Government and Public Policy Final
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the structures, functions, and processes of government and public policy at local, national, and global levels. Students will examine how governmental institutions and political actors influence the creation, implementation, and evaluation of public policies. Through the analysis of case studies and theoretical frameworks, the course addresses policy formulation, decision-making, resource allocation, and the impact of public policy on society. Emphasis is placed on contemporary policy issues, policy analysis tools, and the challenges of governance in a rapidly changing world.
Recommended Textbook
American Government and Politics Today The Essentials 17th Edition by Barbara A. Bardes
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Chapter 1: The Democratic Republic
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Q1) Politics
A) is the process of resolving conflicts.
B) is the struggle for power in organizations.
C) is the process of deciding who gets what, when, and how.
D) is involved in all levels of government.
E) All the above are true.
Answer: E
Q2) The type of government the United States has is
A) a direct democracy.
B) a representative democracy.
C) a confederation.
D) a constitutional monarchy.
E) an anarchy.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Constitution
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Q1) The Bill of Rights provided for
A) the protection of individual liberties from state governments.
B) the protection of individual liberties from the national government.
C) equal protection under the law.
D) protection against state infringements on the freedoms of conscience, the press, and jury trial.
E) Options B and D are true.
Answer: B
Q2) As suggested by the text, one method of establishing a popularly elected president is
A) through an interstate compact in which states agree to award electoral votes to the winner of the national popular vote.
B) by abolishing the electoral college via a vote in Congress.
C) by challenging the constitutionality of the electoral college in the Supreme Court.
D) by giving each state an equal vote.
E) Options A and B are true.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Federalism
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT true about the European Union (EU)?
A) The EU is a confederation of twenty-seven countries.
B) The EU is a federation of twenty-seven countries.
C) Seventeen of the EU countries have adopted a common currency-the euro.
D) EU countries like Greece, Portugal, and Ireland have had financial difficulties of late.
E) The European Central Bank is prohibited from bailing out member countries in difficulty.
Answer: B
Q2) States may enter into agreements called interstate compacts
A) with congressional approval on major matters.
B) without congressional approval on minor matters.
C) to settle matters in chronic dispute between two or more states.
D) to manage water resources that cross state lines.
E) All of the above are true.
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Civil Liberties
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Q1) In Osborne v. Ohio, the Supreme Court ruled that states can outlaw the possession of child pornography in the home
A) because owning the material perpetuates commercial demand for it and for the exploitation of the children involved.
B) to protect children who may be living in the home.
C) because it universally violates community standards.
D) because it encourages deviant behavior.
E) when it employs graphics, as opposed to mere text.
Q2) If the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade,
A) abortions would be illegal in the U.S.
B) health insurance companies would determine eligibility for abortions.
C) the authority to regulate abortion would fall to the states.
D) abortions would only be legal in the first trimester of the pregnancy.
E) abortions would be deemed "an invasion of privacy."
Q3) Right-to-life advocates
A) continue to push for laws restricting abortion.
B) endorse candidates who support their views.
C) organize protests.
D) argue that bans on specific procedures are not effective.
E) Options A, B, and C are true.
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Chapter 5: Civil Rights
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the consequences of a policy that required the deportation of all unauthorized immigrants.
Q2) The Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), held that
A) school integration was to take place immediately.
B) school integration was to occur with all deliberate speed.
C) school integration was to take place using the school transportation system.
D) school integration was to take place within two years.
E) Options A and B are true.
Q3) Which of the following is true about women's rights?
A) The struggle for women's rights first began in earnest at a convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848.
B) Women's voting rights are found in the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
C) Women's suffrage is the right to equal pay for equal work.
D) Options A and B are true.
E) All of the above are true.
Q4) How have courts and legislative bodies at both the federal and state level attempted to address issues concerning the rights and status of homosexuals?
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Chapter 6: Public Opinion and Political Socialization
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Q1) Public opinion affects the political process
A) because it is a source of power for elected officials who take positions supported by the people.
B) despite the fact that most candidates dismiss public opinion as an effective means of identifying issues of concern.
C) because it allows the media to control the government.
D) because it is more important than elections in bringing about change in the government.
E) despite the fact that public opinion polls hardly ever reflect public opinion accurately.
Q2) One of the problems with polls is
A) they may fail to measure the impact of undecided voters.
B) because they are a snapshot in time, polls may fail to detect last minute shifts in the electorate.
C) they are based on a random sample.
D) the results are affected by the news media.
E) Options A and B are true.
Q3) Discuss four things that influence one's public opinion.
Q4) Explain how demographic influences shape voting behavior.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Interest Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number of lobbyists in Washington has _________ since 2000.
A) decreased slightly B) decreased extensively C) stayed the same
D) increased slightly E) more than doubled
Q2) People who become members of interest groups for material incentives are joining A) for a sense of belonging to the group. B) to improve their economic opportunities or gain economic benefits. C) for ethical beliefs or ideological reasons.
D) to institute change for political, economic, or social impact on the whole society. E) because they have been pressured to do so.
Q3) Explain how economic interest groups, public-interest groups, and single-issue interest groups differ from each other.
Q4) Describe the three different techniques used by interest groups that you think are the most important. Then explain why the techniques you have chosen are important.
Q5) Explain the direct techniques used by interest groups.
Q6) Explain the indirect techniques used by interest groups.
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Chapter 8: Political Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) The elements of the reverse-income effect include a tendency for A) wealthier states and regions to support the Democratic Party.
B) less wealthy states or regions to support the Republican Party.
C) less wealthy states and regions to support the Democratic Party.
D) wealthy states or regions to support the Republican Party.
E) Options A and B are true.
Q2) One example of realignment was when
A) antislavery Republicans left to join the Democratic Party before the Civil War.
B) working-class voters abandoned the Republican Party in 1896 due to the Republicans' populist politics.
C) the New Deal Democratic Coalition brought African Americans and ardent segregationists into the same party in 1932.
D) cultural conservatives abandoned the Republicans in 1968, especially in the South.
E) evangelical Christians abandoned the Republican Party and voted for Jimmy Carter in 1976.
Q3) Contrast the two major parties in the United States today.
Q4) Explore the role played by third parties in the United States.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Campaigns, Elections, and the Media
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Q1) When voters can vote in either party primary without disclosing their party affiliation, it is called
A) a closed primary.
B) an open primary.
C) a run-off primary.
D) a blanket primary.
E) a caucus.
Q2) Some observers believe the following about low voter turnout:
A) Too few individuals are wielding too much political power.
B) Low turnout is a sign of satisfaction with the status quo.
C) Low turnout is a sign of political apathy in the voting public.
D) Potential voters do not want to take the time to learn about the issues.
E) All of the above are true.
Q3) Political Action Committees
A) are not covered by federal election laws.
B) are committees created under federal or state law for the purpose of collecting political donations.
C) coordinate all expenditures directly with the candidate.
D) collect funds from the candidate and transfer them to the political party.
E) are limited in how much they spend.
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Chapter 10: The Congress
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Q1) A representative who is performing the role of an instructed delegate is
A) primarily representing the wishes of his or her constituents.
B) supporting the president on all of his legislative programs.
C) representing the broad interests of the entire society.
D) supporting his or her political party.
E) representing other members of Congress.
Q2) Which of the following is not a function of Congress?
A) Spending time serving constituents
B) Educating the public through hearings and debates
C) Carrying out and executing the laws it has passed
D) Representing constituents
E) Resolving conflicts between different groups
Q3) All of the following statements are true about gerrymandering \(\bold{except}\)
A) the issue of gerrymandering has been resolved.
B) the term originates with tactics used by a governor of Massachusetts named Gerry.
C) the tactic of gerrymandering is used to create districts to the advantage of one political party or another.
D) the tactic of gerrymandering has been used for racial discrimination.
E) the practice can cause excessive manipulation of the shape of a district.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The President
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Q1) A signing statement
A) is a written declaration that a president may make when signing a bill into law.
B) usually points to sections of a law that the president thinks may be unconstitutional.
C) must accompany treaties submitted to the Senate by the president when seeking advice and consent.
D) Options A and B are true.
E) All of the above are true.
Q2) The members of the cabinet
A) are friends of the president that he invites to conferences on specific issues.
B) are expressly identified in the Constitution.
C) are all department secretaries who oversee administrative functions for the president.
D) may include the vice president and other advisors if the president chooses to include them.
E) are limited to one presidential term and then leave government service.
Q3) Explain the concept of executive privilege and how it has been used by the presidents.
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13
Chapter 12: The Bureaucracy
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Q1) The concept of privatization refers to
A) the replacement of government services with services provided by private firms.
B) federal loan guarantees for small businesses.
C) the hiring practices of the civil service.
D) the replacement of federal government services with state or local government services.
E) reducing the number of levels in the federal hierarchy.
Q2) The Government in the Sunshine Act required that
A) all federal agencies run by committees conduct their business regularly in public session.
B) all federal agencies terminate after five years unless Congress grants the agency an extension.
C) all federal agencies hold at least half of their public meeting outside of Washington, D.C.
D) at least forty percent of upper-level positions within an agency be filled by females or ethnic minorities.
E) all federal agency meetings on personnel problems or court proceedings be held in public session.
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Chapter 13: The Courts
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Q1) All of the following are true of the Supreme Court \(\bold{except}\)
A) the Supreme Court's term begins on the first Monday in October.
B) less than one in four thousand of all cases are decided by the Supreme Court.
C) decisions of the Supreme Court profoundly affect our lives.
D) over half of all cases in the federal court system make it to the Supreme Court.
E) the Supreme Court has decided cases involving freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, campaign finance, and abortion.
Q2) The FISA court can
A) issue warrants without revealing the information used to justify the warrant.
B) deprive American citizens of their citizenship.
C) rule laws enacted by Congress to be unconstitutional.
D) strike certain provisions from the Constitution.
E) direct the president to take certain actions in order to protect national security.
Q3) Describe some of the judicial traditions and doctrines that act as a restraint of the courts.
Q4) Explain how the United States Supreme Court decides cases and explains its decisions.
Q5) Describe the changes to the federal court system in an effort to fight terrorism
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Chapter 14: Domestic and Economic Policy
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Q1) With a progressive tax,
A) all taxpayers pay taxes at the same percentage rate.
B) people with higher incomes pay taxes at a higher percentage rate.
C) people with higher incomes pay taxes at a lower percentage rate.
D) the tax burden consists mostly of property and sales taxes.
E) tax rates increase by a set percentage every year.
Q2) Explain the difference between "loose" and "tight" monetary policy and when they would be appropriate policy options.
Q3) Ways in which issues come to be identified as problems include A) a crisis occurring.
B) letters from the constituents to members of Congress.
C) information provided by interest groups.
D) reading the local newspaper.
E) All the above are true.
Q4) Explain the difference between progressive and regressive taxes. Would we be better served by simply employing a flat tax across the board?
Q5) Examine the federal budget deficit, why it occurred and what measures should be taken to bring it down.
Q6) Explain the impact of Keynesian economics on fiscal policy in the United States.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Foreign Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the Cold War, there was (were)
A) continuous conversation between United States and Soviet military advisors.
B) no direct military conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.
C) an occasional exchange of artillery fire across the East German/West German border.
D) direct fighting between United States and Soviet ground troops during the Korean War.
E) occasional dogfights between United States and Soviet fighter planes over Europe.
Q2) Intelligence activities
A) consist mostly of overt information gathering.
B) are administered by the Department of Education since the main focus is intelligence gathering.
C) play a rather small role in foreign policy formation.
D) include covert actions carried out in secret that most Americans rarely find out about.
E) Both options A and D are true.
Q3) Describe U.S. efforts to handle international issues with diplomacy rather than armed force. In your examples, were these efforts largely successful or failures?
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