Government and Politics
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the structures, functions, and processes of government and politics, with a focus on understanding how institutions, political actors, and public policies shape societies. Students will explore key concepts such as democracy, authoritarianism, political ideologies, political participation, and the role of constitutions. Comparative and theoretical perspectives are used to analyze different governmental systems, electoral processes, and policy-making procedures. By examining both historical contexts and contemporary issues, the course equips students with the analytical tools necessary to critically assess the impact of government and politics on national and global affairs.
Recommended Textbook
Political Science An Introduction 14th Global Edition by Michael G. Roskin
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17 Chapters
1013 Verified Questions
1013 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Politics and Political Science
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aristotle's view that,like herd animals,humans naturally live in groups is most related to which kind of explanation for political power?
A)biological
B)psychological
C)cultural
D)economic
Answer: A
Q2) Potential explanations that a scientist tests are known as __________.
A)ideologies
B)biases
C)qualitative data
D)hypotheses
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following thinkers would be most likely to accept an aggressive king?
A)Hobbes and Machiavelli
B)Hobbes and Rousseau
C)Rousseau and Machiavelli
D)Locke and Machiavelli
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Political Ideologies
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adam Smith is associated with __________.
A)fascism
B)neoconservatism
C)classic liberalism
D)socialism
Answer: C
Q2) According to Karl Marx,a communist system is one where the government
A)is rendered unnecessary
B)is limited to national security matters
C)creates policies to promote rapid economic growth
D)ensures that one social class does not oppress another
Answer: A
Q3) Which of these statements is consistent with Francis Fukuyama's view?
A)A centralized world government is inevitable.
B)Ideological conflict is a product of inherent human traits.
C)There will be no more world wars over conflicting ideologies.
D)War will always be necessary to protect American interests abroad.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: States
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A process of devolution involves __________.
A)shifting some powers from central government to component units
B)limiting the role of the government in economic affairs
C)consolidating power within a central government
D)the government playing a larger role in regulating the economy
Answer: A
Q2) Political institutions represent established and durable patterns of __________ in a country.
A)authority
B)dissent
C)instability
D)anarchy
Answer: A
Q3) At the heart of the concept of a federal system is __________.
A)the nearly absolute lack of government regulation of the economy
B)the power of central government to dissolve political subunits at any time
C)the existence of component states with some powers that cannot be easily overridden by the central government
D)a fusion of the legislative and executive branch functions of government
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Constitutions and Rights
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is a weakness of the Brazilian constitution?
A)It weighs aristocracy more heavily than democracy.
B)It does not give the government effective national security tools.
C)It confers too many rights for the government to realistically guarantee.
D)It creates an electoral system that is too difficult for most citizens to understand.
Q2) Which doctrine allows detainees to argue their innocence before a judge?
A)constitutionalism
B)habeas corpus
C)judicial activism
D)separation of powers
Q3) In most European countries,__________ is an illegal form of speech.
A)denying the Holocaust
B)drawing offensive cartoons
C)supporting the right to own guns
D)criticizing the president or prime minister
Q4) The use of judicial review is expressly outlined in the U.S.Constitution.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Regimes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement explains why democracies tend to fail in poor countries?
A)Majorities in poor countries are fundamentally intolerant of other ethnic groups,and this is reinforced by poor educational standards.
B)The income of politicians is too low for them to produce positive social change and governments themselves are poorly structured.
C)Totalitarian government places a much lower cost burden on society,and poorer citizens tend to favor dictators for the order they can impose.
D)Poor countries tend to lack a vibrant middle class,education levels are low,pluralism functions poorly,and people have yet to be shaped by markets that normalize behavior.
Q2) Venezuela is which type of authoritarian regime?
A)military
B)personalistic
C)dominant-party
D)limited monarchy
Q3) Democracy was widely accepted in Europe throughout the nineteenth century.
A)True
B)False
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Available
Chapter 6: Political Culture
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58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In any country in the world,which of the following people would you expect to participate the most in politics?
A)a professional poker player
B)a pastor at a small-town church
C)a wealthy business leader
D)a college student taking courses in the social sciences
Q2) What is one likely explanation for the fact that the 2001 tax cuts favored the wealthiest Americans?
A)Thanks to their resources,wealthy people know how to identify and bribe corrupt politicians.
B)Thanks to their resources,wealthy people do not need a high level of education or political competence to see their policy agenda fulfilled.
C)Thanks to their education and resources,wealthy people are cynical and parochial.
D)Thanks to their education and resources,wealthy people have both political competence and political efficacy.
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8
Chapter 7: Public Opinion
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Survey results show that __________ Americans tend to be more tolerant and more in favor of civil rights than the public as a whole.
A)wealthy
B)rural-dwelling
C)college-educated
D)strongly religious
Q2) Published surveys tend to be more carefully watched by the public during __________.
A)wartime
B)election years
C)times of great social change
D)upturns in the stock market
Q3) Which of the following lends support to the political generations theory of public opinion?
A)Young voters went strongly to Obama in the 2008 and 2012 elections.
B)Younger people are better educated about political issues than older people.
C)Older people are better informed about political issues than younger people.
D)Many people who lived through the Great Depression are life-long supporters of welfare programs.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Political Communication
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because the president gets in and out of helicopters,visits foreign leaders,and is sometimes involved in scandals,the media tend to cover the executive branch more heavily than the legislative or judicial branches.This is an example of __________.
A)structural bias
B)elitism in media
C)non-paternalism
D)the bandwagon effect
Q2) Which of these events is most likely to be ignored by the mainstream media because of structural bias?
A)Senate hearings on a proposed education bill
B)a speech by the president to the UN General Assembly
C)video footage of refugees fleeing across an international border
D)reports from a journalist embedded with a military unit in a war zone
Q3) How is television viewership related to group participation?
A)Increased viewing leads to increased political involvement.
B)Decreased viewing is associated with a decline in perceived voter efficacy.
C)Increased viewing is associated with lower social trust and group membership.
D)Decreased viewing has no statistically significant effect on voter participation.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Interest Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Tobacco Institute maintains a low profile by __________ rather than operating in ways that are obvious to the public.
A)quietly bribing politicians
B)working through minor political parties
C)funding research that supports its agenda
D)supporting feel-good initiatives in the community
Q2) A strong state is necessary for a healthy interest group environment because strong states have __________.
A)a highly active citizenry
B)high levels of economic achievement
C)well-established relationships with corporations
D)the ability to keep groups from acting outside the law
Q3) A government-created interest group is one that results from __________.
A)a schism within a political party
B)passage of campaign-finance limits
C)creation of a government program or bureaucracy
D)the deregulation of private fund-raising activities
Q4) Since the 1970s,the number of single-issue interest groups has risen.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the current political environment,a party's brand is most likely to be a result of
A)focus group studies
B)the country's system of representation
C)influence from ideologically-pure think tanks
D)clashes between newcomers and the establishment
Q2) Britain's party system is among the most centralized in the world.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A strong party system is likely to produce __________.
A)ineffective public policies
B)high levels of voter turnout
C)increased levels of political apathy
D)multiple candidates running for most seats
Q4) Under Margaret Thatcher,the British Conservatives wanted to __________.
A)dismantle the welfare state
B)distribute wealth more evenly
C)promote an official state religion
D)implement Keynesian economic policies
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Chapter 11: Elections
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups has the lowest voter turnout rates in America today?
A)Latinos
B)African-Americans
C)women
D)Christians
Q2) If Nixon's 1968 election was indicative of realignment,then Carter's victory in 1976 would be considered __________.
A)a rejection of liberal ideas
B)an electoral fluke
C)largely unrelated to Watergate
D)a deviating election
Q3) Americans must __________ sometimes months before the election and before campaign excitement mounts.
A)lobby
B)declare a party allegiance
C)personally register to vote
D)caucus
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Chapter 12: Legislatures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Members of the British House of Lords spend most of their time __________.
A)crafting new legislation
B)participating in ministerial debates
C)approving or rejecting legislation from the lower house
D)debating broad issues and catching errors in legislation passed by the lower house
Q2) In which of these areas is the role of the legislature the least significant?
A)passing laws
B)writing bills
C)supporting constituents
D)holding oversight hearings
Q3) In the United Kingdom,Question Hour __________.
A)exemplifies the direct accountability of the government to the people
B)illustrates how democratic accountability is dependent on partisan advantage
C)demonstrates how the executive branch is responsive to the legislative branch
D)shows how the executive branch has oversight over both the courts and the legislature
Q4) European parliaments tend to be more efficient than the U.S.Congress.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Executives and Bureaucracies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best explains the difficulty that legislators have cutting government expenditures for bureaucracies?
A)Cabinet ministers work hard.
B)A majority of the workforce in many countries works for the bureaucracy.
C)Cabinet ministers work hard to maintain and expand their departmental budget.
D)The public tends to value the skills of bureaucrats more than the promises of politicians.
Q2) Electoral punishment is a potential remedy to the __________.
A)increasing size of bureaucracies
B)steady growth in executive power
C)prevalence of a hands-off leadership style
D)high expectations the public has for its chief executive
Q3) Which of these is more likely to occur in a one-party regime than in a democratic country?
A)Bureaucratic regulation of private behavior is kept to a minimum.
B)Political officials have an easy time reigning in the power of bureaucracies.
C)Corrupt bureaucrats receive understanding and forgiveness from the public.
D)Members of the bureaucracy enjoy privileges that are not available to most citizens.
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Chapter 14: Judiciaries
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mapp v.Ohio (1961)ruled that __________.
A)evidence police seized without a warrant was inadmissible in a state court
B)those who cannot afford legal counsel will have an attorney provided to them
C)police officers can use evidence that they stumble upon while looking for something else
D)law enforcement officers may search private residences and obtain a warrant after the fact
Q2) How was Soviet law an example of the commitment to Marxist principles?
A)Soviet law put the working class in charge of the administration of justice.
B)Soviet law had a deeply adversarial process that mirrored the class struggle.
C)Soviet law focused more on crimes of conscience than crimes of commission.
D)Soviet law made little or no mention of bourgeois concepts like private property.
Q3) The decision by the Supreme Court in Brown v.Board of Education that forced the integration of public schools is an example of __________.
A)positive law
B)stare decisis
C)judicial review
D)diversity of jurisdiction
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Political Economy
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these contributes to an increase in mandatory spending levels?
A)an increase in deficit spending
B)the implementation of a tax cut
C)the creation of a means-tested program
D)an expansion of pre-existing welfare programs
Q2) In response to the 2008 economic crisis,President Bush favored a massive spending program to shore up shaky banks.Which statement explains how this is an example of Keynesian economics?
A)Keynes favored policies that could be implemented and changed quickly.
B)Keynes believed that a stable banking system was the key to economic stability.
C)According to Keynes,governments can best address recessions through deficit spending.
D)According to Keynes,the private sector will always mimic the economic behavior of the government.
Q3) According to the U.S.Labor Department,the poverty line is __________.
A)three times a city's minimal lodging budget
B)twice a minimal food budget plus $400 for lodging
C)four times minimal living expenses for an urban family of five
D)three times a minimal food budget for nonfarm families of four
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Violence and Revolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the main reason that Hubert Humphrey lost the election in 1968?
A)his unwavering support of the Vietnam War
B)his opposition to secret U.S.bombing campaigns in Laos and Cambodia
C)his vocal support of the protestors at the Democratic Convention
D)his ambiguous position on the Vietnam War
Q2) Political breakdown creates the conditions necessary for a small group of people,often __________,to take over and create a __________.
A)the political elite; police state
B)the merchant class; new capitalist democracy
C)the military; dictatorship
D)the working class; Marxist revolution
Q3) Hannah Arendt pointed out that rage is the fuel of revolution.What is now the greatest cause of rage in developing nations?
A)low education levels
B)environmental devastation
C)economic exploitation by multinational corporations
D)massive corruption
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18
Chapter 17: International Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In theory,what is the role of foreign powers in relation to sovereign states?
A)Foreign powers agree to provide financial aid in times of crisis.
B)Foreign powers typically maintain satellite rule over sovereign states.
C)Foreign states have no business intruding on a sovereign state's affairs.
D)Foreign powers can overrule sovereign states in economic matters,but not cultural ones.
Q2) After the U.S.invasion of Iraq in 204,Iraq's stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction were discovered and destroyed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The World Trade Organization (WTO)is committed to __________.
A)promoting the free-market ideology
B)serving its members' national interests
C)preventing bipolar economic domination
D)limiting the negative impacts of globalization
Q4) Collective security is problematic because of __________.
A)globalization
B)the hierarchy of power
C)differences in national interest
D)inherent human aggressiveness
Page 19
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