Global Governance
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Global Governance explores the complex structures, institutions, and processes through which international affairs are managed beyond the nation-state. The course examines the roles of organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, World Trade Organization, and various non-governmental actors in addressing transnational issues like security, human rights, economic development, and climate change. Students analyze the effectiveness, challenges, and evolution of collaborative policymaking and regulatory frameworks in an interconnected world, considering perspectives on power, legitimacy, and accountability. Through case studies and theoretical approaches, the course equips students with a nuanced understanding of the opportunities and limitations of managing global challenges through cooperative governance.
Recommended Textbook
World Politics Interests Interactions Institutions 3rd Edition by Jeffry A. Frieden
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1179 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a theory?
A)A guess about the current state of the world.
B)An educated guess about how two events relate to each other.
C)A logically consistent set of statements that explain a phenomenon of interest.
D)An unproven hypothesis.
E)An unprovable set of assumptions that establish untestable propositions about the world.
Answer: C
Q2) Bargaining is an interaction in which:
A)actors must choose outcomes that make one better off at the expense of another.
B)actors must choose outcomes that make all the parties better off.
C)actors are forced into situations that hurt everyone as equally as possible.
D)actors are forced into outcomes that help everyone.
E)one actor decides who should benefit and who should be harmed.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: What Shaped Our World
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Q1) By the early twentieth century,the balance of power between major countries was most affected by the:
A)continued isolation of Japan.
B)rise of the Austro-Hungarian empire.
C)rise of the Ottoman Empire.
D)persistent isolation of the United States.
E)unification of Germany.
Answer: E
Q2) Why did the adoption of the gold standard facilitate global trade?
A)Gold was easier to mine than previous standard metals.
B)The International Monetary Fund pushed for the adoption of the gold standard.
C)It suited the interests of Great Britain,as it controlled most of the gold mines.
D)It created a predictable way to exchange international currencies.
E)Few countries had existing trade barriers against gold.
Answer: D
Q3) What were the major assumptions behind mercantilism? Why did mercantilism give way to globalization and free trade? Whose interests were most served by the change?
Answer: Answer will vary.
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Chapter 3: Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions
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Q1) An actor using agenda-setting power during bargaining:
A)makes the last (and decisive)move.
B)uses knowledge of the agenda to create coalitions with other actors.
C)links items on the agenda to other issues,in order to coerce other actors.
D)acts first and therefore changes what choices are available to the other actors.
E)keeps the official record of the proceedings and uses this to promote its own description of the agreement or treaty.
Answer: D
Q2) The best example of institutional bias reflecting the history of its creation is the:
A)one country-one vote procedure in the United Nations General Assembly.
B)unanimous consent of the Council of Ministers of the European Economic Community before 1986.
C)veto power of the five permanent members on the United Nations Security Council.
D)qualified majority voting rule of the European Union.
E)consensus procedure in the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Why Are There Wars
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why might an apparently indivisible good actually be divisible?
A)No goods are completely indivisible-there are ways to divide any goods.
B)The good concerned is territory,which is difficult to divide.
C)States are willing to ruin an indivisible good by splitting it rather than allow another state to win the whole good.
D)Sometimes states falsely claim that a desired object is indivisible in order to strengthen their bargaining positions.
E)Sometimes leaders think an asset like future military power is indivisible,because of misperception.
Answer: D
Q2) Why is it difficult to make a threat of attack seem credible to an opponent?
A)States rarely have the capability to actually attack another country.
B)The opponent can easily tell when the threatening state is bluffing.
C)Opponents have access to enough information about the other state to discredit its threats.
D)The threat of such a war can seem too costly to be a reasonable option.
E)The opponent may not realize how costly war can be.
Answer: D
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Chapter 5: Domestic Politics and War
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Q1) Explain how and to what extent the military can influence foreign policy decisions.
Q2) What is the most likely result for a leader after the outcome of a war?
A)An autocratic leader who wins a war is likely to lose power.
B)An autocratic leader who loses a war and loses power will go unpunished.
C)A democratic leader who wins a war is likely to lose power.
D)A democratic leader who loses a war is likely to lose power.
E)A democratic leader who loses a war and loses power is likely to be punished.
Q3) All of the following are examples of when the military can be an important domestic actor EXCEPT when:
A)a group of military officers took direct control of the Brazilian government from 1964 to 1985.
B)a single general was the dictator of Chile from 1973 to 1990.
C)the Argentine military junta was forced from office by popular rebellions in 1983.
D)the civilian president of Ecuador was forced from office with support from the military in 2000.
E)the Mexican government used the military to shoot student protesters in 1968.
Q4) Explain how the democratic peace theory encompasses institutions,interactions,and interests.
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Chapter 6: International Institutions and War
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Q1) Which of the following would be considered a collective security organization?
A)The "Pact of Steel" between Germany and Italy.
B)The League of Nations.
C)The European Union.
D)The North American Free Trade Agreement.
E)The World Trade Organization.
Q2) Which of the following best describes an alliance?
A)An institution that promotes peace among its members.
B)An institution that helps states cooperate militarily to achieve their common security goals.
C)Organizations that assist states in increasing their weapons development.
D)An agreement between two countries to collectively monitor their elections.
E)An organization that helps promote members' common interest in ensuring peace.
Q3) What kinds of credibility and commitment problems do states have when they join alliances?
Q4) How did alliances contribute to the "Long Peace" of the twentieth century?
Q5) Has the United Nations (UN)made the world a safer place than it would have otherwise been if the organization had never been created? Explain.
Q6) How did the alliance system contribute to the beginning of World War I?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism
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Q1) Why do some grievances lead to civil war and others do not?
Q2) Terrorist groups being unable to rein in "loose cannons" represent what kind of threat to bargaining?
A)Information asymmetries.
B)Commitment problems.
C)Issue indivisibilities.
D)International intervention.
E)Brinkmanship bargaining.
Q3) What is NOT a reason why foreign intervention in civil war is important?
A)Intervention by a foreign power determines which side of the conflict is legitimate and which side is illegitimate.
B)Aid from a foreign source can determine the longevity of a civil war.
C)Intervention from another state can determine which side will win a conflict.
D)Aid from a foreign government can be fundamental to a rebel movement forming in the first place.
E)Foreign governments can intervene on behalf of the state to increase the state's likelihood of succeeding.
Q4) What characteristics of a state make civil war more likely and why?
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Q5) In what ways are rebels and terrorists similar? In what ways are they different?
Chapter 8: International Trade
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Q1) All of the following are examples of protectionism EXCEPT:
A)a quota on the number of Japanese cars imported into the United States.
B)a ban on computers imported into Brazil.
C)a tax on steel imports into the United States.
D)the United States limiting the sale of valuable military equipment to other countries.
E)the Mexican government limiting the number of tons of sugar imported into Mexico.
Q2) Which of the following is most likely a developed country?
A)A country with no trade restrictions of any kind on imports.
B)A country with no quotas on manufactured goods.
C)A country that imposes a tax on technology exports.
D)A country that has trade restrictions on agricultural imports.
E)A country that has high tariffs on manufactured goods.
Q3) Explain hegemonic stability theory and how one or a few powerful countries can affect the international trading system.
Q4) How do international institutions affect whether the world trading system is more or less open?
Q5) How does the WTO both help and hurt the world's poor?
Q6) Explain how trade bargaining problems can resemble a Prisoner's Dilemma.
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Chapter 9: International Financial Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) As an individual person,you are most likely to engage in international finance through:
A)portfolio investments.
B)direct investments.
C)multilateral lending certificates.
D)sovereign lending.
E)concessional finance.
Q2) At the end of the financial crisis of 2008,which region was facing new pressures from mounting debt at a level unparalleled since the 1930s?
A)North America.
B)South America.
C)Europe.
D)Africa.
E)Southeast Asia.
Q3) Which of the following is an austerity measure?
A)The United States lowered interest rates in response to the financial crisis.
B)Brazil increased spending on health care for the poor.
C)Mexico raised interest rates to 50 percent in 1994.
D)Venezuela reduced the price of bus fares.
E)Russia lowered taxes on the middle class.
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Chapter 10: International Monetary Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why can interactions in an international monetary regime be like a Prisoner's Dilemma?
A)Each government has an incentive to cheat by pegging its currency;the result is a world where every government wants to peg its currency to someone else.
B)Each government has an incentive to cheat by devaluing its currency,and the result is all governments become worse off because of competitive devaluations.
C)Each government faces a choice between fixing its currency's exchange rate or letting the currency float freely.
D)Each government is trapped by the rules of the international monetary regime.
E)All governments have a clear incentive to create an international government to regulate monetary affairs even though this will make them captive to its rules.
Q2) What type of country would be the strongest supporter of adopting the euro?
A)A large country with a very protectionist trade policy.
B)A large country with a moderately liberal trade policy.
C)A small country with a very liberal trade policy.
D)A small country with a very protectionist trade policy.
E)A medium-sized country with a moderately protectionist trade policy.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations
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Q1) How did colonialism benefit the colonies?
A)Some built infrastructure that later contributed to colonial economic development.
B)Colonies traded only with the colonial power,creating an important trading partnership.
C)The colonial powers sent special elite administrators to their colonies.
D)The citizens of the colonial power had special economic privileges.
E)Manufacturing was limited in the colonies.
Q2) According to Argentine economist Raúl Prebisch,________ countries are likely to benefit from the long-term trajectory of the terms of trade in the international economy.
A)militarily powerful
B)less developed
C)developed
D)democratic
E)autocratic
Q3) Is increased aid from developed countries likely to change the current state of the international system in regard to lesser developed countries? Why or why not?
Q4) How do the interests of rich and poor countries converge and conflict?
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Chapter 12: International Law and Norms
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of the boomerang process?
A)TANs appeal to the nongovernmental organizations in an undemocratic state to pressure their government to change.
B)Exiled citizens become activists abroad and then return home to pressure the government to change.
C)The harsh policies implemented by the authoritarian state backfire by creating mass domestic opposition.
D)Nongovernmental organizations in a state contact transnational organizations,which bring pressure on their government to change policies.
E)A state's criticism of other states' offenses opens itself up to domestic criticism of its own abuses.
Q2) What is NOT a factor in determining the difference between hard and soft law?
A)Obligation.
B)Precision.
C)Delegation.
D)Enforcement.
E)Relative power.
Q3) What role do TANs play in the creation of international agreements?
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14
Chapter 13: Human Rights
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of transitional justice?
A)A state extraditing a former president that abused human rights.
B)A new government setting up a truth and reconciliation committee.
C)The creation of an international court on human rights.
D)Invading another country to depose an existing regime that violates human rights.
E)A firm changing its name to distance itself from its past.
Q2) In which of these regions have human rights abuses declined the most in the past 25 years?
A)South America.
B)North America.
C)Asia.
D)Western Europe.
E)Africa.
Q3) Since the adoption of the UDHR and the twin covenants:
A)states have pulled back from issuing such strong human rights protections.
B)states have refused to enforce the provisions of the documents.
C)additional rights have been guaranteed through supplemental agreements.
D)many rights have been redefined as being nonderogable.
E)Western states have lost interest in protecting human rights.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why has cooperation in restoring the ozone been more successful than efforts to address climate change?
Q2) Why did the requirement that tankers purchase new discharge equipment reduce oil pollution?
A)The newly required equipment was cheaper than the old equipment,so more tanker companies purchased it.
B)The new equipment made it easier for transnational advocacy networks to monitor tankers at sea.
C)Although the new equipment was more expensive than the previous measures,verification of compliance was easier than before.
D)Many tanker companies could not afford the new equipment and went out of business;fewer tankers resulted in fewer oil discharges.
E)The new requirement sent a message to tanker companies that governments were serious about enforcing discharge limits.
Q3) Why has the United States refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol? What does this tell us about the nature and challenges of international bargaining on environmental issues?
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16
Chapter 15: The Future of International Politics
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Q1) What does NOT happen when there is a large shift of power between two actors?
A)The rising power expects to do better in the event of war.
B)The rising power is more likely to reject bargains with which it was previously satisfied.
C)The rising power will seek to renegotiate something more in its favor than the status quo.
D)The rising power will credibly commit to not renegotiate bargains further in its favor when it is dominant.
E)The rising power will attempt to create new deals that shift power away from the other state and make the rising power more powerful.
Q2) In which of the following ways has the United States NOT responded to China?
A)The United States has created an East Asian version of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
B)The United States has maintained bases in East Asia.
C)The United States has pursued closer relations with India.
D)The United States has supported China's membership in the World Trade Organization.
E)The United States has pursued closer relations with Vietnam.
Q3) How and why is China's rising power likely to affect international relations?
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Foundations, war, and Peace
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Q1) Indivisibility creates problems for the bargaining model's prediction that war should NOT occur because:
A)all states value indivisible goods highly,so they bargain fiercely and have more incentive to bluff.
B)indivisible goods make it impossible to calculate the probable outcome of war and the bargaining range is unknown.
C)it is difficult to credibly commit to a bargain over an indivisible good when power shifts over time.
D)when goods are indivisible,states are unlikely to agree to any split of the good.
E)none of the states can see the good over which they are bargaining.
Q2) What kind of institutional arrangements are most conducive to providing a credible collective security arrangement? Use real examples to illustrate your point.
Q3) The Soviet Union and the United States never fought a direct war with each other.What institutions,practices,and events prevented the Cold War from becoming hot?
Q4) Why does the absence of a central authority usually lead states to bargain in order to resolve their conflicts?
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18
Politics, and Looking Ahead
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Q1) If the threatened use of nuclear weapons in war is credible,what effect does this have for the bargaining model of war in a conflict between two nuclear states?
A)It increases the potential benefits for a nuclear state.
B)It increases the potential costs asymmetrically for the two states.
C)Third parties should be more likely to intervene to prevent the conflict.
D)War will be more likely,as states will want to make sure they attack first.
E)It expands the acceptable bargain range for both parties.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an environmental issue that has reached the third stage of a norms cycle?
A)Norms entrepreneurs are actively convincing other actors about the importance of the environment.
B)The issues dealing with the environment are being favorably covered by major media sources.
C)The proper steps to be taken in order to address environmental concern are being discussed in international organizations.
D)Some states sanction other states for not protecting the environment.
E)Enforcement of environmental protection is not needed,as states protect the environment on their own.
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