Graduate Seminar in Nursing Research Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of current trends, methodologies, and ethical considerations in nursing research at the graduate level. Through critical analysis of contemporary literature, students enhance their understanding of research design, data analysis, and interpretation within the context of nursing practice. The seminar emphasizes the development of research proposals, scholarly critique, and the application of evidence-based practice, fostering advanced skills necessary for clinical inquiry and professional leadership in healthcare settings. Students engage in collaborative discussions and presentations to synthesize knowledge and translate research findings into practical improvements in patient care.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing Research in Canada 4th Edition by
Geri LoBiondo Wood
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Chapter 1: The Role of Research in Nursing
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Q1) Why are nursing practice-oriented scientific investigations valuable?
A) They validate the effectiveness of particular nursing interventions.
B) They encourage consumers to question the quality of health care.
C) They limit the theory base for clinical decision making.
D) They mandate health care reform.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of Florence Nightingale's actions formed the foundation for modern-day nursing research methods?
A) Establishing the St. Thomas Hospital School of Nursing in England
B) Writing the curricula for the nineteenth-century nurse training programs
C) Lobbying the British parliament to enact changes in law for better health care
D) Collecting data systematically on the health status of British soldiers during the Crimean War
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework
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Q1) What is the major difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning?
A) Inductive reasoning is theory driven, and deductive reasoning is independent of theory.
B) Deductive reasoning forms the basis for qualitative research, and inductive reasoning forms the basis for quantitative research.
C) Deductive reasoning is an unconscious approach in which intuition, rather than logical, is the key feature, whereas inductive reasoning encompasses a more logical and systematic approach to problem identification.
D) Inductive reasoning starts with observed details that lead to a general structure or picture, whereas deductive reasoning begins with a structure or picture that guides the search for associated details.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process
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Q1) Which of the following factors is essential for an accurate and responsible critique of a research article or paper?
A) Skill in statistical analysis
B) Knowledge of the subject matter
C) Familiarity with the conceptual framework
D) In-depth comprehension of classic and current literature related to the study concepts
Answer: B
Q2) In which section of a research report would you expect to find the following statement? "Despite efforts to improve the discharge-planning process and subsequent outcomes,existing mechanisms fail to identify elders' needs for follow-up care,and studies report rehospitalization rates rising from 12% to 50%" (Bull et al.,1995; Happ et al.,1997; Lockery et al.,1993).
A) "Introduction"
B) "Methods"
C) "Results"
D) "Discussion"
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) Which of the following identified research problems has enough significance to warrant further development?
A) Children between 8 and 12 years do not eat the broccoli in their school lunches.
B) Women above 100 years old are at moderate risk for development of breast cancer.
C) Obese adults are at risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
D) The rate of sunscreen use among middle aged people is greater than 80%.
Q2) Which type of format is demonstrated by the following research question? "Is there a relationship between self-esteem and body weight among postmenopausal women?"
A) Correlational
B) Comparative nonexperimental
C) Quantitative experimental
D) Phenomenological
Q3) How is a hypothesis related to a theory?
A) A hypothesis can determine the validity of a theory.
B) A hypothesis can be used to evaluate the merit of a theory.
C) A theory can determine the validity of a hypothesis.
D) A theory can be used to evaluate the merit of a hypothesis.
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Chapter 5: Finding and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) Which of the following objectives of literature review is unique to a review for research purposes?
A) Discovering conceptual traditions used to examine problems
B) Generating useful research questions and hypotheses for nursing
C) Determining what is known and unknown about a subject, concept, or problem
D) Uncovering a new practice intervention or gaining support for current interventions, protocols, and policies
Q2) Which of the following is an appropriate method of "weeding out" irrelevant sources when conducting an electronic search for articles for the literature review on a selected topic?
A) Collecting and critically reading all articles related to the topic published in the last 10 years.
B) Selecting for printout only those articles whose abstracts indicate usefulness.
C) Avoiding articles from clinical journals.
D) Avoiding articles that do not include the term "study" in the title.
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Chapter 6: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) You are a staff nurse,and you observe a health care professional coercing a patient to agree to participate in a research study.What should you do in this situation?
A) Contact the hospital's REB.
B) Confront the researcher with your concerns.
C) Document your suspicions in the patient's medical record.
D) Secretly record the researcher's interaction with the patient.
Q2) The Research Ethics Board (REB)is responsible for A) approval of the research design.
B) protecting participants from undue risk.
C) ensuring that informed consent is obtained.
D) promotion of nursing research in health care institutions.
Q3) The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human participants and their choice to participate in a specific treatment.The ethical principle that describes a prospective participant's freedom to choose whether or not to participate in the research study is what?
A) Promoting Justice
B) Promoting Health and Well-Being
C) Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality
D) Preserving Dignity
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Chapter 7: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) What should be the determining factor for a researcher to conduct a qualitative study?
A) The need to test a theory
B) The nature of the research question
C) The age and gender of the study participants
D) The availability of valid instruments to measure the phenomenon
Q2) By what process does the nurse researcher set aside personal biases in order to avoid leading the participant to issues that may be important to the researcher?
A) Inference
B) Avoidance
C) Bracketing
D) Restructuring
Q3) A qualitative nursing research approach will be most suitable for which of the following research topics?
A) Experiences of elder abuse among diverse ethnic populations
B) Reduction of prehospital delay in the face of acute coronary syndrome symptoms
C) Examining trajectories of depressive symptoms among young adults
D) Perceived risk and willingness to interact with individuals with HIV or AIDS
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Chapter 8: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) Which of the following features distinguishes intensive dialogue from a simple interview?
A) The researcher makes detailed notes about the participant's responses during the interview.
B) The researcher is fully engaged, becoming a thoughtful presence during the interview.
C) The researcher develops the interview questions before the actual interview occurs.
D) The researcher completes the questionnaire for the participant to avoid any misunderstanding or confusion.
Q2) How does nursing research using the phenomenological approach differ from more traditional forms of research?
A) The results present the "lived experience."
B) The study participants are people with illness, injury, or disease.
C) The focus of the study is the actual or objective phenomenon itself.
D) The focus of the study is on understanding the reality of the phenomenon to the person experiencing it.
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Chapter 9: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) A researcher wants to study the effects of head injury in children under the age of 5 years on mothers' decisions to work outside of the home.Which of the following factors negatively affects the feasibility of this study?
A) The local region has a high percentage of single-parent families.
B) Head injuries in children under age 5 represented less than 1% of hospital admissions during the year previous to the study.
C) Children under the age of 5 years are not able to read, write, or give direct informed consent to participate in this study.
D) A comprehensive review of the literature shows no studies that examined this question were conducted during the past 15 years.
Q2) Which factors would be considered threats to internal validity?
A) Time
B) Selection effects
C) History
D) Testing
E) Participant availability
F) Cost
G) Selection bias
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Chapter 10: Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs
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Q1) What is the term used to describe the experimental treatment initiated by the researcher?
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Extraneous variable
D) Outcome variable
Q2) In the study by Siminoff,Burant,and Ibrahim entitled "Racial Disparities in Preferences and Perceptions Regarding Organ Donation," sampling was done using a random digit telephone technique.What threats to internal validity does this prevent?
A) Selection effects
B) Selection bias
C) Social desirability bias
D) Testing effects
Q3) What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of the Solomon four-group design?
A) Mortality
B) Selection bias
C) Testing
D) Antecedent variable
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Chapter 11: Non-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Which types of research designs are considered to be developmental studies?
A) Cross-sectional
B) Comparative
C) Exploratory
D) Longitudinal
E) Prospective
F) Cohort
G) Descriptive
Q2) What can a nurse researcher address in a study using a survey design?
A) Interrelationships of variables
B) Description of variables
C) Assessment of differences between variables
D) Determination of causation
E) Prediction of treatment outcomes
Q3) What features identify a study as methodological in design?
A) A description of how the tool's items were formulated
B) A description of the experimental treatment
C) A clear definition of how the construct was measured
D) A reporting on the tool's tested reliability and validity
E) A statistical table showing the effect of the independent variable
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) What is the appropriate sampling interval for drawing a systematic sample of 25 participants from 200 women who had breast enhancement surgery in the course of a particular year at a specific medical centre?
A) Every fourth patient
B) Every fifth patient
C) Every eighth patient
D) Every tenth patient
Q2) What is the major characteristic of a stratified sample?
A) The sample population is divided into subsets that are homogeneous for a particular trait or feature.
B) The sample population is divided into subsets for random assignment into an intervention group or a usual care group.
C) The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will differ from other groups on the basis of treatment type.
D) The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will differ from other groups on the basis of treatment duration.
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Chapter 13: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) Which data-collection method can be assessed by asking,"Are the majority of the items appropriately close-ended or open-ended?"
A) Questionnaires
B) Interviews
C) Physiological measurement
D) Records and databases
Q2) What is the most appropriate method of data collection the researcher can use to gather information from 1,000 people?
A) Field notes
B) Structured interview
C) Unstructured interview
D) Survey
Q3) What is the nurse researcher's primary concern in data collection for research?
A) Flexibility in data collection
B) Consistency in data collection
C) Accurate interpretation of data collected
D) Averaging of numerical scores to reduce the effect of outliers
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Chapter 14: Rigour in Research
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Q1) Which of the following types of validity is the most difficult to establish?
A) Content validity
B) Construct validity
C) Predictive validity
D) Concurrent validity
Q2) A nurse researcher should be concerned about an instrument's degree of internal consistency because it means what?
A) The instrument is appropriate to measure a single concept.
B) The instrument has low measurement error and high error variance.
C) More refinement of the instrument is needed before it can be applied.
D) The instrument is valid, but the reliability has yet to be determined.
Q3) A newly developed instrument is found to have a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82.The nurse researcher interprets this to mean what?
A) The instrument has no internal consistency.
B) The instrument has a low degree of internal consistency.
C) The instrument has a moderate degree of internal consistency.
D) The instrument has a relatively high degree of internal consistency.
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Chapter 15: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) What is the term used to describe the central meaning of the thematic conclusions drawn in phenomenological analysis?
A) Vignettes
B) Narrative
C) Essence
D) Phenomenon
Q2) Which of the following is the kind of data analysis that leads to the development of a cultural inventory?
A) Phenomenological
B) Grounded theory
C) Ethnographic
D) Historical
Q3) Which of the following criteria of scientific rigour for qualitative research is met when the research report leads the reader from the research question and raw data through the steps of analysis and interpretation of the data?
A) Trustworthiness
B) Auditability
C) Fittingness
D) Credibility
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Chapter 16: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) In a study of nurses' willingness to care for patients with a contagious disease,it was found that the greater the nurses' spirituality,the greater the willingness to provide care.This finding represents what?
A) No correlation
B) Perfect correlation
C) Positive correlation
D) Negative correlation
Q2) Which statements regarding measures of central tendency are accurate?
A) This classification of levels of measurement is scientifically inaccurate.
B) Having the mean, mode, and median exactly the same indicates the measures have been correctly applied.
C) They have great flexibility with regard to the amount of mathematical manipulation possible.
D) They vary from sample to sample, even when the same trait or characteristic is measured.
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Chapter 17: Presenting the Findings
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Q1) Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to interpret the evidence provided?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q2) The results section of a research report includes what?
A) Instruments
B) Data
C) Design
D) Theory
Q3) What conclusion should be drawn when the research hypothesis is not supported by the findings of a study?
A) The theoretical framework is invalid.
B) The study findings have no relevance.
C) The researcher should have used a different statistical test.
D) The study has one or more problems that restrict adequate investigation of the phenomenon.
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Chapter 18: Critiquing Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which of the following activities represents attention to credibility in a qualitative study?
A) Ensuring that all participants self-identified with a specific racial or ethnic group
B) Providing direct quotations from participants
C) Identifying the basic psychological process (BSP)
D) Participants recognizing their data and approving their accuracy during validation
Q2) What process should you,as a nurse,engage in before attempting to apply the results of a qualitative study in your own practice?
A) Use of triangulation to compare the study findings with those obtained by other investigations of the same phenomenon
B) Validation of the findings through interaction with people similar to study participants
C) Examination of the credentials of the person who conducted the study
D) Replication of the study
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Chapter 19: Critiquing Quantitative Research
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Q1) What does the quote "The high CES-D scores may indicate selection bias." found in the study by Hudson,Elek,and Campbell-Grossman,entitled,"Depression,Self-Esteem,Loneliness,and Social Support Among Adolescent Mothers Participating in the New Mothers' Project" indicate?
A) Implications for practice
B) Limitations of the study
C) Generalizability of the study
D) Recommendations for future research
Q2) A nursing student is critiquing a research study on the effects of test anxiety reduction and a review course on NCLEX success rates among graduate nurses.The student notes several threats to internal validity.Which variable's accuracy is affected by these threats?
A) NCLEX success rates
B) Graduate nurses
C) Review course
D) Type of nursing program
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice
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Q1) Which of the following conditions should be used to promote the decision to change practice based on evidence?
A) The researchers providing the majority of the evidence are recognized experts in the field.
B) Research reports on the new intervention demonstrate inconsistent or contradictory results.
C) The intervention was tested in a population with few characteristics in common with the proposed practice population.
D) The intervention is inexpensive and easy to learn, and the outcome can be measured objectively.
Q2) What is a useful approach to evaluate an EIP standard that has been recorded in writing by the health care professional?
A) Nursing staff meeting
B) Focus group
C) Patient safety committee
D) Quality improvement committee
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