Graduate Seminar in Educational Research Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Graduate Seminar in Educational Research provides an in-depth exploration of advanced methodologies, contemporary issues, and key debates in educational research. Through critical engagement with primary texts, students will examine qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods approaches, develop research questions, and evaluate the ethical and practical considerations involved in the design and implementation of educational studies. The seminar emphasizes scholarly discussion, peer feedback, and the development of proposals or literature reviews, preparing students to contribute meaningfully to ongoing conversations in the field of education.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Educational Research Second Edition by Craig A. Mertler
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Educational Research
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Q1) Qualitative and quantitative research methods produce different views of reality because of the differing approaches they take to examining it.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Describe one of Tom Kida's (2006) common mistakes we tend to make in our thinking.
Answer: Answer will include one of the following: We tend to prefer stories to statistics (and research). We seek to confirm our ideas, not to question them. We sometimes misperceive the world. We tend to oversimplify our thinking. Our memories are often inaccurate or distorted.
Q3) To say that educational research is scientific is to say that ______.
A) it is characterized by principles and methods of science
B) it is systematic but not methodical
C) it is methodical but not systematic
D) It involves the physical sciences
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Overview of the Educational Research Process
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Q1) How is qualitative analysis a subjective process?
Answer: Answers would ideally include: Qualitative analyses are conducted exclusively by the human mind. The researcher must read, reread, organize, condense, and synthesize all the qualitative data in an attempt to identify themes, categories, or patterns that emerge from those data. It is not uncommon--in fact, it is quite typical--for multiple researchers to arrive at very different results and conclusions after analyzing even a small set of qualitative data.
Q2) Analysis of data in ______ studies involves both kinds of data analysis and essentially merges the results.
A) immersion
B) mixed-methods
C) dual
D) engagement
Answer: B
Q3) Interview data must be collected orally and in-person.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Identifying a Research Problem
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Q1) Research topics must be "refined" before they can be effectively and efficiently researched.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Identify two reasons why all educational researchers should be familiar with research-related terminology.
Answer: Answer would ideally include: The better we understand this terminology, the better we will be able to maneuver through the early--as well as latter--stages of research study development.
Q3) ______ research has the potential to shed new light on a research topic.
A) Subjective
B) Influential
C) Original
D) Objective
Answer: C
Q4) Dichotomous variables are measured on a scale, such as from 0 to 5.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Ethics in Educational Research
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Q1) ______ is a federal law that protects the privacy of student education records.
A) Title IX
B) IRB
C) HIPAA
D) FERPA
Q2) Analyze the components of an informed consent form.
Q3) An IRB is a committee made up of ______.
A) faculty members
B) faculty members and students
C) a constantly changing group of individuals
D) students only
Q4) What is considered to be one of the most important aspects of designing and implementing research studies in the field of education?
A) ensuring the ethical behavior of the researcher
B) ensuring the ethical behavior of the participants
C) educating participants on the design details
D) educating the researcher on the treatment or intervention
Q5) Describe FERPA and it's role in educational research.
Q6) What does IRB stand for and what is an IRB?
Q7) Define and describe accurate disclosure.
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Chapter 5: Reviewing Related Research Literature
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Q1) Because all research studies are important, the dates of the sources used are irrelevant.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is a literature review?
A) a non-comprehension examination of related writings on the topic of study
B) a review of popular culture writings on a given topic before academic study begins C) a comprehensive examination of information and knowledge base related to a given topic
D) a review of the research the researcher himself or herself has already written on the topic
Q3) ______ is affiliated with the U.S. Department of Education.
A) ERIC
B) Google Scholar
C) ProQuest
D) Lexus Nexus
Q4) List at least three distinct features of Google Scholar that are helpful to researchers.
Q5) Explain the differences between primary and secondary sources.
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Chapter 6: Qualitative Research Methods
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Q1) Qualitative approaches to research are often adapted in numerous ways.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The duration of ethnographic research must be at least one full month.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How is qualitative research descriptive?
Q4) A typical sample size for a ______ study is about ______ individuals.
A) ethnographic; 100-200
B) grounded theory; 100-200
C) case; 5-25
D) phenomenological; 5-25
Q5) A ______ is defined as providing thick, rich details to describe a phenomenon or topic of interest.
A) summary
B) synopsis
C) proliferation
D) holistic description
Q6) Discuss why ethnography, essentially a descriptive approach, is placed in a category of its own.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Quantitative Research Methods
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Q1) Mail surveys are, typically, cost-effective for acquiring a large sampling of individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ______ designs involve two or more ______ variables, at least one of which is manipulated.
A) Single-variable; independent
B) Single-variable; dependent
C) Factorial; independent
D) Factorial; dependent
Q3) Explain how data collection and analysis in quantitative research are appropriate for its purpose.
Q4) Which of the following is a quantitative, nonexperimental, descriptive research design?
A) single-subject research
B) survey research
C) causal-comparative
D) correlational research
Q5) Describe random selection and random assignment.
Q6) Describe the basic design of a correlational study.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Mixed-Methods Research
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Q1) A(n) ______ level of interaction occurs when the researcher mixes the two methods, which can occur at different points in the process but must occur prior to the final interpretation of results.
A) interactive
B) independent
C) interdependent
D) interaction
Q2) A(n) ______ is a component of a study that encompasses the basic process of conducting quantitative or qualitative research, such as collecting and analyzing data.
A) facet
B) strand
C) feature
D) element
Q3) There may be a particular research situation where a theoretical perspective dictates the need to collect both quantitative and qualitative data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the importance of identifying the appropriate mixed-methods design.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Action Research
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Q1) Since action plans require a great deal of time to plan and implement, they should only be developed for whole organizations where the most impact will be garnered.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Action research may be cyclical or linear.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following are techniques used to provide evidence of rigor in action research studies, except ______.
A) repetition of the cycle
B) triangulation of data
C) brief engagement and observation
D) member checking
Q4) A possible and common topic area for action research studies is ______.
A) identifying a problem
B) analyzing data independently
C) manipulating control conditions
D) replicating previous research
Q5) Describe how action research can improve educational practices.
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Chapter 10: Writing a Research Proposal
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Q1) In qualitative research, enhancing the trustworthiness of the data is, typically, accomplished by ______.
A) triangulating data collected from multiple sources
B) using only one technique
C) sending a professional letter to participants and site managers
D) convincing your participants of your credibility
Q2) Which of the following describes the writing in a research proposal?
A) accommodating for description or explanation
B) determined by whether the study is feasible
C) academic and scholarly
D) a rationale that is always evolving
Q3) A key aspect of writing the research proposal is the writing style.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What do research proposals include?
A) statistical data
B) information about specific participants
C) research questions
D) potential publication options.
Q5) Describe a qualitative research proposal.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis
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Q1) ______ sampling occurs when interview participants recommend other individuals who they think would be a benefit to the study.
A) Opportunistic
B) Theory
C) Snowball
D) Typical
Q2) ______ deals with the extent to which the data collected accurately measure what they purport to measure.
A) Reliability
B) Accuracy
C) Precision
D) Validity
Q3) Qualitative research often necessitates the gathering of data that already exist. Provide three types of existing individual student documentation or records a researcher may collect for qualitative research studies.
Q4) Before we can collect data in qualitative studies, we must identify and select the participants.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Quantitative Data Collection
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Q1) Authors of educational research textbooks always disagree to some extent over ______.
A) whether systematic sampling should be classified as a random procedure or a nonrandom procedure
B) whether systematic sampling should be classified as a simple random procedure or a simple nonrandom procedure
C) whether systematic sampling should be classified as a random cluster procedure or a simple nonrandom procedure
D) whether or not systemic sampling is a valid form of sampling in educational research
Q2) When every kth individual is chosen, this sampling is called ______. A) stylistic B) variable
C) systematic D) focused
Q3) Explain why experts disagree about the appropriateness of including a neutral point on a rating scale.
Q4) Give an example of variables that are associated with each type of measurement scale.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Statistics refers to ______.
A) summary indices resulting from data analysis
B) selecting specific research site(s)
C) summarizing an appropriate sample
D) investigating many topics from different perspectives
Q2) Which of the following describes standard deviation?
A) It is the most frequently used measure of variability.
B) It is the most frequently used measure of reliability.
C) It is not used with interval and ratio data.
D) It is the average distance of scores from the median.
Q3) There are two procedures that can be used to facilitate the coding of responses in quantitative data analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A T-score ______ values.
A) does not contain any negative
B) always contains negative
C) decreases
D) increases
Q5) Discuss the concept of standard error and how it is useful to researchers.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Writing a Final Research Report
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Q1) Research reports are prepared according to conventions that promote ______.
A) populations
B) samples
C) parameters
D) credibility
Q2) Another suggestion from Johnson (2008) is to include ______ samples when they enhance your presentation.
A) percentage
B) conducted
C) several
D) representative
Q3) Discuss why some sections of the research report may be written in present tense.
Q4) Explain how research reports should utilize person and voice.
Q5) Introductory sections are typically written in ______ tense.
A) past
B) future
C) present
D) present or past
Q6) Describe conventions and their purpose in academic writing.
Page 16
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