Government and Politics of Developing Nations
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive exploration of the political systems, institutions, and processes in developing nations across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Emphasizing both historical context and contemporary dynamics, the curriculum examines the impact of colonialism, state formation, economic development, and social movements on governance and public policy. Students analyze the challenges of democratization, the role of international actors, and issues such as corruption, conflict, and state capacity. By comparing diverse political experiences, the course provides a nuanced understanding of how governance and political life in the developing world shape, and are shaped by, global forces and local realities.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Comparative Politics 6th Edition by Patrick H. ONeil
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) A greater focus on individual freedom is most likely to require
A) a smaller role for the state.
B) a larger role for the state.
C) greater civic responsibility.
D) more political parties.
Answer: A
Q2) In which of the following ways can multicausality affect comparative politics research?
A) It reduces limits to information and information-gathering procedures.
B) It allows comparative politics researchers to make more accurate predictions about real-world phenomena.
C) It complicates the comparative method and makes it more difficult to develop concrete explanations about real-world phenomena.
D) It helps provide a wider number of cases for researchers to study.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: States
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Q1) Political scientists,based on the work of Max Weber,define the state as
A) a small regional unit within a country, found only under federalism.
B) an organization that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory.
C) the basic rules and norms of politics.
D) any condition that leads to political action.
Answer: B
Q2) Do you live under a weak or strong state? How do the concepts of autonomy and capacity help in thinking about the categories of strong and weak?
Answer: A good answer will discuss the categories of strong and weak in terms of variation in autonomy (ability/power to act independently)and capacity (ability of the state to ensure basic security and stability).A good answer will also note types of activities that states with high/low capacity and/or high/low autonomy engage in on a regular basis and states that may serve as good examples of each.
Q3) What is the "state" and what are its primary features?
Answer: A good answer will include Weber's definition of the state as a "monopoly of force over a given territory" as well as a discussion of sovereignty,legitimacy,and the state's institutional role in policy making.
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Chapter 3: Nations and Society
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Q1) Political culture can be defined as
A) the views of a society toward the role of culture and its place in politics.
B) how politicians conduct their campaigns.
C) a society's norms for political activity.
D) the level of political modernization in a country.
Answer: C
Q2) In Ronald Inglehart's conception of political culture,what form of society is the opposite of traditional?
A) nationalistic
B) religious or fundamental
C) secular-rational
D) modernistic
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following concepts has the most potential to be inclusive or flexible?
A) citizenship
B) ethnic identity
C) national identity
D) patriotism
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Political Economy
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Q1) ________ are the most fundamental components of political economy.
A) Property and assets
B) Income and markets
C) Markets and property
D) Supply and demand
Q2) What is the oldest of the political-economic systems,and what system first rose to challenge it?
A) liberalism, first challenged by communism
B) mercantilism, first challenged by liberalism
C) communism, first challenged by social democracy
D) social democracy, first challenged by mercantilism
Q3) Which of the following statements about happiness as an indicator of political-economic systems is accurate?
A) Relative income is a stronger predictor of happiness than standard of living.
B) Standard of living is a stronger predictor of happiness than relative income.
C) Postcommunist countries have higher levels of happiness than very poor countries.
D) Latin American countries' very low levels of happiness correlate with very low per capita income.
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6
Chapter 5: Democratic Regimes
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Q1) In which of the following ways does a proportional representation (PR)system differ from a single-member district (SMD)system?
A) In a PR system, individual candidates win by plurality vote instead of a majority vote.
B) Each constituency in a PR system has only one representative.
C) In a PR system, votes cast for a candidate or party that does not win are essentially wasted.
D) Voters in a PR system are typically more willing to vote for smaller parties.
Q2) Civil rights typically refers to the promotion of A) equality.
B) freedom.
C) civic duties.
D) republicanism.
Q3) What are the most important differences between a single-member district system and a proportional representation system? Which is more democratic? Which is more efficient?
Q4) Describe the benefits that political parties bring to a democracy.How might the structure of political parties differ between proportional representation systems and single-member district systems?
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Chapter 6: Nondemocratic Regimes
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Q1) In which of the following ways does clientelism differ from corporatism?
A) Clientelism involves the military as well as business, rather than business groups only.
B) Clientelism tends to replace individual corporations with state-sanctioned ones.
C) Clientelism requires a more structured set of sanctioned and licensed organizations.
D) Clientelism relies on individual patronage rather than on large organizations.
Q2) Which of the following is among the characteristics that have led some to consider Russia a bureaucratic authoritarian regime?
A) Opposition to technological modernization comes primarily from the military regime.
B) Union leaders have found themselves endowed with high levels of authority, bolstered by the government.
C) The head of government and top rulers came into their positions from the military or security services.
D) Military and industry in the country find themselves on opposite ends of the political spectrum.
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8
Chapter 7: Political Violence
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Q1) The modern concepts of revolution and terrorism can be first traced back to which important modern event?
A) American Revolution
B) French Revolution
C) English Revolution
D) Russian Revolution
Q2) When looking at terrorists' backgrounds,we find that they
A) usually have an extensive criminal background.
B) almost always have religion as their primary motivating force.
C) are almost always illiterate.
D) often come from educated backgrounds.
Q3) Which of the following events is widely believed to involve (or have involved)state-sponsored terrorism?
A) fighting over the Indian province of Kashmir
B) the 1979 Iranian Revolution
C) the 2011 Egyptian uprising
D) the French Revolution
Q4) What distinguishes a terrorist,a guerrilla,and a revolutionary? How do these terms relate to one another? Can there be overlap,or are they very different categories?
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Chapter 8: Developed Democracies
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Q1) Which is the better approach to dealing with immigration: multiculturalism or assimilation? Why? What are the benefits and drawbacks of each?
Q2) Which of the following is a core component of the European Union?
A) Security Council
B) European Assembly
C) European Parliament
D) European Council of Ministers
Q3) Which of the following statements about developed democracies is accurate?
A) Widely varying HDI rankings are found among those countries considered to be developed democracies.
B) Industrial production constitutes a relatively large proportion of a developed democracy's GDP.
C) A relatively small agricultural sector is common among developed democracies.
D) Large service sectors and very small welfare states characterize developed democracies.
Q4) What is integration and what are the benefits or dangers of such a policy? Provide at least one real-world example of integration.
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Chapter 9: Communism and Postcommunism
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Q1) For Marxists,socialism represents
A) the enemy of communism.
B) the final end-stage of human history.
C) a transitional phase before communism.
D) the enemy that has to be overthrown.
Q2) What problems did the centralization of economic power in the state encounter that Marxist theory did not anticipate? Did communism create a more equal economic system?
Q3) The "cabinet" of the Communist Party as developed in the Soviet Union is generally known as the
A) Politburo.
B) nomenklatura.
C) general secretary.
D) general council.
Q4) In which of the following ways has China's transition from the communist model differed from that of Russia?
A) It has nationalized more industries than it has privatized.
B) It has sought economic change with little or no political change.
C) It has actively promoted strong nationalism.
D) It has failed to expand its natural resources sector.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Developing Countries
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Q1) Import substitution is most closely related to which of the following political-economic systems?
A) social democracy
B) mercantilism
C) liberalism
D) communism
Q2) The concept of a "hothouse economy" is associated with A) liberalization.
B) import substitution.
C) foreign direct investment.
D) communism.
Q3) One of the major criticisms of microfinance or microcredit is that the A) loans are rarely repaid.
B) loans create a dependency on foreign handouts.
C) loans do not help grow businesses that can hire employees.
D) international community is not involved in making these investments.
Q4) Describe the motivating factors that began the process of European imperialism in the 1500s.Why were European states so proficient at expanding colonial structures in the less-developed world?
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Chapter 11: Globalization and the Future of Comparative
Politics
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Q1) According to the 2010-14 World Values Survey,________ showed less mistrust of nationalities other than their own than ________.
A) respondents under 29; respondents over 50
B) respondents over 50; respondents under 29
C) respondents from less-developed countries; respondents from more developed countries
D) respondents from more developed countries; respondents from less-developed countries
Q2) Explain how state sovereignty is threatened by an increasingly globalized and interconnected world.Will the state eventually wither away,being overtaken by new forms of political organization?
Q3) Some optimists argue that a global cosmopolitanism could pave the way for
A) a global civil society.
B) one world government.
C) "cyber-anarchism."
D) a common world religion.
Q4) Describe the arguments for globalization as both a positive economic force that will raise the standards of living and a negative economic force that will bring about a "race to the bottom."
Page 13
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