Government and Politics of the World Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive examination of the key concepts, structures, and processes that define government and politics across the globe. Students will explore different political systems, ideologies, and institutions in comparative perspective, analyzing how governments function and interact within diverse cultural, economic, and historical contexts. The course covers the roles of political parties, elections, policy-making, state-society relations, and sources of authority and power. Special attention is given to current global issues such as democratization, globalization, and challenges to governance in the 21st century, fostering a nuanced understanding of the complex dynamics shaping contemporary world politics.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Comparative Politics 6th Edition by Mark Kesselman\
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Chapter 1: Introducing Comparative Politics
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Q1) The difference between comparative politics and international relations can best be described as
A) the study of comparative politics involves comparing political parties between countries, whereas the study of international relations involves the examination of why wars occur.
B) the study of comparative politics refers only to domestic politics, whereas the study of international relations refers to globalization.
C) the study of comparative politics involves comparing domestic political institutions, processes, and politics in different countries; whereas the study of international relations involves examining the foreign policy of and interactions among different countries.
D) the study of comparative politics involves comparing nations, whereas the study of international relations involves examining international organizations, such as the United Nations or International Monetary Fund.
E) There is no difference between the two.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Britain
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Historically, no powers were reserved for subnational units of government in the United Kingdom.
B) The Labour Government of Tony Blair introduced reforms that devolved specified powers to legislative bodies in Scotland and Wales.
C) The Labour Government of Tony Blair introduced reforms that granted some specific powers to all major metropolitan areas.
D) The United Kingdom has historically been a unitary rather than a federal state.
E) The term Great Britain includes England, Wales, and Scotland, but not Northern Ireland.
Answer: C
Q2) Gordon Brown signaled a departure from the foreign policy of Tony Blair by
A) immediately withdrawing all British troops from Iraq.
B) appointing ministers who had been publicly critical of the invasion of Iraq.
C) withdrawing from NATO.
D) opening a dialogue with al-Qaeda.
E) joining the euro zone.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: France
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Q1) Executive dominance in policy-making means that
A) legislative and popular participation have little input.
B) bureaucratic and legislative influence is very limited.
C) European Union commitments rarely constrict France's policy actions.
D) subnational governments have limited input.
E) All of the statements are true.
Answer: A
Q2) France experienced a slow decline following Napoleon's defeat until World War II because of all of the following EXCEPT
A) political instability.
B) protectionist trade policies.
C) an underdeveloped entrepreneurial spirit.
D) rapid population growth.
E) a powerful parliament and a weak executive.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Germany
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Q1) The Left Party
A) has achieved considerable success in Bundestag elections although never enough to capture the office of the chancellor.
B) plays an important role in forming coalitions.
C) achieves significant success in federal elections but has yet to have much success in regional elections.
D) gains most of its support from former East German Lander.
E) is a party that merged members of the old East German communist party with left wing fundis from the Green Party.
Q2) An underlying frustration that Europeans have with Germany is its
A) refusal to abide by European Union environmental standards.
B) recent rejection of the Lisbon Treaty.
C) refusal to participate in an all-European military force.
D) tendency to export to its neighbors more than it imports from them.
E) refusal to participate in the Euro zone.
Q3) Describe the constructive vote of no confidence and assess its impact within the German political system.
Q4) Describe Germany's federal system. How does it differ from other federal systems?
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Chapter 5: Japan
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of Japan's political parties?
A) Most are host to entrenched factions.
B) They receive state subsidies.
C) They are mass parties with substantial grassroots memberships.
D) They generally play no substantial role in subnational politics.
E) There are now five major political parties in Japan.
Q2) Zoku, or tribes, refer to
A) a group of politicians who come from the same region of the country.
B) a coalition of politicians, bureaucrats, and interest group leaders who share and pursue common policy goals.
C) a group of veteran politicians with extensive knowledge, expertise, and influence in a particular policy area and close connections to special interests in that area.
D) A coalition of civil servants and academics who develop policy options.
E) A group of novice politicians who work closely with special interests to advance a particular policy agenda.
Q3) Japan is a resource-poor country. How has this affected its economic and foreign policies over the years? Does it continue to influence these policies today, and if so how?
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Chapter 6: India
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT true?
A) According to the government's definition of poverty, about 25 percent of Indians live in poverty but according to World Bank measures, about 76 percent live below the poverty line.
B) Although the proportion of Indians living in poverty has decreased since independence, the absolute number of poor has increased due to the country's rapid population growth.
C) Although India has the largest number of poor people in the world, the country also has a sizeable middle class.
D) The majority of the country's poor live in urban slums.
E) Over the past two decades, income inequality has become more skewed regionally.
Q2) How often has the military taken control of Indian politics?
A) For one extended period of time
B) For two extended periods of time
C) Never
D) Very frequently, but only for brief periods of time
E) Very frequently, for extended periods of time
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Chapter 7: The United States
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Q1) Class-based political movements and tensions have not arisen in the United States. This may be explained by all of the following EXCEPT
A) unions are weak in part because of state and national laws that limit their ability to organize.
B) the gap between the rich and poor has been reduced substantially through progressive taxation.
C) immigration policy has focused attention on cultural differences thus reducing the salience of class divisions.
D) a tradition of equitable land distribution.
E) All of the above are factors that help to explain why class-based movements and tensions have not arisen in the United States.
Q2) Progressive income taxation
A) means that those with higher income pay a higher percentage of tax.
B) is the norm among states.
C) means that taxes on investments that generate additional revenue is higher than those on income.
D) means that those with higher income pay a lower percentage of tax.
E) means that taxes increase as governmental spending increases.
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Chapter 8: Russia
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Q1) Most Russians attribute terrorist attacks in Russia to A) Al Qaeda.
B) Chechen separatist forces.
C) Right-wing Russian nationalists.
D) Western-sponsored groups.
E) Afghan rebel groups.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Despite privatization, public or semipublic ownership of firms continues in some economic sectors including television, energy, and telecommunications.
B) While private clinics and hospitals have emerged, a state-run system of medical care is still in place.
C) A large portion of the country's housing is municipally owned.
D) Russia's universities remain largely public institutions funded chiefly through the state.
E) The executives of most public and semipublic institutions, especially those in the economic sector, are appointed through politically independent boards.
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Chapter 9: Brazil
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Q1) All of the following are reasons that Brazilians tend to be politically disengaged EXCEPT
A) problems like a weak party system and pervasive clientelism has limited their avenues for becoming more politically active.
B) an underfunded educational system and a largely uncritical media leave them without the resources they need to be more active.
C) optimistic myths about the country's future persist even in the face of socioeconomic realities that contradict them leading to a sense of powerlessness.
D) there is a consensus that the state should organize society rather than society influencing the state.
E) All of the above are reasons that Brazilians tend to be politically disengaged.
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE of Brazil?
A) It is larger than the continental United States.
B) Its population is concentrated in the southern and southeastern regions.
C) It is rich in natural resources, including oil, and arable land.
D) It occupies about two-thirds of South America.
E) All of the above statements are true.
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Chapter 10: Mexico
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Q1) How did Presidents de la Madrid and Salinas confront the economic crisis of the 1980s?
A) By borrowing against expected future income from oil exports
B) By recommitting the country to the previously successful import-substitution industrialization model of economic development
C) By opening Mexican markets to foreign trade and by limiting the role of government in the economy
D) By opening Mexican markets to foreign trade and nationalizing key industries
E) By imposing new taxes to boost government revenue
Q2) Assembly factories located in the northern states of Mexico are called
A) Ejidatorios.
B) Maquiladores.
C) Barrios
D) Mestizos.
E) Missions.
Q3) Since the 1980s, how has the balance of power between the executive and legislature shifted? What accounts for these shifts? What impact has these shifts have upon the policy making process in the country?
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Chapter 11: South Africa
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Q1) During the apartheid era, South Africa's protectionist policies, including trade tariffs and government subsidies
A) favored the manufacture of capital goods.
B) helped to create economic inefficiencies that constrained economic growth.
C) were undertaken as a means to reinforce minority rule.
D) eased the country's dependence on imported technology.
E) All of the above are true of such policies.
Q2) The Democratic Party/Democratic Alliance (DA)
A) was formed in 1990 when the Progressives absorbed a group of breakaway Inkatha parliamentarians.
B) has positioned itself as the party of business and free enterprise.
C) made its electoral gains at the expense of smaller parties , like the ANC.
D) supports Afrikaner irredentism.
E) is the governing party of East Cape Town.
Q3) Discuss some ways in which racial segregation persists in South Africa? What impact does this have on the democratization process?
Q4) In comparison to other transitional democracies, democratization in South Africa has been much easier. What factors help to account for this? Cite specific examples from your text.
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Chapter 12: Nigeria
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Q1) The military first intervened in Nigerian politics in A) 1961.
B) 1962. C) 1964.
D) 1966.
E) 1972.
Q2) The modern state of Nigeria is about _____________ years old. A) 50
B) 100
C) 200
D) 75
E) 60
Q3) Nigeria has spent most of its independent existence under military rule. What have been some of the most important legacies of military rule with which the Fourth Republic has had to contend? How have these been addressed? Which remain the most destabilizing?
Q4) The multi-ethnic character of Nigeria has had profound impacts on the country's political development. Which would you say have been the most important of these? Justify your argument.
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Chapter 13: Iran
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Q1) The Islamic Republic is most aptly called a regime of the A) Ayatollahs.
B) Hojjat al-Islams.
C) Ulama.
D) Hezbollahis.
E) Iman Jum'ehs.
Q2) Iran helped the international coalition overthrow the Taliban in Afghanistan because it
A) was Sunni.
B) was created by Pakistan.
C) had massacred Shi'a Afghans.
D) was associated with Saudi Arabia.
E) All of the above are true statements.
Q3) Which of the following was responsible for the dominance of Shi'ism in the region of Iran?
A) Ottomans
B) Zoroastrians
C) Pahlavi
D) Safavids
E) Qajar
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Chapter 14: China
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Q1) China is one of the few remaining communist party-states in the world. First, describe what this means in terms of the distinctive features of China's system, its most important political institutions, the distribution of power and the policy-making process. Next, explore how these features have changed over the years, paying particular attention to the models of consultative authoritarianism and fragmented authoritarianism.
Q2) How did Hu and Jiang differ from earlier communist leaders of China?
A) They favored economic reforms to a more free-market economy.
B) They wanted to allow more political freedoms.
C) They were more open to the possibility of independence for Taiwan.
D) They were technocrats.
E) They favored closer ties to the United States and the West.
Q3) Which of the following have been means used to enforce China's one-child policy?
A) Intensive media campaigns lauding the virtues of small families
B) Fines
C) Positive economic incentives
D) Forced sterilization and abortions
E) All of the above have been used to enforce China's one-child policy.
Q4) What factors help to explain the durability of the Chinese communist party-state?
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