Graduate Seminar in Nursing Research
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Course Introduction
The Graduate Seminar in Nursing Research is designed to immerse students in advanced concepts, methodologies, and current trends that drive nursing inquiry. Emphasizing both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the seminar fosters critical analysis of scholarly literature, ethical considerations in research design, and the translation of evidence into practice. Participants will engage in in-depth discussion, peer critique, and presentation of ongoing research projects, equipping them with the analytical tools and practical skills necessary to contribute meaningfully to the discipline and improve patient outcomes through evidence-based practice.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing Research in Canada Methods Critical Appraisal and Utilization 3rd Canadian Edition by
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Chapter 1: The Role of Research in Nursing
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Q1) What was the focus of most nursing research studies conducted during the first half of the twentieth century?
A) Nursing education methods and outcomes
B) Effects of sanitation on health promotion and disease prevention
C) Use of epidemiology as a method of identifying risk for specific illnesses
D) Identification of the most effective means to disseminate positive findings from nursing research
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is the overall value of developing evidence- informed nursing practice?
A) Implementation of the most cost-effective nursing practice patterns
B) Demonstration of how nursing makes a difference in patient outcomes
C) Separation of nursing research from the research of other disciplines
D) Development of new nursing theories
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework
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Q1) During a class examination,the course instructor notes that a student who usually does poorly in class tests has shaking hands,knocks over a bottle of water,breaks the points of two pencils,makes many erasures,and wrinkles her computer score sheet.The instructor concludes that the student has test anxiety.What type of reasoning is demonstrated by the instructor?
A) Inductive reasoning
B) Deductive reasoning
C) Theoretical reasoning
D) Faulty reasoning
Answer: A
Q2) In an article reporting the results of a qualitative study that used inductive reasoning methods,where is the conceptual framework usually presented?
A) Introduction
B) Methods
C) Statistical Analysis
D) Discussion
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process
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Q1) In critical reading,which of the following stages of understanding is demonstrated by a reader who looks up unfamiliar terms and highlights main concepts?
A) Analysis understanding
B) Synthesis understanding
C) Preliminary understanding
D) Comprehensive understanding
Answer: C
Q2) In critical reading,which of the following stages of understanding is demonstrated by a reader who determines that the findings of a study are appropriate to apply in his or her clinical practice?
A) Analysis understanding
B) Synthesis understanding
C) Preliminary understanding
D) Comprehensive understanding
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Developing Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) Which of the following statements about independent and dependent variables is true?
A) All research problem statements must contain a dependent variable and an independent variable.
B) There should only be one dependent variable associated with a single independent variable.
C) The relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable for any study must be causal.
D) A given characteristic or situation may be a dependent variable in one study and an independent variable in another.
Q2) In a research study,what are the properties of interest that take on different values and are different from each other?
A) Variables
B) Concepts
C) Hypotheses
D) Assumptions
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Chapter 5: Finding and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) Which of the following statements about literature review for research purposes is true?
A) Literature review has no relevance to interpreting the findings.
B) The researcher needs to review only the literature that supports the findings.
C) The researcher should review literature that supports the findings and also literature that refutes the findings.
D) Literature review is of relevance to the conceptualization of the study.
Q2) How are secondary sources valuable in literature review?
A) They provide material written by the person who conducted the study.
B) They provide a different way of looking at specific issues or problems.
C) They determine the relationship of two or more variables affecting an outcome.
D) They increase the body of nursing knowledge in a specific area of practice.
Q3) Some reviews of the literature are organized according to:
A) retrieved materials.
B) theoretical summaries.
C) importance of the author.
D) variables being studied.
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Chapter 6: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) You are a staff nurse,and you observe a health care professional coercing a patient to agree to participate in a research study.What should you do in this situation?
A) Contact the hospital's REB.
B) Confront the researcher with your concerns.
C) Document your suspicions in the patient's medical record.
D) Secretly tape-record the researcher's interaction with the patient.
Q2) Which of the following basic human rights is violated when a researcher allows an unauthorized person access to study data containing information about subject identities and responses?
A) Justice
B) Beneficence
C) Confidentiality
D) Respect for persons
Q3) The Research Ethics Board ( REB )is responsible for:
A) approval of the research design.
B) protecting participants from undue risk.
C) ensuring that informed consent is obtained.
D) promotion of nursing research in health care institutions.
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Chapter 7: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) A qualitative nursing research approach will be most suitable for which of the following research topics?
A) Experiences of elder abuse among diverse ethnic populations
B) Reduction of prehospital delay in the face of acute coronary syndrome symptoms
C) Examining trajectories of depressive symptoms among young adults
D) Perceived risk and willingness to interact with individuals with HIV or AIDS
Q2) Which part of the following research question constitutes its context?
"What is the grief experience of women over 30 from rural Saskatchewan who have experienced a late-stage pregnancy loss?"
A) Late-stage pregnancy loss
B) Women over 30
C) Grief experience
D) Saskatchewan
Q3) The term triangulation refers to:
A) a mathematical technique.
B) combining different methods, theories, data sources, or investigators.
C) information collected becoming repetitive.
D) possible applications of the results of qualitative studies.
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Chapter 8: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) What is the purpose of a "grounded theory" research design?
A) To ensure that the theory used has appropriate philosophical underpinnings
B) To move a concept from the perceived view to the received view
C) To test a theory for its specific application
D) To examine patterns of action and interaction between and among various types of social units
Q2) Which of the following actions or behaviours should be avoided in a study employing grounded theory methods?
A) Having "hunches" about emerging patterns before data gathering is completed
B) The researcher expressing his or her opinions or values to the participant
C) Changing how data about experiences are collected or selected after the study has been initiated
D) Expanding codes or data categories as the study progresses
Q3) Which of the following is considered the foundation of the grounded theory method of qualitative research?
A) Cultural anthropology
B) Spirituality or religiosity
C) Philosophy, art, and science
D) Symbolic interaction and social science
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Chapter 9: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) What is the purpose of randomization,or random assignment of subjects,in a study?
A) To ensure that all groups within a study are representative of the larger population.
B) To increase the chances that the study groups will be different from each other with regard to extraneous variables
C) To ensure that current events do not influence the outcomes of the study
D) To eliminate the need for establishing specific study criteria and subject eligibility
Q2) What is the overall purpose of research design?
A) To determine sample size
B) To identify the problem statement
C) To aid in the solution of a research question
D) To assist the researcher in identifying gaps in knowledge
Q3) For which type of quantitative study is the issue of control less important?
A) Paper-and-pencil
B) Exploratory
C) Experimental
D) Correlational
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Chapter 10: Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs
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Q1) By what specific criterion should you judge the results or findings of experimental research?
A) The size of the experimental group compared with the size of the control group
B) The validity that the experimental treatment caused the desired effect on the outcome
C) The degree to which the research questions were congruent with the hypotheses and the purpose of the study
D) The degree to which the researcher was able to apply the findings to clinical or practice settings
Q2) Which of the following types of quasiexperimental design is implemented when subjects are not randomly assigned to groups?
A) Nonequivalent control group design
B) After-only control group design
C) Solomon four-group design
D) Time series design
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Chapter 11: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) Which of the following would be used to assess whether mental health patients who received cognitive behavioural therapy via smart phones remain out of hospitals for longer periods of time.
A) Cross-sectional survey
B) longitudinal, comparative survey
C) Predictive, statistical survey
D) Causative, correlational survey
Q2) Which of the following factors or situations in a study using a correlational design should cause you to question the validity of the study?
A) The study did not have a nontreatment control group.
B) The researchers concluded that a causal relationship existed between the variables.
C) The researchers suggested that their findings had practical application in a clinical setting.
D) The researchers used pre-existing instruments to measure the variables instead of developing specific instruments for the study.
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) Which of the following is the process of selecting representative units of a population for a research investigation?
A) Sampling
B) Snowballing
C) Delimitation
D) Random assignment
Q2) What process is employed when a researcher accrues a sample of participants by using the word-of-mouth approach?
A) Referral
B) Networking
C) Recruitment
D) Quasiprobability
Q3) What is the major benefit of nonprobability sampling,as compared with probability sampling?
A) It does not affect generalizability.
B) Informed consent must be obtained.
C) The necessary sample sizes are easier to obtain.
D) Sample sizes are too small for most methods of statistical analysis.
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Chapter 13: Data-Collection Methods
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Q1) In a study conducted at a large long-term care facility,two data collectors examined 56 pressure ulcers on 40 different subjects.The examinations were independently performed but on the same day.A comparison of the results indicated that the data collectors,who used the Braden Scale for pressure ulcer assessment,had identical scores for 54 of the 56 ulcers.What can be determined from this finding?
A) Interrater reliability between the two data collectors was high.
B) Interrater reliability between the two data collectors was low.
C) The data collection method was inappropriate for the phenomenon under investigation.
D) In order to establish interrater reliability, both data collectors should have examined each pressure ulcer at the same time.
Q2) Which of the following terms describes the process of translating the researcher's concepts of interest into observable and measurable phenomena?
A) Analysis
B) Objectivity
C) Consistency
D) Operationalization
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Chapter 14: Rigour in Research
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Q1) Under what condition should a Kuder-Richardson (KR-20)coefficient be used to establish the internal consistency of an instrument?
A) When questions are open-ended
B) When questions or statements require a yes or no response
C) When the instrument uses a Likert-type response scale
D) When the instrument is designed to measure more than one concept
Q2) By using the item-to-total correlation in testing an instrument that consisted of 25 items for homogeneity,8 items were found to have a low correlation to the total.How should the researcher use this information?
A) Use the instrument without changes.
B) Only use the instrument with a multitrait-multimethod approach.
C) Retain the 8 items with low correlation and delete the other 17 items.
D) Delete the 8 items with low correlation and retain the other 17 items.
Q3) Testing of a new instrument demonstrates that it has a high degree of internal consistency.What does this mean?
A) The instrument is appropriate to measure a single concept.
B) The instrument has low measurement error and high error variance.
C) More refinement of the instrument is needed before it can be applied.
D) The instrument is valid, but the reliability has yet to be determined.
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Chapter 15: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Which of the following is a possible ethical issue that must be considered when evaluating qualitative research?
A) Researchers focus on the emic view of participant experiences.
B) Researchers may want to speak to participants on more than one occasion.
C) Researchers serve as instruments for data interpretation.
D) Researchers may assign codes with personal meaning to sort data for interpretation.
Q2) Which of the following is an important feature of most qualitative analysis methods?
A) Primary and secondary documents serving as main data sources
B) Data collection and analysis occurring in a cyclic, interrelated manner
C) Observation being the key method of data collection
D) The researcher's avoidance of personal beliefs and feelings about the topic of focus
Q3) Which of the following is the term for the huge volume of data collected during qualitative research?
A) Essential data
B) Fat data
C) Interview data
D) Observational data
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Chapter 16: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) In a study about the willingness of nurses to provide care to patients with AIDS,it was found that the deeper the nurses' spirituality,the greater was the willingness to provide care.What type of correlation does this finding represent?
A) No correlation
B) Perfect correlation
C) Positive correlation
D) Negative correlation
Q2) The change in heart rate in patients with diabetes mellitus was reported as 10.95 ± 9.21 for the Adult type 1 group.How many standard deviations from the mean is a change of 23?
A) 1 SD
B) 2 SD
C) 3 SD
D) 4 SD
Q3) What do measures of central tendency describe?
A) How reliably the findings can be generalized
B) The amount of dispersion in the sample
C) The accuracy of predictions made
D) The average member of the sample
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Chapter 17: Presenting the Findings
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Q1) Researchers and reviewers should accept statistical significance with:
A) the belief that statistically significant results are the final word.
B) cautious regard for how results might apply to practice.
C) the view that careful appraisal is needed to apply results to theory.
D) the idea that additional testing is not necessary.
Q2) How should the following statements be interpreted?
(1)"There is a positive relationship between the degree of social support available to new mothers and maternal attachment scores." (2)"The Pearson correlation coefficient was r = 0.79,p <.05."
A) The hypothesis was proven.
B) The hypothesis was supported.
C) The result was clinically significant but not statistically significant.
D) The statistical analysis indicates that the positive correlation was a chance event.
Q3) What critical behaviour should investigators demonstrate when presenting their results?
A) Researcher bias
B) Appropriateness
C) Objectivity
D) Inference
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Chapter 18: Critiquing Qualitative Research
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Q1) What is meant when a qualitative researcher indicates that the process of research used was "NVivo"?
A) The study blended qualitative and quantitative approaches.
B) All research processes were performed simultaneously.
C) More than one researcher was responsible for data collection.
D) A computer program was used to categorize data.
Q2) What did the metaphor of a "black box" symbolize in experimental research?
A) A wondrous "bag of tricks" that can help increase study participation
B) The participants' choice to participate
C) A motivational, TV-like box that provided inspiration and positive feedback to study participants
D) The unknown, intermediary steps in the study implementation process that account for the experiment effects.
Q3) Which of the following titles is appropriate for a qualitative study?
A) Exploring the Relationship Between Age of Teen and Degree of Maternal Bonding
B) Evaluating Decision Making Coaching Intervention in Cancer Treatment
C) Using Virtual Reality as a Distraction Method During Chemotherapy
D) Understanding Tradition of Fetal Genital Mutilation
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Chapter 19: Critiquing Quantitative Research
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Q1) Where in a report of a quantitative research study would you expect the gaps or conflicts about the studied phenomenon to be identified?
A) Analysis of data
B) Research design
C) Problem statement
D) Review of the literature
Q2) Where in a report of a quantitative research study would you expect the gaps or conflicts about the studied phenomenon to be identified?
A) Analysis of data
B) Research design
C) Problem statement
D) Review of the literature
Q3) Under which heading of a research report are the threats to a study's internal and external validity usually presented?
A) Design
B) Results
C) Discussion
D) Data analysis
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice
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Q1) Which of the following is the term for data that are collected to assess patient satisfaction,staff outcomes,or fiscal differences as a result of specific interventions?
A) Process measures
B) Outcome measures
C) Secondary measures
D) Compliance measures
Q2) Which of the following types of support for a nursing action or intervention is eliminated by EIP?
A) Expert advice
B) Ritual-based practices
C) Case studies
D) Findings from quasiexperimental studies
Q3) The use of research findings to promote the adoption of evidence-informed practice guidelines can be described as:
A) dissemination activities.
B) translating research into practice (TRIP).
C) research utilization.
D) critiquing findings.
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