Global Governance Final Exam
Course Introduction
Global Governance explores the systems, institutions, and processes through which international affairs are managed across borders in an increasingly interconnected world. This course examines the roles of international organizations, states, non-state actors, and transnational networks in addressing collective challenges such as security, human rights, trade, development, and environmental protection. Students will analyze the effectiveness and limitations of global governance mechanisms, studying key issues like international law, multilateral diplomacy, and global policy-making, while critically assessing the balance between national sovereignty and global cooperation in the pursuit of global public goods.
Recommended Textbook
World Politics Interests Interactions Institutions 3rd Edition by Jeffry A. Frieden
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of an interest?
A)A politician is elected president.
B)A politician collects campaign donations to be elected president.
C)Individuals vote for a politician to be president.
D)A politician is put on the ballot in all the districts in which he or she is running.
E)A politician wants to be president.
Answer: E
Q2) Which of the following is an example of cooperation?
A)Two states agreeing to invade a third state.
B)A state banning the language of a minority group within its territory.
C)Two states agreeing to similar sets of traffic laws in order to make border crossings more fluid.
D)A state making a concession to a rebel group in an effort to end civil war.
E)Two states raising taxes on imports so they will become less reliant on each other.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: What Shaped Our World
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Q1) What did NOT increase under Pax Britannica?
A)Investment.
B)Immigration.
C)International trade.
D)The capacity for communication.
E)European wars.
Answer: E
Q2) The end of the Cold War was preceded by which event in the 1980s?
A)Decreased military spending by the United States.
B)Increased Soviet repression in Eastern Europe.
C)Increased Soviet troops in Vietnam.
D)Policies of greater openness and economic reconstruction in the Soviet Union.
E)Economic recovery in the Soviet Union.
Answer: D
Q3) How have international affairs changed in the years since the end of the Cold War? Which developments do you believe to be the most important and why?
Answer: Answer will vary.
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Chapter 3: Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions
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Q1) Imposing some cost on others to reduce the value of the reversion outcome is known as:
A)coercion.
B)reversion.
C)linkage.
D)enforcement.
E)collaboration.
Answer: A
Q2) ________ interactions are the simplest kind of cooperation between actors.
A)Competitive
B)Zero-sum
C)Coordination
D)Positive-sum
E)Collaborative
Answer: C
Q3) Explain how access to information affects the probability of successful cooperation. Answer: Answer will vary.
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Chapter 4: Why Are There Wars
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Q1) How do commitment problems affect the likelihood that war will occur?
Answer: Answer will vary.
Q2) Why is it difficult to make a threat of attack seem credible to an opponent?
A)States rarely have the capability to actually attack another country.
B)The opponent can easily tell when the threatening state is bluffing.
C)Opponents have access to enough information about the other state to discredit its threats.
D)The threat of such a war can seem too costly to be a reasonable option.
E)The opponent may not realize how costly war can be.
Answer: D
Q3) What has made negotiations with North Korea over its WMD programs difficult?
A)The leadership of North Korea is irrational.
B)North Korea refuses to make any concessions.
C)Other states are generally not interested in North Korea,due to its poverty.
D)The demands made by other states have been unclear to North Korea.
E)North Korea is unwilling to lose the security that comes with nuclear weapons.
Answer: E
Q4) How does poor and incomplete information contribute to the likelihood of war?
Answer: Answer will vary.
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Chapter 5: Domestic Politics and War
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Q1) Which of the following statements best describes the possible constraints leaders face when considering whether to go to war?
A)Most leaders do not concern themselves with how many resources interest groups have.
B)A leader rarely has to worry about the interests of military officers,since they must be obedient to the chief executive.
C)Most leaders have to consider the response of the public when thinking of going to war.
D)A leader would never risk going to war just to improve the chances of reelection.
E)A leader's options improve when the amount of information given to the public is increased.
Q2) How does the Kargil War between India and Pakistan demonstrate the limitations of democratic peace theory?
Q3) Explain why a world full of democracies would not necessarily be a world without war.
Q4) Explain how the democratic peace theory encompasses institutions,interactions,and interests.
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Chapter 6: International Institutions and War
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Q1) What is the trade-off between the credibility of alliances and keeping control of alliance partners?
A)The more control an ally has in forcing compliance,the less credible the alliance is.
B)The more discretion an ally has in honoring the alliance,the less credibility the alliance has.
C)The greater the integrity of the alliance partners,the less control the alliance has over those allies.
D)The more standing the alliance has internationally,the more control the alliance has.
E)The more organized the alliance institutions are,the less faith the allies have in the alliance.
Q2) Why has NATO survived after the end of the Cold War?
Q3) Why do states join alliances? What are the risks and benefits for states joining an alliance?
Q4) How do collective security organizations promote peace? When are these organizations likely to succeed or fail?
Q5) What kinds of credibility and commitment problems do states have when they join alliances?
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Chapter 7: Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism
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Q1) What is an alternative to the contagion hypothesis for why civil wars tend to cluster regionally?
A)A rebellion in one country might inspire like-minded groups in neighboring states to engage in civil war.
B)Armed groups operating in one country might cross into a neighboring state and engage in violence there.
C)States finance domestic oppositions in their neighbors' territories.
D)Poor countries are likely to be located in similar regions of the world.
E)Civil wars cause refugees to spread across state boundaries and create conditions that facilitate the emergence of new civil wars.
Q2) While economic downturns typically weaken a state's position in bargaining,they are:
A)empowering in the long run.
B)likely to hurt the rebels just as much.
C)rare in countries experiencing civil war.
D)usually only temporary.
E)usually mitigated by international intervention.
Q3) Why do some grievances lead to civil war and others do not?
Q4) Why did the civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo last for so long?
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Chapter 8: International Trade
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Q1) Which of the following groups in the United States is most likely to have experienced stagnant or declining wages since the 1970s?
A)Workers in a chicken processing plant in Louisiana.
B)Workers doing computer coding in California's "Silicon Valley."
C)Film editors in Los Angeles.
D)Book editors in New York City.
E)Workers in a pharmacy in Minnesota.
Q2) What is most-favored-nation trading status?
A)When countries give each other the same trade concessions they give to all other countries.
B)When a country gives special trade privileges to a close ally.
C)When a country spares no expense to increase trade with another country.
D)When a country has the wealthiest and most developed economy.
E)When a country promotes trade with military allies.
Q3) Which of the following would be expected by the Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory?
A)A country with abundant fertile land exporting agricultural products.
B)A country with abundant capital importing manufactured goods.
C)A country with abundant fertile land importing agricultural goods.
D)A country with abundant labor exporting agricultural products.
E)A country with abundant capital exporting agricultural goods.
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Chapter 9: International Financial Relations
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Q1) Critics of this international institution refer to it as an international loan shark,because it lends to countries in their hour of greatest need but also attaches unpopular conditions as a requirement for receiving a loan.
A)World Bank.
B)World Trade Organization.
C)Bank for International Settlements.
D)International Monetary Fund.
E)United Nations.
Q2) What leverage over foreign direct investment,if any,does a developing country have over a multinational corporation?
Q3) The International Monetary Fund was created to:
A)avoid the dramatic decrease in trade that occurred during the Great Depression.
B)provide loans to developing countries during financial crises.
C)oversee investment in developing countries.
D)provide loan advice to lenders and borrowers.
E)manage the international monetary system.
Q4) How well does the Heckscher-Ohlin approach explain international immigration?
Q5) If international finance is beneficial,why is it controversial?
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Chapter 10: International Monetary Relations
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Q1) How are international monetary affairs "organized" in the absence of an international government?
Q2) What is the Bretton Woods System?
A)A monetary system in which the exchange rate of major currencies retained nearly the same value with respect to the U.S.dollar.
B)A monetary system in which the exchange rates of the major currencies remained fixed to gold.
C)A monetary system in which the exchange rate of the U.S.dollar was periodically adjusted in response to currency crises in its allies' economies.
D)A monetary system in which exchange rates were allowed to change according to their market prices.
E)An alliance system that was created to protect Western Europe from a Soviet invasion.
Q3) Compare and contrast two currency crises of the last 30 years.What lessons should governments draw from these instances?
Q4) When and why do governments agree on a particular monetary system?
Q5) Why do monetary interactions between governments sometimes resemble a Prisoner's Dilemma?
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Chapter 11: Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of
Nations
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Q1) We refer to countries that have lower levels of economic development as:
A)marginal countries.
B)less developed countries.
C)import-subsidizing countries.
D)export-oriented countries.
E)commodity cartels.
Q2) How has geography affected the economic development of poor countries?
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an example of infrastructure?
A)Businesses.
B)Roads.
C)Water supply.
D)Schools.
E)Railroads.
Q4) Which of the following would be a policy consistent with ISI?
A)Ghana attempts to reduce its dependence on imported oil by developing alternative energy sources.
B)Malaysia reduces regulations on its banks to encourage investment.
C)China keeps its currency undervalued to make Chinese exports cheaper.
D)Egypt refuses a loan from Bank of America.
E)Brazil places tariffs on cars made in the United States.
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Chapter 12: International Law and Norms
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Q1) Which factor would make states more likely to rely on informal enforcement mechanisms?
A)Large differences in size and power of states.
B)An agreement being related to economic issues.
C)Weak norms in the related issue area.
D)The lack of an active norm entrepreneur.
E)The presence of an international organization with a veto.
Q2) Most norms typically begin with ________ seeking to advance a new standard of behavior.
A)international organizations
B)norms entrepreneurs
C)norms violators
D)policy makers
E)norms cascades
Q3) Diplomatic immunity started as:
A)normal international law.
B)customary international law.
C)an international norm.
D)an international organization.
E)domestic law.
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Chapter 13: Human Rights
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Q1) What does it mean that "although all rights are equal,some rights are more equal than others"?
Q2) Which of the following is most likely to violate the human rights of its citizens?
A)A dictatorship led by a single dictator.
B)A single-party dictatorship.
C)A multiparty dictatorship.
D)A multiparty democracy.
E)A two-party democracy.
Q3) How have TANs affected the adoption of human rights norms?
Q4) All of the following are important ongoing innovations in international human rights EXCEPT:
A)bilateral negotiations.
B)individual petition.
C)transitional justice.
D)the International Criminal Court.
E)harnessing material interests.
Q5) Has human rights law been effective? What has helped it be effective and what has prevented it from being more effective?
Q6) When are states most likely to take action on human rights abuses?
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Chapter 14: The Global Environment
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Q1) Why has cooperation in restoring the ozone been more successful than efforts to address climate change?
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a privileged group with respect to resolving environmental problems?
A)The United States has an advantage with regard to global warming,because it has few low-lying areas.
B)Only a few countries wanted to continue killing whales for commercial purposes.
C)Landowners in the Amazon can also benefit from ecotourism if they preserve the rainforest to reduce global warming.
D)The United States,which produced a large portion of CFCs,pushed for a ban of CFCs.
E)The International Whaling Commission enacted a ban on commercial whaling.
Q3) What is a common pool resource?
A)A good that is nonexcludable but rival in consumption.
B)A cost or benefit for stakeholders other than the actor undertaking an action.
C)An effect created by the interaction between two states.
D)A good that is nonexcludable and nonrival in consumption.
E)An international agency that monitors compliance with regulations.
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Chapter 15: The Future of International Politics
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Q1) When are new international institutions likely to be formed?
Q2) What period marked a reverse in globalization?
A)The nineteenth century.
B)Pre-World War I.
C)The interwar period.
D)The Cold War.
E)The post-Cold War era.
Q3) History suggests that the most dangerous part of nuclear weapons is:
A)how tempted countries are to use them in times of war.
B)the timing of their deployment at the end of wars.
C)the unevenness with which they have spread through the international system.
D)the frequency with which they have been used in the past.
E)their tendency to encourage the development of dangerous nuclear energy sources.
Q4) How does the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty set standards of behavior and monitor compliance?
Q5) Why do environmentalists criticize globalization? Can economic globalization occur in an environmentally sound way? Why or why not?
Q6) How are terrorist groups likely to obtain nuclear weapons?
Q7) How and why is China's rising power likely to affect international relations?
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Chapter 16: Foundations, war, and Peace
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Q1) How can domestic interest groups influence the bargaining model of war?
A)Hawkish interest groups can increase the range of possible bargains for the state.
B)Dovish interest groups can increase the range of possible bargains for the state.
C)Bureaucracies can nullify the impact of the bargaining model.
D)Domestic ethnic groups can change a divisible good to an indivisible good.
E)Domestic interests do not calculate into the bargaining model of war.
Q2) Which military alliance persisted from the Cold War into the present?
A)The European Union.
B)The Warsaw Pact.
C)The North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
D)The League of Nations.
E)The Triple Alliance.
Q3) During the interwar period,globalization receded as protectionism became rampant.What events would make the globalization we are experiencing now reverse course? How likely is it for globalization to stop?
Q4) Explain how there is a credibility problem in states representing their interests,capabilities,and resolve in international relations.
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Chapter
Politics, and Looking Ahead
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Q1) If a country wants to increase its exports,what policies should it adopt? Consider trade protections,international institutions,and the other components of international political economy (finance,monetary policy)in your answer.
Q2) How are the financial crises of the 1990s and the 2000s similar?
A)The crises were primarily started in lesser-developed countries.
B)The crises were precipitated by runaway monetary policy when the governments continually devalued their currencies.
C)The major originators of the financial crises had borrowed beyond what became sustainable for their capacities.
D)Developed countries were the primary cause of both sets of crises.
E)Countries were able to overcome the collective action problem and collectively default on their loans.
Q3) What is the tension between development and the environment? Can development occur without causing environmental damage?
Q4) Would it be possible to eliminate all existing stockpiles of nuclear weapons? What kind of institution would it take to make this possible?
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