Graduate Research Seminar in Nursing
Test Preparation
Course Introduction
The Graduate Research Seminar in Nursing is designed to engage graduate students in critical analysis, discussion, and synthesis of current research literature relevant to advanced nursing practice. Through a series of seminar sessions, students explore qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research methodologies, and discuss ethical considerations, data analysis, and evidence-based practice. The seminar focuses on developing students scholarly communication skills, fostering peer collaboration, and providing guidance on identifying research gaps, formulating research questions, and integrating research findings into clinical practice. This course serves as a foundational experience for students preparing to undertake thesis or capstone projects in nursing.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing Research 8th Edition by Geri LoBiondoWood
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Chapter 1: Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes
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Q1) The nurse is using the critical reading process to analyze a research article. The nurse is using a list of criteria to determine how well the researcher performed each step of the research process. The nurse is using a strategy to promote which type of understanding?
A) Preliminary
B) Comprehensive
C) Analysis
D) Synthesis
Answer: C
Q2) For the baccalaureate nursing student, education in nursing research has which outcomes? (Select all that apply.)
A) Mastering the development of research protocols
B) Gaining basic understanding of the research process
C) Learning how research is related to clinical nursing practice
D) Developing skill as a primary investigator in research
E) Becoming a knowledgeable consumer of nursing research
Answer: B, C, E
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Chapter 2: Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) The nurse has identified a clinical problem as a potential research question. Which of these steps should the nurse take \(\bold{next}\)?
A) Identify the variables
B) Formulate the research hypothesis
C) Perform a literature review
D) Determine financial resources for the research project
Answer: C
Q2) A nurse's research question is, "How does maternal employment among health care professionals affect infant health during the first 6 months of life?" In this question, what is the dependent variable?
A) Infant health
B) Maternal employment
C) First 6 months of life
D) Health care professionals
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) Which objective of a review of the literature is unique to a review for research purposes, rather than a review for evidence-based practice?
A) Discover conceptual frameworks used to examine problems
B) Generate useful research questions and hypotheses
C) Determine what is unknown about a subject, as well as what requires clarification
D) Uncover a new practice intervention or gain support for current interventions and policies
Answer: B
Q2) Literature reviews are usually organized according to what?
A) The order in which materials are retrieved
B) The conceptual or theoretical concepts
C) The importance or credibility of authors
D) The variables being studied
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Theoretical Frameworks for Research
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Q1) Which phrase correctly defines a theory?
A) The operational definition of the study's conceptual framework
B) The assumptions and beliefs of the worldview of the researcher
C) A set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon
D) A researcher's best guess of the direction of the relationship between variables
Q2) When critiquing a research study's theoretical framework, the nurse should keep in mind which information? (Select all that apply.)
A) Theoretical frameworks guide hypothesis formulation in qualitative and quantitative research studies.
B) Theoretical frameworks can be implicitly or explicitly stated in a research report.
C) A theoretical framework of a nursing research study must be based on nursing theories or models.
D) A theoretical framework may not be identified in all types of nursing research.
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Chapter 5: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) Computer management of qualitative data can assist a nurse researcher with which of these processes?
A) Organization of data
B) Interpretation of data
C) Credibility of data
D) Synthesis of data
Q2) The findings of a qualitative research study describe the main essence of an experience but also show how the experience varies, depending on the individual or context. These results fall into which of Kearney's categories of qualitative research findings?
A) Restricted by a priori frameworks
B) Descriptive categories
C) Shared pathway or meaning
D) Description of experiential variation
Q3) The determining factor for a researcher in selecting a qualitative research approach should be what?
A) The need to test a theory
B) The nature of the research question
C) The age and gender of the research participants
D) The availability of valid instruments to measure the phenomenon
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Chapter 6: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) Which feature is characteristic of the grounded theory method of qualitative research?
A) Data gathering and data analysis occur simultaneously.
B) The researcher has also experienced the phenomenon being studied.
C) A grounded theory study is based on only a single research question.
D) Participants in a grounded theory study must experience the phenomenon currently, during the study.
Q2) A nurse researcher has chosen to use the phenomenologic method. What feature distinguishes the intensive dialogue the researcher will use in this method from a simple interview?
A) Notes are made about the participant's responses during the interview.
B) The researcher is fully engaged, becoming a thoughtful presence during the interview.
C) The questions posed during the interview were developed before the actual interview occurred.
D) The researcher completes the questionnaire for the participant to avoid misunderstanding or confusion.
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Chapter 7: Appraising Qualitative Research
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Q1) The nurse is critiquing a qualitative research study. Which question would be appropriate for the nurse to ask when critiquing the study's methodology?
A) Are the informants who were chosen appropriate to inform the research?
B) If a particular approach is used to guide the inquiry, does the researcher complete the study according to the processes described?
C) Does the researcher address the credibility, auditability, and fittingness of the data?
D) Does the researcher place the report in the context of what is already known about the phenomenon (e.g., the existing literature)?
Q2) When critiquing a report of a qualitative research study, the nurse asks, "How has the researcher made explicit the significance of the study to nursing theory, research, or practice?" This question is critiquing what section of the report?
A) Data analysis
B) Data collection
C) Statement of the phenomenon of interest
D) Conclusions, implications, and recommendations
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Chapter 8: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) The nurse researcher designed a study examining anxiety among elementary school children. If a widely publicized murder of a child occurred in the city during the time frame of the study, what type of threat to internal validity would the murder represent?
A) Maturation
B) Instrumentation
C) Selection bias
D) Historical
Q2) Which factor is most likely to be a mediating variable in a study to determine if high doses of vitamin C help reduce the subjects' susceptibility to influenza?
A) The subjects' use of influenza vaccine
B) The subject' knowledge of vitamin C's functions
C) The gender of the potential subjects
D) The marital status of the potential subjects
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Chapter 9: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Q1) A research study is planned to determine the effect of nutritional supplementation and type of support surface on the rate of wound healing in sacral myocutaneous flap failures. Which is an independent variable in this study? (Select all that apply.)
A) Rate of wound healing
B) Sacral myocutaneous flap
C) Retailer source of protein supplement
D) Type of support surface
E) Nutritional supplementation
Q2) Which of these research designs could be classified as quasi-experimental? (Select all that apply.)
A) Solomon four-group design
B) After-only design
C) Nonequivalent control group design
D) After-only nonequivalent control-group design
E) One-group pretest-posttest design
F) True experimental pretest-posttest group design
G) Time series design
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Chapter 10: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) Which method of data collection is most appropriate for a nurse researcher to use in a survey study?
A) Videorecording of people-to-people interactions
B) Direct participant observation
C) Unstructured interview
D) Questionnaires
Q2) The longitudinal study and the prospective study are similar for which reason?
A) Each moves forward in time.
B) Each has an experimental focus.
C) Each is able to establish causal relationships.
D) Each selects different samples from the same population at various periods of time.
Q3) Which types of research designs are considered to be survey studies? (Select all that apply.)
A) Descriptive
B) Exploratory
C) Correlational
D) Developmental
E) Comparative
F) Cross-sectional
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Chapter 11: Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Q1) ___ results
Q2) What source contains information on studies published in conference proceedings and other sources not available in other databases?
A) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
B) Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects
C) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
D) Cochrane Methodology Register
Q3) ___ objectives of the search
Q4) ___ search methods for finding studies
Q5) ___ type of studies reviewed
Q6) ___ authors and contact person
Q7) ___ methods for selecting studies for review
Q8) What terms means a summation and assessment of research studies found in the literature based on a clearly focused question?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic review
C) Cochrane collaboration
D) Integrative review
Q9) ___ background of the question Page 13
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) The nurse researcher can most accurately determine sample size by considering what?
A) The stamina of the researcher in data collection
B) The importance of the independent variable
C) The age of the potential subjects
D) The design of the study
Q2) How should a nurse researcher expect a sample to differ from a population?
A) A sample can mean objects or events, whereas population refers to individuals or groups of people.
B) A population has a broad set of defining characteristics, and a sample has a narrow set of defining characteristics.
C) A population is a representative segment of a defined sample.
D) A sample is a representative segment of a defined population.
Q3) A research consumer should evaluate sample size in a research report by doing what?
A) By asking how many assistants were involved in data collection
B) By asking how representative the sample is relative to the target population
C) By asking how great the outcome difference is between or among study groups
D) By asking how many previous studies the researcher has conducted on similar topics
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Chapter 13: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) Which statements are accurate regarding the assent process for pediatric research? (Select all that apply.)
A) A parental signature is required for a child to participate in a study.
B) The study protocol is reviewed with the parent and not the child.
C) The child should be able to express a preference for participation.
D) A child older than age 16 does not require a parent's signature for consent.
E) The child should understand the purpose of the study.
Q2) Which statement regarding informed consent is most accurate?
A) Informed consent needs to be sought only if the risks outweigh the benefits.
B) Informed consent is required if there are physical risks but not if there are psychological risks.
C) Researchers must obtain voluntary participation of subjects after informing them of possible risks and benefits.
D) A researcher is not obligated to seek informed consent if the details of the study could upset the subject and potentially affect the study outcome.
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Chapter 14: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) What are some advantages of using physiologic data collection methods? (Select all that apply.)
A) Objectivity
B) Precision
C) Flexibility
D) Inexpensive
E) Sensitivity
Q2) The nurse researcher's use of a focus group interview with audio recording of group interactions would be considered to be an observational role of what?
A) Concealment with intervention
B) Concealment without intervention
C) No concealment with intervention
D) No concealment without intervention
Q3) Which data collection method would be most appropriate in studying bullying behavior in elementary school-aged girls?
A) An unstructured interview
B) Asking parents about their children's experience with bullying
C) Responses of the children on a paper-and-pencil bullying scale
D) Concealment of the researcher without intervention in children's behavior
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Chapter 15: Reliability and Validity
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Q1) A newly developed instrument is found to have a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. The nurse researcher interprets this to mean what?
A) The instrument has no internal consistency.
B) The instrument has a low degree of internal consistency.
C) The instrument has a moderate degree of internal consistency.
D) The instrument has a relatively high degree of internal consistency.
Q2) A group of researchers developing an instrument performed a test-retest on the instrument with an interval of 5 days. This testing resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.38. The nurse researcher interprets this as being indicative of what?
A) Instrument is stable; high reliability
B) Instrument is stable; low reliability
C) Instrument is unstable; high reliability
D) Instrument is unstable; low reliability
Q3) A nurse researcher determines an instrument's homogeneity using which type of reliability?
A) Split-half reliability
B) Test-retest reliability
C) Interrater reliability
D) Alternate form reliability
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Chapter 16: Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential
Statistics
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Q1) The nurse researcher opts to use ratio-level data. The researcher's primary concern will be what?
A) Categories must be mutually exclusive.
B) Intervals between data categories must be equal.
C) The rank of zero (0) represents the absence of the measured variable.
D) Variance between assigned categories is qualitative rather than quantitative.
Q2) The nurse researcher is using respiratory rate as a variable in a research study. The level of measurement most appropriate in this case is what?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
Q3) The nurse researcher's data contain extremes of high and low scores. The measure of central tendency that should be used in order to be least affected by extremes of high and low scores is what?
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Median
D) Percentile
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Chapter 17: Understanding Research Findings
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Q1) The section of the report in which the nurse researcher determines if the theoretical thinking used was correct is called what?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q2) In which section of the report will the nurse researcher address applicability to practice and future research?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q3) In which section of the report does the nurse researcher address supported and unsupported data?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
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Chapter 18: Appraising Quantitative Research
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Q1) This statement was included in a research report: "A positive correlation was found between the variables of self-reported sleep adequacy and performance on the driving simulator (r = 0.21), although the correlation did not reach statistical significance." A research consumer should evaluate this to mean what?
A) No relationship exists between the two variables.
B) The hypothesis was supported by the data presented.
C) The hypothesis was not supported by the data presented.
D) The relationship between the variables is too weak to have practical application.
Q2) Evaluating a research report for issues of scientific merit includes which factors? (Select all that apply.)
A) Quality of data collection
B) Appropriateness of statistical analysis
C) Comprehensiveness of literature review
D) Design match to research question
E) Presentation of typeface in article
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Chapter 19: Strategies and Tools for Developing an
Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) Which database is most likely to yield the highest-level evidence for a nurse researcher?
A) Psychological abstracts
B) Google.com
C) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
D) Cochrane Review
Q2) The statistic a nurse researcher should choose to use in a meta-analysis is what?
A) Survival curve
B) Odds ratio
C) Measure of central tendency
D) Measure of dispersion
Q3) In an experiment, when a value is obtained that shows no difference between the treatment and control group, the value is considered to be what?
A) Causal
B) Sensitivity
C) Null
D) Positively predictive
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) The characteristics of an opinion leader from the local peer group include what? (Select all that apply.)
A) Considered by associates as technically competent
B) Viewed as a respected source of influence
C) Narrow but clearly defined sphere of influence
D) Trusted to evaluate new information in the context of group norms
E) Full and dedicated member of the local group
Q2) For an EBP project to succeed in improving practice, what type of team is warranted? (Select all that apply.)
A) Physician
B) Stakeholder
C) Interdisciplinary team
D) Psychologist
Q3) ___ assess interrater reliability of data collectors
Q4) The nurse researcher who is involved in conduct of research should plan to accomplish what?
A) Active interchange with active care practitioners
B) Dissemination of findings via research reports
C) Determining applicability of findings for practice
D) Use of randomized controlled trials
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Chapter 21: Quality Improvement
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Q1) Flexibility to react quickly to opportunities
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Q2) Increased ability to demonstrate past decisions' effectiveness through reference to factual records
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
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