Gerontology Pre-Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the aging process and the challenges and opportunities associated with it. This course explores the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging, examining how individuals experience aging and how society responds to an increasingly older population. Students will learn about age-related changes in physical and mental health, social roles, public policy issues, and the impact of cultural attitudes toward aging. Through a combination of theoretical frameworks and practical case studies, the course prepares students to understand the complexities of aging and to apply this knowledge in fields such as healthcare, social work, policy, and community services.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Human Development 8th Edition by Carol
K. Sigelman
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17 Chapters
3442 Verified Questions
3442 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a structured observation a researcher creates a special condition designed to elicit some behavior of interest.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The question of how biological and environmental forces impact development is referred to as the _____ issue.
A) continuity-discontinuity
B) passive-active
C) nature-nurture
D) proximal-distal
Answer: C
Q3) _____ is the deterioration of organisms (including humans) that leads inevitably to their death.
Answer: Biological aging
Q4) _____ is considered the most famous baby biographer.
Answer: Darwin
Q5) The overall group from which a sample is drawn is called the _____. Answer: population
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Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best exemplifies the perspective held by most 21st century developmentalists?
A) Extreme black-and-white positions are in vogue.
B) Freudian ideas (especially those concerning the issues of child sexual fantasy) are more accepted than ever.
C) Learning approaches are effective at describing the development of thoughts but not effective at explaining the acquisition of behaviors.
D) Humans and their environments mutually interact to influence development.
Answer: D
Q2) In Watson and Raynor's study with Little Albert, a white rat served as a conditioned response.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) An important focus of systems theory is in understanding the behavior of individuals in their environment.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Genes, Environment, and Development
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199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Howdy has inherited a recessive gene that causes freckles and a dominant gene that prevents freckle formation. Despite this fact, Howdy's genetic makeup results in him having a few freckles. Howdy's freckles are best explained by the process of _____ dominance.
Answer: incomplete
Q2) If Huxley is ethically opposed to the creation of "designer babies" through DNA manipulation, he would likely be strongly opposed to A) maternal blood sampling.
B) chorionic villus sampling.
C) amniocentesis.
D) preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Answer: D
Q3) When a dominant gene is paired with a recessive gene, the characteristic associated with the dominant gene will be A) repressed.
B) absent.
C) expressed.
D) dominated.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since China instituted its "one-child policy,"
A) its population has dramatically increased.
B) the ratio of male to female births has tipped dramatically in favor of males.
C) more midwives have gotten involved in birthing.
D) the incidence of maternal depression has increased significantly.
Q2) Thalidomide typically causes babies to be born deaf and intellectually disabled. A)True B)False
Q3) What advice regarding prenatal care would you give to a woman who has just found out that she is pregnant?
Q4) The sexually transmitted disease _____ can cause fetal blindness, deafness, and brain damage but can often be treated with penicillin.
Q5) Lexie is accurately described as a "doula." This means that Lexie A) was exposed to German measles when she was a fetus. B) assists women while they are giving birth. C) has used artificial insemination to become pregnant. D) can read but is mute (cannot talk).
Q6) The morning sickness drug _____ was found to cause children to be born with missing limbs and deformed eyes and ears.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Body, Brain, Health
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208 Verified Questions
208 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to brain lateralization, a majority of people
A) rely primarily on the left hemisphere of the brain to carry out language activities.
B) rely primarily on the left hemisphere of the brain for spatial perception and listening to music.
C) rely on the left hemisphere for both language and spatial perception.
D) rely on the right hemisphere for both language and spatial perception.
Q2) Nick has just experienced semenarche. Jessica has just experienced menarche. Which statement is most likely true?
A) Nick and Jessica are now fully capable of producing a child.
B) Nick is currently capable of producing a child, but Jessica is not.
C) Jessica is currently capable of producing a child, but Nick is not.
D) Neither Nick nor Jessica is fully capable of producing a child.
Q3) Compare and contrast the major theories of aging.
Q4) Male is to female as
A) adrenal gland is to androgen.
B) estrogen is to testosterone.
C) testosterone is to androgens.
D) testosterone is to estrogen.
Q5) Eye-blinking and sucking are examples of _____ reflexes.
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Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement would indicate that Tory is an intuitive theorist?
A) Infants seem to perceive the world in a very adult-like manner.
B) Infants are like blank pieces of paper that need to be written on in order to change.
C) Infants have unconscious, survival-based reflexes.
D) Infants appear to think but do not know.
Q2) Newborns will produce certain facial expressions depending on the taste of the liquid that they are offered. They smile when offered sugar water and frown when offered quinine. This demonstrates that newborns
A) prefer salty tastes to sour ones.
B) inherit their mother's taste preferences.
C) can discriminate between various tastes.
D) learn to avoid substances that might contain poison.
Q3) Human infants prefer "top-heavy" patterns, including human faces. What makes a human face top-heavy?
A) The large color contrast between the skin, teeth, and eyes
B) The contrast between the size of the mouth and nose
C) The eyes, hair, and upper part of the ear
D) The fact that mommy's head is significantly larger than another infant's head
Q4) Discuss any four age-related visual problems/disorders found in adults.
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Chapter 7: Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget used the term _____ to describe the process by which we interpret new experiences in terms of existing schemas.
Q2) Elkind suggested that adolescent egocentrism is due to increased
A) self-consciousness.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-efficacy.
D) self-confidence.
Q3) Perry's (1970) research with cognitive development in college students found that many students tended to be _____ in their thought when they first started college and grow to be _____ thinkers by the end of their college careers.
A) formal; concrete
B) absolutist; relativistic
C) nonegocentric; egocentric
D) decontextualized; contextualized
Q4) Vygotsky referred to speech that directs one's thought as _____ speech.
Q5) Describe how the organization, adaptation, assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration contribute to the development of intellect.
Q6) Most 10-year-olds would be in Piaget's _____ operations stage of development.
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Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
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206 Verified Questions
206 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The portion of your information-processing system that plans and monitors what you do is referred to as the _____ control processor.
Q2) In the information-processing approach, hardware is to software as A) the nervous system is to the skills used to retrieve information. B) memory is to the brain. C) feelings are to thoughts. D) perception is to sensation.
Q3) Most people find that test questions requiring _____ memory are easier to answer than those requiring _____ memory.
A) recall; recognition B) cued-recall; recognition C) recognition; recall D) recall; cued-recall
Q4) The process of getting information into the memory system is called _____.
Q5) When an infant repeats a novel act that it has seen earlier in the day, it is displaying _____ imitation.
Q6) Children who cannot benefit from a strategy, even when taught it, are best classified as having a(n) _____ deficiency.
Q7) What factors contribute to expertise in adulthood?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sternberg has recently begun to focus on the aspect of intellect that allows someone to succeed in life using the term _____ intelligence.
Q2) Which type of test is most apt to put an older adult at a disadvantage?
A) Test of general knowledge
B) "Speeded" (timed) test
C) Vocabulary test
D) Test on arithmetic operations
Q3) Studies on _____ have shown that being in an impoverished environment has a direct impact on brain development.
A) rats
B) infants
C) toddlers with Down syndrome
D) older adults
Q4) Searching for a hidden toy is part of the assessment of _____ scale on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development.
A) behavioral-rating
B) motor
C) physiological
D) mental
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Chapter 10: Language and Education
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206 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Six-week-old Beck is lying in his crib and making a melodic sound that might be described as an "ooooh." Beck is best thought of as currently
A) babbling.
B) using pragmatics.
C) cooing.
D) holophrasing.
Q2) Reasons for declining achievement motivation during adolescence include all of the following EXCEPT
A) great stability in physical development.
B) poor person-environment fit.
C) increasingly negative feedback from teachers regarding ability.
D) increased importance of peer acceptance.
Q3) _____ bootstrapping occurs when an individual uses the cue of word placement within a sentence to help determine the meaning of the word.
Q4) A "babble" is best defined as a _____ sound.
A) vowel-like
B) consonant-plus-vowel
C) meaningful
D) crying
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Chapter 11: Self and Personality
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210 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children who are behaviorally inhibited are
A) high in extraversion and openness to new experience.
B) low in emotionality and extraversion.
C) high in neuroticism and low in extraversion.
D) low in sociability and neuroticism.
Q2) People in _____ cultures define themselves in terms of group membership and place great emphasis on group goals.
Q3) In Thomas and Chess's longitudinal study of temperament, the largest percent of infants were
A) classified as easy.
B) classified as difficult.
C) classified as slow-to-warm-up.
D) unclassifiable.
Q4) The tendency to actively approach a new situation in a positive way is referred to as A) surgency.
B) negative affectivity.
C) behavioral inhibition.
D) neuroticism.
Q5) Levinson is best associated with his belief in a(n) _____ crisis.
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Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spanky, Alfalfa, and the rest of the boys in the first-grade class have decided that from now on, boys will only play with boys and never with girls. This decision provides a nice example of the concept of
A) gender stereotyping.
B) gender typing.
C) gender segregation.
D) gender stability.
Q2) What is the typical developmental pattern of sexual behavior from adolescence through old age?
Q3) In the United States, the double standard is on the decline.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Being raised by a gay parent significantly increases the likelihood of a child becoming gay.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Agency is a feminine gender orientation that emphasizes connectedness to others.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The initial awareness that you are a boy or a girl is defined as gender _____.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
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211 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Haidt's evolutionary theory, humans have evolved as a species in which
A) quick moral intuitions are common and critical.
B) females are better at suppressing amoral tendencies than males.
C) moral decision-making is based solely on situational context.
D) most moral decision-making involves long, deliberative reasoning.
Q2) Which theoretical perspective tends to focus the most attention on the development of moral reasoning?
A) Psychoanalytic
B) Social learning
C) Classical conditioning
D) Cognitive developmental
Q3) In summarizing the best parenting approach for fostering moral growth in children, Hoffman (2000) suggests a "blend of _____."
A) no inductions, some power assertions, and over-the-top affection
B) half power assertion and half affection
C) half inductions and half power assertions
D) frequent inductions, occasional power assertions, and a lot of affection
Q4) _____ is defined as vicariously experiencing the feelings of another person.
Q5) According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is characterized by _____ thought.
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Chapter 14: Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT associated with "popularity" in childhood?
A) Being physically attractive
B) Being intelligent
C) Being socially competent
D) Being unassertive
Q2) Which statement is FALSE?
A) For older individuals, "old friends are the best friends."
B) The quality of an adult's social relationships is closely related to a sense of well-being.
C) Older people are relatively unconcerned with equity issues in friendships.
D) For most married people, spouses are the most important confidant.
Q3) A sensitive parent can do _____ to convert a "difficult" baby into an infant who can regulate emotions and who is socially competent.
A) nothing
B) a little
C) a fair amount
D) a lot
Q4) How do Bowlby and Ainsworth integrate psychoanalytic, cognitive, and ethological concepts into their theory of attachment?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) The highest risk for divorce occurs in couples who
A) postponed having children for five or more years following marriage.
B) are young and have been married for about seven years.
C) married in their mid 30s.
D) never had children.
Q2) Explanations on socioeconomic differences in parenting have focused on all of the following EXCEPT
A) genetic differences.
B) stresses associated with being poor.
C) fewer resources to invest in their children.
D) heavy reliance on an authoritative parenting style.
Q3) Which grandparenting style was created in a large part by the increasing geographical difference between grandparents and grandchildren?
A) Remote
B) Companionate
C) Involved
D) Permissive
Q4) _____ is defined as the ability to make independent decisions and to manage one's life without being overly dependent on others.
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Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children who have a depressive disorder
A) differ from adolescents and adults with depression, because children never attempt suicide while the older age groups often do.
B) are easy to identify because they frequently talk about their negative feelings. C) often have problems with depression as adolescents and adults. D) seldom respond well to any form of psychotherapy.
Q2) Why is depression difficult to diagnose in older adults?
A) Many of the diagnostic symptoms are similar to normal losses associated with aging. B) Normal cognitive loss associated with aging makes it hard for older people to answer questions about their mental state.
C) There are no diagnostic criteria for diagnosing depression in the elderly. D) As nearly all older depressed individuals commit suicide, there are few depressed individuals left to diagnose.
Q3) How does the diathesis-stress model account for psychopathology?
Q4) Babies can and do experience depression-like states and symptoms. A)True B)False
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18
Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a typical seven-year-old, Masterson has likely understands the basics of every death concept EXCEPT
A) finality.
B) irreversibility.
C) continuing bonds.
D) biological causality.
Q2) A major difference between hospice care and hospital care for dying individuals is that
A) pain control is emphasized more in the hospital setting.
B) prolonging life is emphasized more in the hospice care setting.
C) the presence of family members is more strongly encouraged in the hospital setting.
D) a more homelike setting of care is emphasized in the hospice care setting.
Q3) Research has shown that when compared to those in conventional hospital care, dying individuals in hospices tend to
A) have far fewer visitors.
B) spend more time in pain.
C) undergo fewer medical procedures.
D) receive less medical care aimed at their emotional needs.
Q4) How does the understanding of death change between infancy and adolescence?
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