of this, Gunther is likely to ____.
A) care less about money and more about sex
B) work much harder at his job regardless of whether he makes money or not
C) want money more than if the women were unattractive
D) want money less than if the women were unattractive
Q3) Research shows that, across time, married couples have sex less and less often. However, it should be noted that the ____.
A) lower frequency can be almost entirely explained by the fact that longer-married couples tend to have children (and having children has the effect of reducing sex).
B) decline is statistically insignificant and cyclical in nature
C) lower frequency is due to both age and length of marriage
D) decline does not start for several years into marriage
Q4) Regarding yourself as a good person "as is" is known as ________________.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Merely categorizing people into arbitrary groups like "red team" or "blue team" is sufficient to produce ingroup favoritism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To what extent is homosexual behavior "natural"? Research indicates that it occurs ____.
A) among humans all over the world, as well as among other species B) among humans all over the world, though not among other species C) among humans only in a few parts of the world, though also among other species D) among humans only in a few parts of the world, and not among other species
Q3) Technically speaking, the term "homophobia" refers to excessive ____ homosexuals or homosexual behavior.
A) fear of B) guilt surrounding C) hatred for D) avoidance of
Q4) Explain what stereotype threat is, and how it affects performance.
Q5) Describe the strategies available to overcome stereotypes and reduce prejudice.
Q6) To what degree are stereotypes accurate?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Groups
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that you and your family are moving to a new apartment. Because your little brother has an excellent memory for things in general, he is put in charge of remembering what is packed with what. Because your mother usually takes care of bill payment, she is put in charge of remembering with what companies your family needs to file a change-of-address form. And because you have been the one handling most of the logistics of the move (hiring a company to inspect the new apartment for termites, making sure that you received your deposit back on your old apartment, etc.), you are put in charge of keeping track of these things. This is an example of ____.
A) deindividuation
B) the commons dilemma
C) groupthink
D) transactive memory
Q2) Binge eating is defined by ____.
A) eating until you feel full
B) alternating periods of uncontrolled eating and severe restraint
C) restricting caloric intake to starvation levels
D) eating past when you feel full
Q3) More powerful people laugh ____________________ often than less powerful people. (more/less)
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do grocery store advertising, grocery store format (layout), and grocery store location influence consumers' decisions about where to shop?
A) All three affect behavior.
B) Interestingly, location has very little impact.
C) Interestingly, format (layout) has the strongest impact of the three.
D) Advertising is the only one of these variables to have an impact.
Q2) As discussed in the text, the consumer consumption process begins ____.
A) long before we choose a product
B) when we recognize that we need a product
C) when we decide to shop for a product
D) when we choose among different products
Q3) What is one important way in which consumers today differ from consumers in previous decades?
A) Consumers today experience more time poverty.
B) Consumers today are less likely to engage in polychronic activity.
C) Consumers today are less likely to feel anonymous during the shopping experience.
D) Consumers today have fewer product choices.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Edward has a really difficult co-worker. They are constantly in conflict over how to use the limited resources in the office. Edward offers to take the co-worker out to lunch and over lunch, they discuss how they can manage their respective needs for the office resources with less conflict. Edward has used ____ coping.
A) avoidant
B) emotion-focused
C) problem-focused
D) precontemplative
Q2) Which of the following is most directly concerned with the stages that people go through-and the themes present at each stage-when they are trying to change a specific behavior?
A) The theory of planned behavior
B) The general adaptation syndrome
C) The cognitive appraisal model
D) The transtheoretical model
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18
Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The critical incident technique (CIT) uses critical incidents or behaviors that discriminate between ____ behavior for someone performing the job.
A) successful and unsuccessful
B) legal and illegal
C) excellent and poor
D) ethical and unethical
Q2) The process by which members become absorbed into the culture of the organization is ____.
A) organizational climate
B) organizational culture
C) organizational socialization
D) workforce planning
Q3) According to ____ theory, employees compare their inputs (the work they do) to their outcomes (salary and other compensation).
A) procedural justice
B) social comparison
C) equity
D) beneficence
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Chapter 18: Applying Social Psychology to the Law
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following, which personality trait is most predictive of whether people are lenient versus punitive in jury trial voting?
A) Introversion/extroversion
B) Authoritarianism
C) Self-monitoring
D) Need for closure
Q2) Moving a trial from the location in which it would normally be held is called a change of ____.
A) voir dire
B) venue
C) target
D) qualification
Q3) Research on estimator variables has found that _____.
A) men and women have similar rates of both correct and mistaken identifications
B) men and women have similar rates of correct identifications but men have higher rates of mistaken identifications
C) men and women have similar rates of mistaken identifications but men have higher rates of correct identifications
D) women have higher rates of both correct and mistaken identifications
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a secondary territory?
A) Your bedroom
B) The seat you always sit in during English class
C) A seat at a movie theater
D) A public library
Q2) According to social psychological research, which of the following is NOT a particularly effective way to shift people's attitudes and behaviors regarding the environment?
A) Provide people with feedback about their impact on the environment.
B) Make people's environment-related behaviors public.
C) Focus on specific actions rather than general or abstract behaviors.
D) Make nonemotional appeals to general attitudes in the public.
Q3) After a badly rusted storage tank leaked into the river that supplies drinking water for a large region, the owners of the tank deliberately withhold information about the chemicals that had been stored in the tank. This is best described as the ____ trap.
A) missing-hero
B) missing-information
C) missing-integrity
D) missing-regulation
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Page 21