Gerontology Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the biological, psychological, and social processes associated with aging and the implications of an aging population. This course explores theories and research on aging, examines the complex changes individuals experience over the life course, and addresses societal responses to the needs and contributions of older adults. Topics include age-related health changes, cognitive and emotional developments, the impact of culture and policy on aging, and the challenges and opportunities presented by increasing longevity. Students will gain an understanding of the factors affecting quality of life in later years and the roles of professionals and caregivers in supporting aging individuals.
Recommended Textbook
Adult Development and Aging The Canadian Experience by Lori Harper
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13 Chapters
521 Verified Questions
521 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Issues to Consider in the Study of Adult Development
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr. Li is writing a research paper that she plans to submit to a journal published by the American Psychological Association. Dr. Li is describing a study she conducted where the participants were between the ages of 55 and 75. Which of the following terms should Dr. Li use to describe her participants?
A) senior citizens
B) elderly persons
C) older adults
D) baby boomers
Answer: C
Q2) In a population pyramid, what variable is represented on the y-axis?
A) age group
B) percent
C) fertility rate
D) life expectancy
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Designs and Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher compared the bone density of a group of 40-year-old women to a group of 65-year-old women and found a significant difference. This is an example of which type of effect?
A) age effect
B) cohort effect
C) time of measurement effect
D) cross-sectional effect
Answer: A
Q2) Dr. Archambault is conducting a longitudinal study with the hopes of determining whether hand-eye coordination is affected by aging. Dr. Archambault has his participants complete the same computer-based hand-eye coordination test every year for ten years. Which of the following may threaten the validity of Dr. Archambault's study?
A) age differences
B) age effects
C) practice effects
D) cohort effects
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Physical Changes Associated with Aging
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45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for the type of urinary incontinence Sandy experiences when she coughs or sneezes?
A) transient incontinence
B) stress urinary incontinence
C) urge incontinence
D) overflow incontinence
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is being affected for Farah as a result of her lens yellowing with age?
A) dark adaptation
B) ability to read small print
C) ability to see in bright light
D) colour perception
Answer: D
Q3) What is presbyopia?
A) male pattern baldness
B) age-related loss of elasticity in the eye lens
C) thickening of the skin
D) age-related hearing loss
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Cognitive Changes, Post-Formal Thought, and Wisdom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Veronica is 81 years old. She went to take a medication for her arthritis that was stored in her pill organizer and was surprised to see that she had already taken the pill. Based on research on older adults, what is the MOST likely cause of this memory failure?
A) a failure to sense
B) a failure to encode
C) a failure to store
D) a failure to retrieve
Q2) Edward is 80 years old and the people in his community consider him to be very wise and often seek his advice when faced with a wide range of problems. Edward is regarded as having which type of wisdom?
A) general wisdom
B) personal wisdom
C) reflective wisdom
D) cognitive wisdom
Q3) Discuss the results of research examining the effect of age on language use.
Q4) Describe changes in working memory with age and explain three different theoretical accounts of these changes.
Q5) Discuss incorrect and correct approaches to communicating with older people.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Longevity, Health, and Functioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) At present, which of the following infectious diseases is MOST likely to cause the death of an older adult?
A) diphtheria
B) influenza
C) tuberculosis
D) poliomyelitis
Q2) Which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to malnutrition in an older Canadian?
A) economic disadvantage
B) dietary restrictions
C) decreased appetite
D) medications
Q3) Which of the following is a criticism of Rowe and Kahn's model of successful aging?
A) few people will age without encountering disease
B) few people become centenarians
C) people tend to maintain cognitive abilities as they age
D) people live longer if they are isolated from other people
Q4) Identify and discuss two social factors that contribute to the self-perceived health of an older adult.
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Chapter 6: Mental Health and Mental Health Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Terry, an 81-year-old man, has started acting unusual and is experiencing auditory and visual hallucinations. Terry's son is very worried so he brings Terry to the emergency room. Describe the steps that medical staff should take to identify the source of Terry's hallucinations. In addition, identify the two most common causes of psychosis in older adults.
Q2) Which of the following is the MOST common mental disorder?
A) depression
B) anxiety
C) schizophrenia
D) Alzheimer's disease
Q3) Which of the following could have caused Ahmed's primary psychosis?
A) delirium
B) drugs, alcohol, or toxins
C) disease
D) dementia
Q4) Describe how rates of depression change with aging and identify four factors that the text suggests may contribute to this change.
Q5) Discuss preventive measures that could reduce suicide rates among older adults living in Canadian communities.
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Chapter 7: Neurocognitive Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What substance is the primary component of neurofibrillary tangles?
A) beta-secretase
B) amyloid precursor protein
C) tau protein
D) acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Q2) Leonard is 52 years old and has been incarcerated in Canada for 15 years. Leonard's physiology is MOST likely to resemble that of a non-incarcerated person who is what age?
A) 53 years old
B) 45 years old
C) 67 years old
D) 72 years old
Q3) Mary and John both have had Alzheimer's disease for the same length of time. Which of the following MOST likely describes Mary?
A) Mary is likely to be more aggressive than John.
B) Mary is likely to have more comorbid conditions than John.
C) Mary is likely to die sooner than John.
D) Mary is likely to have greater disability than John.
Q4) Compare and contrast the causes of early-onset and sporadic Alzheimer's disease
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Chapter 8: Canadas Ethnic Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wei, a computer engineer from China who speaks English, would like to immigrate to Canada. If given permission to immigrate to Canada, Wei would MOST likely be admitted under the which class?
A) economic
B) humanitarian
C) family
D) student
Q2) Which mental health disorder is more common among refugees than among people living in the country that the refugee emigrated from?
A) anxiety
B) depression
C) psychosis
D) mania
Q3) Approximately how many people immigrated to Canada each year in the 2000s?
A) 50 000
B) 100 000
C) 150 000
D) 250 000
Q4) Discuss factors that affect the living arrangements of older immigrants.
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Chapter 9: Aging and Personality Development
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Q1) Which of the following is contradicted by research findings that suggest MOST personality changes occur in young adulthood?
A) stage theory
B) the transactional model
C) the correspondence principle
D) the maturity principle
Q2) Research suggests that during middle age the biggest gender difference in Big Five personality traits relates to which of the following?
A) conscientiousness
B) openness to experience
C) neuroticism
D) agreeableness
Q3) Which of the following methods do most researchers use to determine if personality changes in age groups over time?
A) intra-individual change and mean-level change
B) mean-level change and rank-order consistency
C) rank-order consistency and factor analysis
D) factor analysis and intra-individual change
Q4) Provide a critique of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development.
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Chapter 10: Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between 1961 and 2011, which family structure saw the LARGEST increase?
A) lone-parent families
B) common-law couples
C) married couples
D) same-sex couples
Q2) The sandwich generation comprises people who care for which of the following?
A) their children and their parents
B) their children and their spouse
C) their spouse and their parents
D) their parents and themselves
Q3) Discuss how family structure influences health and well-being in older adults.
Q4) Which of the following BEST describes the cohabitation effect?
A) couples who live together before getting married are more likely to stay married
B) couples who live together are less likely to marry than other couples
C) couples who live together are more likely to marry than other couples
D) couples who live together before getting married are more likely to divorce
Q5) Discuss barriers to sexual activity among older adults who live in long-term care (LTC) facilities.
Q6) Discuss factors that may be contributing to increasing divorce rates.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Work, Retirement, and Leisure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between the years 1990 and 2014, what happened to the 0-14 dependency ratio and the 65+ dependency ratio, respectively?
A) decreased; decreased
B) decreased; increased
C) increased; decreased
D) increased; increased
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a passive leisure activity?
A) going to the movies
B) reading
C) socializing with friends
D) taking a pleasure drive
Q3) Ronaldo is a 76-year-old man. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true regarding Ronaldo's engagement in leisure activities?
A) he spends more time on passive than active leisure activities
B) he spends time only on passive leisure activities
C) he spends equal amounts of time on passive and active leisure activities
D) he spends more time on active than passive leisure activities
Q4) Discuss factors that affect whether or not someone who has retired will return to work.
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Chapter 12: Dying: Another Stage of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how complicated grief differs from normal grief.
Q2) In 1930, where was an individual MOST likely to die?
A) in a hospital
B) at home
C) in a hospice
D) in a long-term care facility
Q3) Which of the following BEST describes the uptake of Compassionate Care Benefits programs in Canada?
A) zero
B) low
C) moderate
D) high
Q4) All of the following are criteria for medical assistance in dying in Canada EXCEPT which one?
A) the person must be within three months of a natural death
B) the person must be 18 years old and capable of giving consent
C) the person must be eligible for federally funded health services
D) the person must give informed consent to receive medical assistance in dying
Q5) Discuss the ways that medical assistance in dying can occur in Canada and review the criteria for each option.
14
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Chapter 13: Living Arrangements of Older Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of structure do the majority of older adults live in?
A) single-detached home
B) semi-detached home
C) apartment (5+ storeys)
D) apartment (<5 storeys)
Q2) All of the following are examples of collective dwellings EXCEPT which one?
A) residence for senior citizens
B) private house
C) chronic-care facility
D) nursing home
Q3) Approximately what percentage of older adults live in collective dwellings?
A) 8%
B) 18%
C) 28%
D) 38%
Q4) Out of every ten older adult women, how many live as part of a couple?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
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