Graduate Seminar in Nursing Research Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
The Graduate Seminar in Nursing Research is designed to engage students in an in-depth exploration of current research topics, methodologies, and critical issues in the field of nursing. Through the analysis of recent scholarly articles, ongoing research projects, and guest lectures from experts, students will enhance their ability to critically evaluate research literature, formulate research questions, and discuss the application of evidence-based practice. The course also provides a supportive environment for students to develop their own research proposals and presentations, fostering scholarly dialogue and collaboration among emerging nursing researchers.
Recommended Textbook Nursing Research in Canada 4th Edition by
Geri LoBiondo Wood
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Chapter 1: The Role of Research in Nursing
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Q1) How is using multiple measures to assess a clinical phenomenon useful to nursing research or practice?
A) When multiple measures are used, qualitative data and quantitative data are always obtained.
B) Using multiple measures reduces the number of participants needed in a sample size to reach statistical significance.
C) Comparison of various methods of measurement may reduce the need to use invasive methods in measuring physical parameters in future studies.
D) The results of studies using multiple measures to assess a clinical phenomenon are more likely to be published in journals other than nursing journals as well.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is the overall value of developing evidence-informed nursing practice?
A) Demonstration of how nursing makes a difference in patient outcomes
B) Implementation of the most cost-effective nursing practice patterns
C) Separation of nursing research from the research of other disciplines
D) Development of new nursing theories
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework
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Q1) "The ontological view that human responses to health and illness can be measured" best describes which of the following?
A) Post-positivist
B) Critical
C) Constructivist
D) Critical and constructivist
Answer: A
Q2) "The fundamental epistemological stance that all knowledge is personal and based on the interests,experiences,and perceptions of the researcher and the research participant" best describes which of the following?
A) Post-positivist
B) Critical
C) Constructivist
D) Critical and constructivist
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the
Research Process
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Q1) You were reading a nursing research article on comparing methods of teaching patients newly diagnosed with diabetes about self-administering insulin by injection.You found that you had to read the article four times before you were comfortable evaluating the accuracy and quality of the reported results.How would you interpret this situation?
A) You were reading the article too fast to comprehend key concepts.
B) The article is written at a level too high for your analytical skills.
C) You were probably using critical reading skills to analyze the article.
D) Your knowledge of diabetes is insufficient.
Answer: C
Q2) In which section of a research report or study would the study sampling be presented?
A) "Methods"
B) "Discussion"
C) "Conceptual Framework"
D) "Review of Literature"
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) Which of the following hypotheses is nondirectional?
A) A hospital with an infection control nurse will have fewer instances of sepsis among inpatients than will a hospital without an infection control nurse.
B) Greater weight loss will be seen among dieting patients who receive a weekly supportive telephone call from a dietitian than among dieting patients who do not receive a weekly supportive phone call.
C) A difference in the stage of prostate cancer will be seen among men who had an abnormal result from prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening compared with men who had an abnormal result from digital rectal examination (DRE) screening.
D) Children who receive weekly counselling for 1 year after the death of a parent will perform better in school than will children who do not receive weekly counselling after the death of a parent.
Q2) The initial review of the literature helps the investigator:
A) organize the summary.
B) identify statistical tests.
C) identify the need to extend knowledge base.
D) determine the scope of the study.
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Chapter 5: Finding and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) How should an article reporting the results of a study that failed to obtain significant findings be categorized?
A) Empirical literature
B) Conceptual literature
C) Clinical literature
D) Informational literature
Q2) Where is the literature review typically found in a research report?
A) In the abstract
B) In the Discussion section
C) Following the Methods section
D) After the beginning of the report
Q3) Some reviews of the literature are organized according to
A) retrieved materials.
B) theoretical summaries.
C) importance of the author.
D) variables being studied.
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Chapter 6: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) How should a completed and signed informed consent form be handled?
A) It is turned over to the agency's REB for safekeeping.
B) It is sent to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research as evidence of compliance.
C) It is copied; one copy is given to the participant and the other is filed by the researcher in a secured location.
D) There is not special procedure for handling a consent form.
Q2) You are a staff nurse,and you observe a health care professional coercing a patient to agree to participate in a research study.What should you do in this situation?
A) Contact the hospital's REB.
B) Confront the researcher with your concerns.
C) Document your suspicions in the patient's medical record.
D) Secretly record the researcher's interaction with the patient.
Q3) What basic human right exists when participants have the right to withdraw from a study without penalty?
A) Right to self-determination
B) Right to anonymity and confidentiality
C) Right to fair treatment
D) Right to protection from discomfort and harm
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Chapter 7: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) In what section of the study does the researcher typically describe new conceptual conclusions from the study?
A) Abstract
B) Conclusion
C) Data Analysis
D) Literature Review
Q2) Which of the following study purposes and methodological procedures is inappropriate for qualitative methods?
A) Testing of a new hypothesis
B) Using an intensive approach to data collection
C) Using inductive analysis with the captured data
D) Examining individual responses to a nonmodifiable situation
Q3) The term triangulation refers to
A) a mathematical technique.
B) combining different methods, theories, data sources, or investigators.
C) information collected becoming repetitive.
D) possible applications of the results of qualitative studies.
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Chapter 8: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) Which of the following research questions is most appropriate for a grounded theory approach?
A) How do incarcerated persons interact with fellow prisoners convicted of violent crimes against children?
B) How do First Nations adolescent girls select a method of contraception?
C) What percentage of primary school teachers has a master's degree?
D) How is the total number of clinical hours in a nursing program related to NCLEX pass rates?
Q2) For an ethnographic study titled "How Rural Northern Albertan Families With Preschool Children Define and Practice Health," the researcher gathered data from mothers who were identified as the primary directors of health care within the family unit.What role did the mothers have in this study?
A) Community informants
B) General informants
C) Local informants
D) Key informants
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Chapter 9: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) A nurse researcher should consider mortality a threat to the study's internal validity for which of these reasons?
A) There is concern that the intervention may have harmful effects on participants.
B) Those who dropped out of the study may be different than those who remained in the study.
C) Those who participated in the study may have died as a result of being in the study.
D) There is concern that the design is inappropriate for the study question if a large number of participants dropout of a study.
Q2) In what way could a homogeneous population of participants in a study weaken the study?
A) By decreasing the reliability of the findings
B) By decreasing the generalizability of the findings
C) By increasing the number of participants needed to reach statistical significance
D) By increasing the risk of the findings being the result of chance alone
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Chapter 10: Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs
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Q1) How differently is the independent variable handled in studies with an experimental design or a quasi-experimental design?
A) An independent variable is not identified or needed in a quasi-experimental design.
B) Both designs identify an independent variable, and both manipulate the independent variable.
C) Experimental designs demonstrate that the independent variable is related to the outcome, but quasi-experimental studies allow for independent variables that stand alone.
D) Although both designs identify an independent variable, experimental designs identify it before the research is initiated, and quasi-experimental designs identify it after the data have been analyzed.
Q2) In a study using a true experimental design,which of these methods would control for antecedent variables?
A) Manipulation of the independent variable
B) After-only data collection
C) Intervention fidelity
D) Random assignment to groups
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Chapter 11: Non-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Which of the following is an advantage of research studies that examine the association or relationships between variables?
A) Ability to determine a causal relationship
B) Possibility for greater manipulation of the variables
C) Randomization of participants that allows for increased generalizability
D) Potential for application in clinical settings and establishment of a foundation for future experimental studies.
Q2) How does an experimental research design differ from a nonexperimental research design?
A) Experimental designs allow observation of a phenomenon as it naturally occurs, and nonexperimental designs permit environmental manipulation.
B) Nonexperimental designs manipulate the dependent variable, and experimental designs manipulate the independent variable.
C) Nonexperimental designs attempt to test differences among variables, and experimental designs attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
D) Experimental designs are scientific, and nonexperimental designs have no scientific basis.
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) A nurse researcher has made a generalization on the basis of the experience of a small number of participants.What will the result of this be?
A) Small samples invalidate hypotheses.
B) The researcher may be unable to eliminate his or her bias.
C) Data obtained from a small number may represent the phenomenon inadequately.
D) Small samples increase historical threats to internal validity.
Q2) Which of the following statements best identifies the sample descriptors that form the basis for eligibility criteria in sample selection?
A) A sample of 1,000 practising nurses in a selected state was surveyed.
B) The sample consisted of 267 Canadian girls and American girls who lived in urban areas in their respective countries.
C) The sample consisted of 40 men between the ages of 20 and 55 who were treated for burn injuries during the past decade at a specialized burn unit.
D) The sample consisted of 57 hospital nurse executives and 178 staff registered nurses employed in Ontario.
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Chapter 13: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) A nurse researcher would choose physiological data-collection methods for which reason?
A) Cost and participant acceptance
B) Reduced duration of data collection
C) Objectivity and sensitivity
D) No need for interrater reliability determination
Q2) During a research project,the researcher notes that the participant completes each assigned task with a much higher level of performance than he normally exhibits.How should a nurse researcher most accurately describe this change in the participant's behaviour?
A) Reactivity
B) Instability
C) Therapeutic
D) Interventionist
Q3) Which of the following data-collection methods is most at risk of researcher bias?
A) Questionnaires
B) Available data
C) Observation methods
D) Physiological measurement
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Chapter 14: Rigour in Research
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Q1) Which measures used to test reliability are specific for homogeneity?
A) Test-retest reliability
B) Item-to-total correlation
C) Parallel or alternate form
D) Split-half reliability
E) Kuder-Richardson coefficient
F) Cronbach's alpha
G) Inter-rater reliability
Q2) A nurse researcher describes an instrument that is administered repeatedly and obtains the same results as having what?
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Consistency
D) Predictability
Q3) A new instrument has been determined to be highly valid.The nurse researcher should interpret this finding to mean what?
A) It is sensitive but not specific.
B) Its use results in minimal random errors.
C) It accurately measures level of mentation.
D) Determination of inter-rater reliability is unnecessary.
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Chapter 15: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Which of the following is the kind of data analysis that leads to the development of a cultural inventory?
A) Phenomenological
B) Grounded theory
C) Ethnographic
D) Historical
Q2) What is the term used to describe the central meaning of the thematic conclusions drawn in phenomenological analysis?
A) Vignettes
B) Narrative
C) Essence
D) Phenomenon
Q3) What is the purpose of data display in qualitative analysis?
A) To describe relationships among emerging themes in qualitative data
B) To organize qualitative data into meaningful clusters
C) To record observational data for analysis
D) To organize data to facilitate conclusion drawing
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Chapter 16: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) The nurse researcher is interested in using nominal level data.The object or event that could be used if nominal-level data are of primary interest is what?
A) Test scores
B) Education level
C) Marital status
D) Weight
Q2) In a study about how women adjust to living with breast cancer,the youngest participant was 23 years old and the oldest participant was 89 years old.What do these facts represent?
A) Mean age
B) Modal age
C) Median age
D) Range in age
Q3) The nurse researcher opts to use interval-level data.The researcher's primary concern will be what?
A) Categories must be mutually exclusive.
B) Intervals between data categories must be equal.
C) The rank of zero (0) represents the absence of the measured variable.
D) Variance between assigned categories is qualitative rather than quantitative.
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Chapter 17: Presenting the Findings
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Q1) The results section of a research report includes what?
A) Instruments
B) Data
C) Design
D) Theory
Q2) Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to determine if data collection was consistent?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q3) The findings of a study include what?
A) Methods
B) Conclusions
C) Interpretations
D) Theories
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Chapter 18: Critiquing Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which of the following processes should you avoid when evaluating qualitative research?
A) Reading the research report to identify participants' emic views and ideas
B) Performing a power analysis to determine the adequacy of sample size
C) Determining whether the author's conclusions reflect the study findings
D) Identifying the purpose of the research
Q2) What is meant when a qualitative researcher indicates that the process of research used was "NVivo"?
A) The study blended qualitative and quantitative approaches.
B) All research processes were performed simultaneously.
C) More than one researcher was responsible for data collection.
D) A computer program was used to categorize data.
Q3) Why are themes important results for a qualitative study?
A) They reflect the congruence between the questions asked and the method of study used.
B) They allow description of a large quantity of data in a condensed format.
C) They demonstrate both emic and etic views of a topic.
D) They explain the nature of the differences reported by participants experiencing a similar phenomenon.
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Chapter 19: Critiquing Quantitative Research
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Q1) Why should other nurses evaluate the scientific merit of quantitative nursing research studies?
A) To diversify the focus of nursing
B) To broaden the base for nursing practice
C) To demonstrate that nursing is a true science as well as a discipline
D) To ensure that nursing research does not "borrow" from other disciplines
Q2) What is indicated in this abstract of a study report? "This research was an exploratory descriptive investigation of the pregnancy experiences of a multiethnic group of pregnant adolescents."
A) Aims
B) Design
C) Significance
D) Implications
Q3) Which statement most accurately evaluates a quantitative research study report's scientific merit?
A) The sample size was appropriate for the statistical tests used.
B) The study had one independent variable and two dependent variables.
C) Data described in narrative form within the text could have been more concise in a table.
D) The discussion was excessive in length.
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice
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Q1) A nurse researcher writes an article for the Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics based on his research (previously published in Computers in Nursing)on the variables that predict the successful implementation of a computerized documentation system.This research activity is described as research
A) dissemination.
B) recruitment.
C) evaluation.
D) analysis.
Q2) What is a useful approach to evaluate an EIP standard that has been recorded in writing by the health care professional?
A) Nursing staff meeting
B) Focus group
C) Patient safety committee
D) Quality improvement committee
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