Graduate Seminar in Educational Research
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Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of contemporary methodologies, theories, and practices in educational research. Designed for graduate students, the seminar facilitates critical engagement with scholarly literature, emphasizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Participants will analyze current trends, ethical issues, and methodological challenges, while developing their abilities to design, critique, and present research proposals. Collaborative discussions, presentations, and peer feedback are central components, fostering a scholarly community geared towards advancing knowledge and practice in the field of education.
Recommended Textbook
Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Applications Global Edition 11th Edition by
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Research
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Q1) Dean is a quantitative researcher who studies attitudes about computer use. Which of the following data collection strategies is most consistent with a quantitative research design?
A) Observe a few participants over an extended period of time as they work on computers.
B) Conduct focus group interviews to determine computer users' attitudes.
C) Interview a few participants and ask them to refer others to the study.
D) Develop and administer a Likert-type survey to collect attitude data.
Answer: D
Q2) Michele is interested in the effects on learning outcomes of questions within instructional materials delivered to learners via the web. She randomly assigns students to groups given either materials with questions or materials with no questions and assesses the effects of the questions based upon student performance on multiple-choice questions administered after learning. Of the following, Michele's research could best be described as
A) survey.
B) correlational.
C) experimental.
D) narrative.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Selecting and Defining a Research Topic
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Q1) Chyna is conducting a study with college students reading science texts that explores the role of interest apart from knowledge as articulated in Patricia Alexander's Model of Domain Learning. Chyna's research problem is best described as a study that A) tests theory.
B) is a replication.
C) is developed from a library search.
D) comes from personal experiences.
Answer: A
Q2) Given the hypothesis statement: Those students enrolled in instrumental music programs experience less transition anxiety as they enter middle school in a large urban district than do those students not enrolled in instrumental music programs. The dependent variable in this study is:
A) Middle school students
B) Urban district
C) Transition anxiety
D) Instrumental music programs
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Reviewing the Literature
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Q1) Glenda's study addresses a current topic in education, case libraries. Glenda is concerned about her sources. Although the studies come from peer-reviewed journals, none of them have methodology sections and it appears they include prominent researchers' opinions. What is likely Glenda's concern?
A) Her sources are too dated.
B) Her sources are secondary references.
C) Her sources are popular not scholarly.
D) Her sources are subjective.
Answer: B
Q2) Wheldon is conducting a review of the existing research on community members motivation to serve on school boards. Of the following, which represents the most important question that he should consider as he evaluates the sources?
A) Does the source apply to his research problem?
B) From which institutions were the authors from?
C) Is there a book on the topic?
D) Was the study quantitative or qualitative?
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Preparing and Evaluating a Research Plan
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Q1) Which of the following is a suggestion for qualitative researchers regarding conducting fieldwork prior to their proposal?
A) Fieldwork is conducted only after the research plan is approved.
B) Fieldwork conducted prior to the proposal is unethical.
C) Fieldwork prior to proposal is unadvisable as it may decrease potential participants.
D) Fieldwork conducted prior to the formal proposal is advisable.
Q2) Allie is writing a title for her qualitative study of elementary student experiences with guided inquiry in science. According to the text, what is the importance of a good title?
A) It will persist through the study and any publications.
B) It provides a frame of reference for the researcher.
C) It conveys the analysis strategies used in the study.
D) It anticipates problems that may arise throughout the study.
Q3) A research plan includes all of the following EXCEPT
A) the interpretation of the findings.
B) the nature of the participants.
C) the instruments used to collect the data.
D) the techniques to analyze the data.
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Chapter 5: Selecting a Sample
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Q1) The first step in probability sampling is to
A) identify the sampling technique to use.
B) identify the population.
C) determine the sample size.
D) select the sample.
Q2) Of the following, which is a common example of demographic information collected in a survey study?
A) opinion
B) gender
C) interest
D) ability
Q3) Missy is a key informant in Allison's study on teenage girls' study habits. Of the following, which is likely the strategy by which Missy was selected?
A) Random sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Criterion sampling
D) Cluster sampling
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Chapter 6: Selecting Measurement Instruments
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Q1) Sal recently took an instrument that asked him to rate his opinions about the effectiveness of different instructional practices as 'Strongly Agree', 'Agree', 'Uncertain', 'Disagree', 'Strongly Disagree'. This instrument is using a
A) Semantic Differential Scale.
B) Guttman Scale.
C) Likert Scale.
D) Thurstone Scale.
Q2) Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability are both measures of A) test-retest reliability.
B) alternate forms reliability.
C) internal consistency reliability.
D) external reliability.
Q3) Which of the following illustrates norm-referenced scoring?
A) Sally got all the items correct on her exam.
B) Sally performed at the average of the class.
C) Sally's score on the exam was an 85.
D) Sally's score indicated improvement.
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Chapter 7: Survey Research
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Q1) Seth sends out a survey to all parents and teachers in the district to gather opinions about local school safety. Seth's study is an example of ________ survey research.
A) cross-sectional
B) trend
C) cohort
D) panel
Q2) Ida is a teacher who is interested in other teachers' opinions of full day versus part day kindergarten programs. Ida's study can best be described as a A) developmental survey.
B) school survey.
C) practical survey.
D) sample survey.
Q3) One drawback of personal administration methods is that A) it is difficult to get personal data.
B) there is a strong possibility of response sets.
C) administrators must be trained.
D) possible interviewer bias.
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Chapter 8: Correlational Research
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Q1) In a prediction study of low achieving students academic motivation, Hillary was surprised that achievement scores were not a significant predictor of motivation. Hillary's analysis is most likely is displaying A) shrinkage.
B) attenuation.
C) standard variance.
D) restriction of range.
Q2) Regarding sampling, one strategy to facilitate obtaining accurate results when there will be subgroup correlations is to select a
A) stratified sample.
B) cluster sample.
C) random sample.
D) purposive sample.
Q3) In a single prediction question (Y=a + bX), X represents a(n)
A) predicted criterion score.
B) distribution of scores in the sample.
C) individual's score on the predictor variable.
D) constant calculated from the scores.
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Chapter 9: Causal-Comparative Research
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Q1) One similarity between causal-comparative and correlational research is that both A) can determine causal events.
B) can be treated as a type of descriptive research.
C) attempt to establish causes.
D) rely on the same research procedures.
Q2) Nala wants to determine if providing awards for science fair winners increases or decreases participation by average students. She thinks that by promoting science as a competition some children may decide not to participate. To address this question, Nala identifies two types of schools in her district, schools that provide awards or schools that do not. She compares the participation rate of students in her two groups. Given Nala's study, what is the independent variable?
A) School location
B) Student achievement
C) School type
D) Participation rate
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Chapter 10: Experimental Research
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Q1) Marcy is concerned that her findings may be due to an extraneous uncontrolled variable and not her treatment. Marcy is most concerned with
A) internal consistency reliability.
B) inter-rater reliability.
C) external validity.
D) internal validity.
Q2) Grace conducts research on race and achievement in mathematics. She designs a study to investigate whether a new intervention she designed increases African-American students' math achievement scores. She randomly assigns college-bound African-American students to the intervention or to a control condition. Grace gives a mathematics achievement test in September to both groups. Through the academic year the treatment condition receives the intervention. She uses end of year achievement tests to see whether there are differences between conditions. Which of the following best represents the design of Grace's study?
A) One-group posttest-only
B) One-group pretest-posttest
C) Pretest-posttest control group
D) Two by two factorial
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Chapter 11: Single-Subject Experimental Research
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Q1) Bryce is a occupational therapist working with Sandy, a patient with brain injury. Bryce has decided to test the effects of a graphing strategy with Sandy. He starts the graphing technique while collecting data in the form of minutes of strength training per day. He discontinues the graphing technique and still collects minutes of strength training per day. Bryce then reintroduces the graphing technique. Bryce has employed which of the following types of single-subjects designs?
A) Case study Design
B) A-B Design
C) B-A-B Design
D) A-B-A Design
Q2) Which of the following presents an example of an additive design?
A)OOOO\(\quad\quad\)XOXOXOXOXO
B)\(\text { XOXO \quad XOXOXOXOXO } \quad OOOO\)
C)\(\text { XOXO } \quad OOOOOOOOOO\)
D)\(\text { OOOO ~~XOXOXOXOXO~~~ OOOO }\)
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Chapter 12: Narrative Research
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Q1) Nancy studies moving and social relationships in adolescents. Which of the following is likely a topic for her narrative research study?
A) The relationship between number of moves and high school GPA
B) The average number of moves in lower SES children
C) The effects of moving on number of intimate friends in high school seniors
D) The experiences of a student with multiple moves
Q2) Marge is a narrative researcher. Which of the following is most likely the goal for her study of young boys' sports injuries?
A) To catalog the number and type of injuries in a single calendar year
B) To increase awareness of sports injuries in youth sport
C) To help to develop awareness of the long term consequences of youth sport injuries
D) To explore the experiences of injured youth athletes and their families
Q3) Which of the following is considered an example of a 'field text' technique?
A) Norming a new assessment tool
B) Have participants share oral histories
C) Calculating the inter-rater reliability while scoring student responses
D) Comparing observation protocols with other researchers conducting similar studies
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Ethnographic Research
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Q1) The purpose of ethnographic research project that examines study hall behaviors might be to
A) understand the nature of students' study hall behaviors.
B) report the number of study hall minutes wasted by typical sophomore students.
C) demonstrate the value of study hall for all students
D) show the relationship between study hall time and academic achievement
Q2) Ethnographers are most interested in data that support A) relationships among variables.
B) predictions variables can make.
C) cultural patterns of participants.
D) calculation of pertinent statistics.
Q3) When researchers rely on more than one means of data collection to describe, analyze, and interpret a research setting, they are said to be using which of the following procedures?
A) Context validity
B) Triangulation
C) Generalization
D) Integration
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Chapter 14: Case Study Research
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Q1) Of the following, which is the best example of a multiple case study?
A) Josh compares the results of two studies conducted on the outcomes of environmental education programs.
B) Maricella compares the experiences of two different families as they cope with medical decisions related to their newborn children.
C) Kenya compares the self-reported family dynamics between male and female single-parent families
D) Nadia examines the differences between student writing outcomes between those provided personal laptops in school and those who are not provided laptops
Q2) Which of the following is the statement most consistent with your textbook's perspective of case study research?
A) Case studies are generally considered a type of quantitative research
B) Case studies focus on mixed methods designs.
C) Case studies only include qualitative data.
D) Case studies are generally considered a type of qualitative research.
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Chapter 15: Mixed Methods Research
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Q1) Pete is interested in the effectiveness of the new creative writing curriculum. He begins with interviews of teachers to assess needs and develop the curriculum. After implementation, he observes classes using the new curriculum, interviews students and teachers about their perceptions of the curriculum, and then examines end of year state-wide writing test grades. Pete's mixed methods study is best described as one that employs a(n) _____________ design.
A) multistage evaluation
B) exploratory sequential
C) explanatory sequential
D) convergent parallel
Q2) Mechteld is primarily interested in strategies that increase students' interest and achievement in mathematics. She begins with interviews of students. Based on those qualitative findings, she then develops an interest questionnaire. Mechteld's sampling for the questionnaire should involve
A) purposive sampling from a new set of participants from the same population.
B) all participants from the qualitative phase.
C) random sampling from a new set of participants from the same population.
D) purposive sampling of participants from the qualitative phase.
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17
Chapter 16: Action Research
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Q1) Naima is a speech and language specialist. She works with several students in a large elementary school. She uses mixed age groupings to work with children with specific needs. For example, she places all the students who are disfluent in one group. This year the age discrepancies in her groups seem particularly large and this has made her consider this as an area of focus for an action research study. By asking students how they feel about the mixed age groups, Naima may be demonstrating several characteristics of action research. In doing so, she is best illustrating which of the following characteristics of action research?
A) Action research is democratic.
B) Action research is equitable.
C) Action research is liberating.
D) Action research is enhancing.
Q2) According to your text, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of practical action research?
A) Teacher researchers have decision-making authority.
B) Teacher researchers will use a systematic approach for reflecting on practice.
C) Teacher researchers will anonymously collect data.
D) Teacher researchers will reflect on their practices.
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Chapter 17: Descriptive Statistics
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Q1) Which of he following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
A) Mode
B) Standard deviation
C) Mean
D) Median
Q2) Claus received a raw score of 86. Given that the test had a mean of 88, and a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following best represents Claus's z score?
A) -1.5
B) -.5
C) .5
D) 2.5
Q3) Given the following set of scores: 6,7,5,12,11,9,9,7,6,10,6. The score that represents the range is:
A) 6.
B) 7.
C) 9.
D) 10.
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Chapter 18: Inferential Statistics
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Q1) The statistical test that allows us to determine the degree to which variables are related is
A) ANCOVA.
B) MANOVA.
C) Multiple regression.
D) Chi Square.
Q2) In determining the test of significance to select, one must consider all of the following EXCEPT
A) number of groups being compared.
B) number of independent variables.
C) the effect sizes needed.
D) scale of measurement represented by data.
Q3) Katie questions whether there are significant differences in her study but her significance level is unable to detect these differences. What Type of error is Katie most concerned that she is committing?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
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Chapter 19: Qualitative Data Collection
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Q1) Myles is conducting a qualitative research study of middle management engineers enrolled in an executive MBA program. If Myles' study is consistent with practice, which of the following represents his primary data source?
A) Records from the school that show the program requirements
B) Observations of the students while engaged in coursework
C) Opinion surveys regarding participants purposes for enrollment
D) Students' academic transcripts
Q2) Which of the following is consistent with the strategies your text presents for ensuring the validity of qualitative research?
A) Keep your observations to yourself so participants do not influence your conclusions.
B) Record your experiences only after you have left the research site so you can attend to details while in the field.
C) Only begin writing once all of the data are collected to assure objective data collection.
D) Allow participants to read and respond to your overall report before finalizing it to ensure credibility.
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Chapter 20: Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation
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Q1) Regarding data analysis conducted via computer, your text suggests that
A) computer analysis is more valid than doing the analysis by hand.
B) computer software should be used only to code your data.
C) computer software can be used to assist with data analysis.
D) computer analysis is more reliable than doing the analysis by hand.
Q2) Your text indicates that the last step in the iterative process of qualitative data analysis is __________ the data.
A) interpreting.
B) coding.
C) managing.
D) classifying.
Q3) Henry has a large body of qualitative data and is unsure how to proceed. Of the following what is one suggestion supported by your text, that will assist Henry now?
A) Discard data that appears to be less related after a preliminary read.
B) Focus the study to facilitate analysis.
C) Employ the use of a computer software program to code.
D) Recode the data again to reduce the amount to memo.
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Chapter 21: Preparing a Research Report
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Q1) An abstract is usually limited to approximately A) less than 50 words.
B) less than 100 words.
C) between 100 and 500 words.
D) between 500 and 1000 words.
Q2) Overgeneralization in a research report refers to
A) using instruments in the study that lack reliability and validity.
B) stating conclusions that are not warranted by the data.
C) reporting a larger response rate than actually participated.
D) conducting inferential statistics on nominal level data.
Q3) George is writing up his qualitative research study. In which section of a research report will he indicate that he used a snowball sampling technique?
A) Introduction
B) Method
C) Design
D) Results
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Chapter 22: Evaluating a Research Report
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Q1) Tobin conducted a study in which he randomly assigned participants to two treatment conditions to test if there were differences by treatment on the number of classroom referrals. He then interviewed selected students regarding their experiences with the two treatments. In the results section of his study it is unclear at times from which data he has drawn his conclusions. This flaw is most directly related to reporting of ____________ research study.
A) experimental
B) mixed methods
C) narrative
D) correlational
Q2) Ntozake conducted a study in which she observed bullying in a middle school physical education environment. She conducted the study over a three-week time period. This may not have been long enough to combat observer effects. This illustrates which of the following concerns with conclusions from Ntozake's study?
A) An instrumentation threat
B) An internal validity threat
C) A history threat
D) An external validity threat
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