Global Perspectives on Crime and Justice
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Course Introduction
This course explores the varied manifestations of crime and the administration of justice from a global perspective, examining how cultural, social, economic, and political factors shape definitions of crime, criminal behavior, and responses to crime around the world. Through comparative analysis of legal systems, law enforcement practices, and crime prevention strategies in diverse societies, students engage with topics such as transnational crime, human rights, restorative justice, and international cooperation in criminal justice. The course encourages critical analysis of global crime trends and challenges students to consider the implications of global interconnectedness for justice and security in an increasingly complex world.
Recommended Textbook
Comparative Criminal Justice Systems 5th Edition by Harry R. Dammer
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) The single thing needed most for solving the problems of transnational crime and justice is:
A)Global Cooperation
B)Corruption
C)Money
D)Legislation
Answer: A
Q2) Discuss the difference between International and Transnational Crimes.Give an example of each.
Answer: -International crimes against the peace and security of mankind
-Based on international agreements between countries or on legal precedents developed through history
-Ex.Genocide,torture,enslavement of populations
-Transnational offenses whose inception,acts,and impact involve more than one country
-Ex.Illicit drug trafficking
Q3) A ___________ __________ is defined as an internationally recognized unit of political authority over a given territory.
Answer: Sovereign State
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3
Chapter 2: Measuring and Comparing
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Q1) Discuss the four (4) main flaws of the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR).
Answer: -Counts only crimes reported to the police
-Crimes that are not reported to the police are missed and contribute to the dark figure of crime
-Less than half of all crimes are reported to the police
-The UCR is voluntary
-Not every police department report crime data every year
-Some police stations do not count their crimes carefully which can also lead to undercounts
-The UCR gathers information on a limited range of offenses
-Criminal homicide,forcible rape,robbery,aggravated assault,burglary,larceny,motor vehicle theft,and arson
-None of the major transnational crimes discussed in chapter 1 are included
-The UCR counts arrests for 29 other generally less serious offenses
-Arrests occur even less often than do police reports of crimes to police,so they cannot be used to count incidents accurately
Q2) _______________ is helpful because it is able to compare information about known offenders with those who have not been caught.
Answer: Self-reporting
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Families of Law
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Q1) ______________, which orders public servants to perform the duties that are part of their jobs, is an equity procedure that is common to us today.
Answer: Writ of mandamus
Q2) The Civil Law is more ancient, more complex and more difficult than the French and German codes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) ____________________ is law that does not pertain to religion or any religious body.
Answer: Secular Law
Q4) Equity courts arose out of the practice of appealing directly to the king to rule on cases that did not fit well into the Common Law structure.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q5) _____________ are crimes against God, and are seen a violation of "natural law." Answer: Hudud crimes
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Chapter 4: Six Model Nations
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Q1) Organic laws are those laws of Parliament that describe the machinery of government; an example of which being, The Human Rights Act of 1998.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Organized crime, or __________________ in Japanese, is known to be a crime problem in Japan and was a main reason for crime increases in recent years.
Q3) One of the most important changes in German law in modern times was the German Civil Code, developed under Bismarck.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Confucian ethics, the main force behind motivating people to avoid illegal or immoral activities is:
A)Retribution
B)Group consciousness
C)Rehabilitation
D)Harsh punishment
Q5) Keeping order in England is a shared responsibility between the _____________ and ___________ government.
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Chapter 5: Law Enforcement: Functions, Organization and
Current
Issues
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Q1) Police officers act ____________, when in exercising or failing to exercise their authority, they act with the primary intention of furthering private or departmental advantage.
Q2) Compare and Contrast the United States with one of our model countries.Be sure to discuss civil order and deviance control functions, which police model is used, current issues of concern and types of community policing strategies are used.
Q3) Discuss the five models of policing used around the world discussed within the text.Give examples countries that use each method.
Q4) In England, __________________serves as a national repository for information on crime statistics, criminal activity, missing persons, fingerprints and juvenile delinquent data.
Q5) Civil order control is a big concern for France, because the French have a long history of taking to the streets to express their unhappiness.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The German constitution allows each _____________ to have its own police law and force.
Q7) Discuss the two major functions of modern police forces.
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Chapter 6: Criminal Procedure
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Q1) England, like the United States, has no judicial review procedures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In France, bail serves two purposes: to ensure the suspect will appear in court and to pay fines or damages if he or she is found guilty.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The French system is known as _____________________ because the council decides on issues of constitutionality without hearing actual cases that have arisen under specific laws.
Q4) List the criminal procedure for each model country in regards to the right to remain silent, right to jury by trial, and kind of procedural system.
Q5) Give the definition of supranational courts and also discuss the three general forms of supranational courts.
Q6) Discuss the four main methods of constitutional review used in the world today.Be sure to include which model countries practice each method if any.
Q7) Discuss the Popular (Mixed) System and cite examples within our model countries.
Q8) Discuss the distinctive aspects of Socialist Law procedure.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Courts and Legal Professionals
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Q1) Saudi lawyers who practice in court must be __________ Muslims.
Q2) In England, there are two types of magistrates: ______________, who are attorneys by trade and are paid by the state for their work and ____________, who are appointed to serve as volunteer judges.
Q3) In societies where communal ties may be strong enough to enable disputes to be settled in informal ways, ______________ courts have been formed.
Q4) Bureaucratically based systems are found in the countries that have:
A)Civil Law systems
B)Common Law systems
C)Sacred Law systems
D)Socialist Law systems
Q5) Which of the following countries supports the International Criminal Courts?
A)China
B)Japan
C)United States
D)Russia
Q6) The Court of Last Resort in China is the ____________________.
Q7) Discuss the importance of judicial independence and judicial impartiality.
Q8) Courts of Limited Jurisdiction in Japan are called _______________.
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Chapter 8: After Conviction: The Sentencing Process
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Q1) Which of the following is not one of the possible reasons for why the United States appears to be moving towards abolition of the death penalty?
A)The decrease in the violent crime rate in the United States
B)Changing public attitudes towards the death penalty
C)Increase in the number of exonerations in death penalty cases
D)Pressure from the international community to abolish
Q2) ___________________ expands the surveillance capacity of supervision.
Q3) In recent years many countries, especially those in Europe, have actually made an effort to reduce sentencing severity for a number of crimes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Day fines were created in response to the concern that fines exact a heavier toll on the poor than on the wealthy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the three reasons for the United States' turn toward abolition of the death penalty.
Q6) Confiscation and _____________ is the governmental seizure of property derived from or used in criminal activity.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: After Conviction: The Problem of Prison
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Q1) Discuss America's experience with incarceration.Be sure to include information regarding the progressive movement and the crime control model.
Q2) In the postwar years, France moved from an emphasis on prison reform to a generally harsher philosophy on punishment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________________________ represent a way to bring outsiders into the prisons to help with problems of administration and discipline.
Q4) The crime control model assumes that criminal behavior can be controlled by:
A)Introspective therapy
B)More incarceration and strict supervision in the community
C)Implementation of more noncustodial sanctions
D)A regime of solitude
Q5) England and Wales have the highest number of inmates in Western and Northern Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q6) List the seven kinds of formal social control mechanisms in China.
Q7) Discuss the placement of supranational criminals.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Terrorism
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Q1) Israeli authorities have a firm policy of refusing to negotiate or give in to terrorist demands.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following does not track or report terrorist activity or events?
A)National Counterterrorism Center
B)Worldwide Incidents Tracking System
C)Global Terrorism Database
D)United Nations Annual Statistics of Terrorist Activity
Q3) A terroristic act that is directed at a specific goal that is easy to articulate and understand, such as overthrow political command within one's own country would be an example of which kind of terroristic goal?
A)Revolutionary
B)State-sponsored
C)International
D)Religious
Q4) International cooperation is not essential in order to effectively fight against terrorism.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Transnational Organized Crime
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of the provision of illicit goods and services?
A)Fraud
B)Extortion
C)Illicit arms trafficking
D)Corruption using intimidation
Q2) Define power and enterprise syndicates.Be sure to acknowledge which type is more popular.Also, discuss the gradual distinctions between the structure and organization of organized criminal groups that is cited by the United Nations survey in the text.
Q3) _________________________________________ entered into force in 2005 and, as of this writing, 160 nations have ratified it, representing more than three-fourths of the world's nations.The Corruption Convention has provisions that focus on prevention, criminalization, international cooperation, and asset recovery.
Q4) Yakuza gangs in Japan engage primarily in extortion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The misuse of computer and the internet to carry out criminal activity is called
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13
Chapter 12: Juvenile Justice in International Perspective
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Q1) Discuss the 5 juvenile justice adjudication initiatives.
Q2) Discuss in detail the four primary international agreements that address juveniles and the legal process.
Q3) England's approach to juvenile justice is extremely different from that of the United States, in that they do not have a juvenile justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ______________ refers to a medieval doctrine stating that the English Crown was able to intervene in family matters if the parents were unable or unwilling to care for the welfare of a child.
Q5) The underlying philosophy of _________________ involves serving the best interests of public by making sure that public safety is not put in jeopardy.
Q6) Explain the juvenile justice approach in two of our model countries.
Q7) Drunk driving is an example of a status offense, in that only persons under 18 can be punished for this crime.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Discuss the findings on delinquency prevention.
Page 14
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