Graduate Seminar in Nutrition Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course offers an advanced, discussion-based examination of current topics and emerging research in the field of nutrition. Students will critically analyze recent scientific literature, explore the implications of nutritional interventions, and evaluate controversies within the discipline. Through presentations, peer reviews, and collaborative dialogue, participants will enhance their skills in scientific communication and develop a deeper understanding of complex nutritional issues relevant to public health and clinical practice. The seminar environment supports the exchange of ideas and fosters scholarly engagement among graduate students preparing for careers in research, academia, or professional practice.
Recommended Textbook
Advanced Nutrition and Human Metaboli 7th Edition Sareen S. Gropper
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14 Chapters
1263 Verified Questions
1263 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1186
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Cell: A Microcosm of Life
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23530
Sample Questions
Q1) Why is cholesterol important in plasma membrane function?
Answer: The answer should include the following items:
.The steroid rings containing the hydroxyl groups of cholesterol align near the polar head groups of the membrane phospholipids and the hydrocarbon tail aligns with the hydrophobic fatty acids on the phospholipid.
.This alignment allows cholesterol to stabilize the membrane and regulate fluidity.
.Changes in membrane fluidity alter the permeability of the membrane and control entrance and exit of molecules into and out of the cell.
.Membrane fluidity also affects the location and function of membrane proteins.
Q2) The organelle that detoxifies by oxidizing molecules such as hydrogen peroxide and ethanol is the ____.
A)peroxisome
B)endosome
C)lysosome
D)ribosome
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Delayed gastric emptying is known as ____.
A)cholecystitis
B)cholelithiasis
C)gastritis
D)gastroparesis
Answer: D
Q2) Deficiency of which vitamin is associated with neurological deficiencies?
A)vitamin D
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin A
D)thiamin
Answer: D
Q3) gastrin
A)stimulates insulin secretion
B)stimulates pancreas juice secretion
C)inhibits gall bladder contraction
D)stimulates pepsinogen secretion
E)decreases gastric emptying
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Carbohydrates
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gluconeogenesis is essentially the reversal of which pathway?
A)glycogenesis
B)glycolysis
C)TCA cycle
D)glycogenolysis
Answer: B
Q2) GLUT2
A)erythrocytes,CNS
B)liver, -cells,kidney
C)brain,sperm,placenta
D)muscle,heart,adipocytes
E)intestine,kidney,brain,skeletal muscle,adipose
Answer: D
Q3) Which process produces glucose-6-phosphate from noncarbohydrate sources?
A)glycolysis
B)glycogenolysis
C)glycogenesis
D)gluconeogenesis
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Fiber
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consistent evidence shows that soluble fibers can lower the levels of cholesterol in many people with high serum cholesterol.Discuss the three mechanisms by which fibers are proposed to lower serum cholesterol.
Q2) Make an argument defending the statement: To remain healthy,it is best to eat foods containing a variety of fiber types each day.
Q3) An individual who consumes large amounts of strawberries and carrots might develop diarrhea.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which component of the cell wall contributes to the fiber content of foods?
A)waxes
B)cutin
C)bran layer
D)suberin
Q5) Dr.Smith has prescribed a high-fiber diet (35-40 g/day)with special emphasis on the water-insoluble fibers for Mr.Brown.How would this diet protect against colorectal cancer? Give examples of foods that contain water-insoluble fibers.
Q6) Discuss the benefits of fermentable fibers in terms of their prebiotic function.
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Chapter 5: Lipids
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what form is most body fat stored?
A)fatty acids
B)triacylglycerols
C)cholesterol
D)phospholipids
Q2) Mono- and diacylglycerols are used in processed foods as ____.
A)thickening agents
B)emulsifying agents
C)antioxidants
D)food preservatives
Q3) Which of the following lipoproteins is normally NOT present in blood in the fasting state?
A)VLDL
B)chylomicrons
C)LDL
D)HDL
Q4) Brown fat contains more mitochondria than white fat and is involved in thermogenesis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Protein
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stimulation of phagocytosis and activation of complement proteins are functions of
A)C-reactive protein
B)orosomucoid
C)serum amyloid A
D)fibrinogen
Q2) Dietary proteins must be completely hydrolyzed to free amino acids,because only free amino acids are absorbed by the enterocyte.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A variety of transporters exist on cell membranes to handle all of the different types of amino acids.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When the diet is lacking in the amino acids lysine and threonine,____.
A)proteins will be made without one amino acid
B)the body will synthesize them
C)protein synthesis will be limited
D)another amino acid will be substituted so that synthesis is uninterrupted
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Chapter 7: Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amino acids used primarily by muscle for synthesis of dispensable amino acids and for protein synthesis are ____.
A)branched-chain amino acids
B)aromatic amino acids
C)basic amino acids
D)acidic amino acids
Q2) A fasted state is characterized by protein synthesis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Muscle supplies its own glucose for energy needs by first using glycogen stores,and then converting amino acids to glucose.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Time frames assigned to each of the phases of the fed-fast cycle are strongly influenced by an individual's ____.
A)metabolic rate
B)age
C)gender
D)ethnic background
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A BMI in children between the 75th and 85th percentiles is considered overweight. A)True
B)False
Q2) Leptin and one other hormone have similar effects on orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons.That hormone is ____.
A)ghrelin
B)adiponectin
C)peptide yy
D)insulin
Q3) Which RQ would not be possible for an ordinary mixed diet of carbohydrate,protein,and fat?
A)0.85
B)0.80
C)0.75
D)0.15
Q4) The density of body fat is about 0.9g/mL.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
Q5) Describe metabolic syndrome and give the criteria for its clinical diagnosis.
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Chapter 9: Water-Soluble Vitamins
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A primary function of vitamin C is to act as an ____.
A)antiviral agent
B)antioxidant
C)antirachitic agent
D)acyl transferase
Q2) One method to assess nutrient status is to measure the activity of an enzyme that requires the vitamin as a cofactor.Explain how this works-first in a conceptual way,and then specifically using an example.Your specific example choices are thiamin,riboflavin,or folate (pick one).Do you think this is a good assessment method?
Why or why not?
Q3) An example of a cleavage reaction requiring PLP is the degradation of thiamin into its pyrimidine and thiazole moieties.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Impaired folding and secretion of proteins have been observed with thiamin deficiency.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the process by which vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is digested and absorbed.
Page 11
Q6) What is the significance of vitamin C to carnitine and fat metabolism?
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Chapter 10: Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inadequate vitamin D intake has been associated with autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis,Crohn's disease,multiple sclerosis,and type I diabetes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why are vitamins A and E said to be antagonists of vitamin K?
Q3) XIa
A)becomes activated in the presence of thromboplastin
B)creates insoluble fibrin for final clot formation
C)converts prothrombin into thrombin
D)works with factor IXa to activate factor X
E)activates factor IX"
Q4) Many anticoagulants work by inhibiting the regeneration of active vitamin K (i.e.,dihydrovitamin KH )during the vitamin K cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In certain groups of people,it is recommended that higher doses of vitamin D be ingested.Which groups are included in this recommendation and why?
Q6) Explain the process by which rhodopsin is formed.
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Chapter 11: Major Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Major minerals include calcium,phosphorus,magnesium,sodium,potassium,and
A)chloride
B)manganese
C)sulfur
D)nitrogen
Q2) Phosphorus is absorbed primarily in the ____.
A)duodenum
B)stomach
C)ileum
D)jejunum
Q3) Which mineral is LEAST likely to be deficient in anyone's diet?
A)calcium
B)phosphorus
C)iodine
D)zinc
Q4) Most phosphorus is found in the blood as ____.
A)HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup>-
B)H PO<sub>4</sub>-
C)PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3</sup>-
D)H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup>-
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Water and Electrolytes
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maintenance of blood volume is directly related to control of ____.
A)appetite
B)thyroid hormone level
C)respiratory rate
D)blood pressure
Q2) vasopressin
A)hormone produced in atrial cells of the heart; functions to inhibit sodium reabsorption in the kidney,thereby promoting fluid loss
B)hormone produced in hypothalamus; functions to conserve water by increasing reabsorption of water by the kidneys
C)hormone produced in adrenal cortex; functions to stimulate active reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys,thereby promoting fluid retention
D)enzyme produced by kidney; functions to hydrolyze angiotensinogen to angiotensin I E)active hormone produced by angiotensin-converting enzyme in the lungs; functions as vasoconstrictor,as stimulator for release of aldosterone,and as stimulator of hypothalamus to release vasopressin
Q3) A chloride deficiency might lead to problems in which systems? Give details.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which mineral is critical for oxidizing iron to be bound by transferrin for delivery to the tissues from the gut and liver?
A)zinc
B)manganese
C)copper
D)chromium
Q2) Nutrient-drug interactions caused by antacids used to treat GERD are most likely to result in ____.
A)poor absorption of nutrients such as iron
B)poor absorption of the drug when taken with grapefruit
C)enhanced metabolism of the drug, rendering it less effective when taken on an empty stomach
D)enhanced excretion of potassium and other electrolytes
Q3) Overall,assessing the status of zinc is difficult and requires multiple measures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain copper's role in normal iron metabolism and how a deficiency causes anemia.
Q5) Explain the uses of peroxidases.
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Chapter 14: Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arsenic's toxicity is directly related to its interaction with which part of proteins?
A)amino groups
B)carboxyl groups
C)sulfhydryl groups
D)side chains on amino acids
Q2) It has been suggested that which element modulates osteoblast and/or osteoclast activity in bones?
A)boron
B)arsenic
C)fluoride
D)nickel
Q3) Which element is found as a contaminant in lipsticks,soap,some antibiotics,and gastric antacids?
A)cobalt
B)arsenic
C)silicon
D)boron
Q4) Describe the pharmacological effects of vanadium.
Q5) Explain the physiological role of silicon in normal growth and bone development.
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