Gerontology Pre-Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the aging process and the complex issues facing older adults. This course examines the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging, exploring theories of aging, the challenges of age-related diseases, and the impact of aging on families and society. Students will gain an understanding of the diverse experiences of older populations, policy considerations, and available community resources, with an emphasis on promoting healthy aging and enhancing the quality of life for older adults.
Recommended Textbook Development Across the Life Span 8th Edition by
Robert S. Feldman
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19 Chapters
2401 Verified Questions
2401 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Lifespan Development
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216 Verified Questions
216 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Classical conditioning is the only type of learning derived from the behavioral perspective.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences,and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli is necessary for development to proceed normally,is called
A)discontinuous change.
B)continuous change.
C)critical period.
D)natural change.
Answer: C
Q3) Different cultures and subcultures have their own views of appropriate and inappropriate childrearing,just as they have different developmental goals for their children.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Start of Life: Prenatal Development
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eric has blue eyes.Since the gene for blue eyes is recessive,Eric must be ______ for that trait.
A)a genotype
B)homozygous
C)a phenotype
D)heterozygous
Answer: B
Q2) Along with schizophrenia,all of the psychological disorders below have been shown to be related,at least in part,to genetic factors.Which of the following disorders is likely to have a genetic factor,according to the text?
A)gender dysphoria
B)anorexia nervosa
C)attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D)anxiety
Answer: C
Q3) It is clear that the father's sperm does not determine the sex of the child.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Infant
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the protein called corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)reaches a high enough concentration,the mother's uterus begins periodic contractions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) When a premature infant with a low birthweight is placed in an incubator,oxygen is carefully monitored because too _____ of a concentration of oxygen _____.
A)high;can damage the baby's retinas,leading to permanent blindness
B)low;can damage the baby's retinas,leading to permanent blindness
C)low;can prove to be fatal for the baby
D)high;can prove to be fatal for the baby
Answer: A
Q3) Infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception are called
A)low birthweight.
B)small for gestational age.
C)preterm.
D)very low birthweight.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Without proper nutrition,infants cannot reach their physical and cognitive potential.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The average performance of a large sample of children of a given age is called
A)standard.
B)median.
C)typical.
D)norm.
Q3) What is the term for unlearned,unorganized,involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?
A)autostimulation
B)reflexes
C)rhythms
D)cycles
Q4) The multimodal approach to perception is a well-established and long-standing approach to studying how infants understand their sensory world.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for a theory that language acquisition follows the basic laws of reinforcement and conditioning?
A)nativist approach
B)learning theory approach
C)universal grammar
D)infant-directed speech
Q2) What is the term for a style of language use in which language is used primarily to label objects?
A)holographic
B)underextension
C)referential
D)overextension
Q3) What term refers to the degree to which an activity requires attention?
A)automatization
B)encoding
C)information processing
D)retrieval
Q4) Briefly discuss criticisms,if any,of Piaget's theories.
Q5) Briefly describe how the information processing approach is analogous to a computer.
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Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Thomas and Chess,who carried out a large-scale study of infants in the New York Longitudinal Study,what percentage of children were found to be "easy babies"?
A)40%
B)50%
C)25%
D)35%
Q2) Manuel and Sarah keep a daily log of the times that their baby eats,sleeps,remains awake,and even the baby's excretions.They are keeping track of the baby's
A)threshold of responsiveness.
B)rhythmicity.
C)activity level.
D)adaptability.
Q3) Research has shown that human attachment is not as culturally universal as Bowlby predicted.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in the
Preschool Years
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the process in which certain cognitive functions are located more in one hemisphere of the brain than in the other?
A)cross-referencing
B)lateralization
C)hemispheric transference
D)transmission
Q2) What is the term for body weight that is more than 20% higher than the average weight for a person of a given age and height?
A)overweight
B)underweight
C)malnutrition
D)obesity
Q3) What area of the brain that is associated with memory is completely myelinated in the preschool years?
A)corpus callosum
B)hippocampus
C)cerebral cortex
D)cerebellum
Q4) Briefly describe criticism of Vygotsky's theories.
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Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in the
Preschool Years
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that ethnic identity emerges in children at the same time that racial identity emerges.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The words "gender" and "sex" mean the same thing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Preschool-age children rarely exhibit aggression.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the term for the ability to overcome circumstances that place a child at high risk for psychological or physical change?
A)psychological maltreatment
B)cycle of violence hypothesis
C)resilience
D)character
Q5) Briefly explain the results of Bandura's social learning experiment with aggression and the Bobo doll.
Q6) Briefly give some reasons why parents physically abuse children.
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term that refers to the period of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age,which is characterized by the active and appropriate use of logic?
A)concrete operational
B)decentering
C)abstract operational
D)preoperational
Q2) Some developmentalists suggest that two kinds of intelligence exist.What is the term for the accumulation of information,skills,and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations?
A)triarchic theory of intelligence
B)fluid intelligence
C)crystallized intelligence
D)intellectual quotient
Q3) Briefly explain the treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)and the controversies surrounding them.
Q4) The only cause of obesity is diet.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Despite frequent attempts,it is impossible to teach social competence to unpopular children.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A good deal of research supports the notion that contact between majority and minority groups can reduce prejudice and discrimination.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the term that means the use of strategies for solving social conflicts in ways that are satisfactory both to oneself and to others?
A)social problem solving
B)status
C)social competence
D)conflict resolution
Q4) Middle-school-age girls typically have larger networks of friends than boys.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly explain the major points regarding psychologist Carol Gilligan's moral development for girls.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because independent measures of achievement,such as SAT scores,have not risen in the past decade,but overall grades in school have risen over the past decade,the most likely explanation for this is
A)student performance in school has changed for the better,and the students are demonstrating more achievement.
B)student performance in school has changed for the better because they are cheating more on tests.
C)instructors have become more lenient,awarding higher grades for the same performance,known as "grade inflation."
D)independent measures of achievement,such as the SAT,are harder tests than they used to be a decade ago.
Q2) During the teenage years,the average girl requires ________ calories a day,and the average boy requires ________.
A)1,200;2,000
B)2,200;2,800
C)2,000;2,500
D)1,500;2,000
Q3) Briefly describe some criticisms of Piaget's approach to cognitive development.
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Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adolescent membership in particular cliques and crowds is often determined by
A)how geographically close the adolescents reside to one another.
B)the gender of the adolescents.
C)the degree of similarity with members of the group.
D)the socioeconomic group.
Q2) Stereotypes regarding expectations of male adolescent behavior(s)are far less damaging to boys than stereotypical expectations for girls.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What term relates to the object of one's sexual interest?
A)homosexuality
B)sexual orientation
C)heterosexuality
D)gender identity
Q4) Children and adolescents who are uniformly disliked are called
A)controversial.
B)popular.
C)rejected.
D)neglected.
Q5) Briefly explain some criticism of Erikson's 8-stage theory of development.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Schaie,what is the mission of young adulthood?
A)responsibility
B)acquisition
C)achievement
D)reintegration
Q2) If a student assesses the situation to determine how much time it will take to adequately study for the upcoming exam,this is an example of
A)academic review.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)primary appraisal.
D)time-management skills.
Q3) Skills that underlie the accurate assessment,evaluation,expression,and regulation of feelings are referred to as
A)emotional intelligence.
B)practical intelligence.
C)accurate intelligence.
D)virtual intelligence.
Q4) Briefly explain some strategies for coping with stress.
Page 15
Q5) Briefly explain Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Zulu women rate emotional stability as the most important characteristic when considering marriage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research suggests that children raised in households in which parents are homosexual
A)show no differences in eventual adjustment.
B)show significant differences in adjustment.
C)show adjustment differences in school.
D)show adjustment differences in socialization.
Q3) According to psychologist George Vaillant's longitudinal research study of male Harvard graduates,which of the following usually occurs when a man is in his late 20s and early 30s?
A)he gets married
B)he puts off having children
C)he focuses on his social life
D)he fulfills obligations to his parents
Q4) Everyone's social clock is culturally determined.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best explanation why some middle-age people have some long-term memory loss?
A)Middle-aged people have too much information stored;therefore,it is difficult to keep it all in long-term memory.
B)Middle-aged people have too much stress in their lives,which impedes their ability to use their long-term memory capacity.
C)Middle-aged people have less efficient retrieval skills for finding and retrieving information,even if the information was adequately stored in long-term memory.
D)Middle-aged people's learning genes begin to deteriorate,which leads to long-term memory loss.
Q2) Joan is 45 years old and feels hot.She gets red,begins to sweat,and then she feels chills.The symptom Joan is experiencing is
A)"hot flashes."
B)perimenopause.
C)menopause.
D)climacteric.
Q3) Briefly explain what mnemonics are and how they can be used to improve memory.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Companionate" grandparents usually are which of the following?
A)They take full responsibility for their grandchildren.
B)They rarely call or visit their grandchildren,and rarely take them on vacation without the parents.
C)They act as supporters and buddies to their grandchildren.
D)They hold clear expectations about the way their grandchildren should behave.
Q2) What approach to personality development is based on fairly universal stages tied to a sequence of age-related crises?
A)midlife crisis
B)life events models
C)normative-crisis models
D)generativity-versus-stagnation stage
Q3) Which of the following may be contributing factors to why a higher percentage of second marriages end in divorce?
A)Second marriages may be subject to higher stress (such as blending two families)than first marriages.
B)There is more equitable sharing of household chores.
C)Partners in second marriages are more cautious.
D)The empty nest syndrome.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the terminology that demographers use,the age range of 65-74 is called
A)old old.
B)young old.
C)geriatric.
D)oldest old.
Q2) Which of the following is the definition of "young old"?
A)some health problems and difficulties with daily living activities
B)healthy and active
C)frail and in need of care
D)senior citizen
Q3) The elderly population shows a higher percentage of psychological disorders than young adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Over three-fourths of the aged are healthy enough to carry out their normal activities.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
Q5) Briefly explain ageism and how it operates in society.
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Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A life review is a common theme for most personality theorists focusing on late adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The majority of people who are still married in late adulthood report that they are satisfied with their marriages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Camille is becoming extremely fearful of becoming ill as she ages.According to Bernice Neugarten,Camille is a(n)
A)integrated personality.
B)defended personality.
C)disintegrated and disorganized personality.
D)passive-dependent personality.
Q4) According to Bernice Neugarten's research,integrated personalities are often found in nursing homes.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
Q5) Briefly describe the ways in which culture shapes the view of late adulthood.
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Chapter 19: Death and Dying
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children younger than age 5 may think that death is a temporary reduction in living,such as sleeping.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Kübler-Ross,dying people who are in the bargaining process stage always keep their promises.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What percent of people who die in the United States each year die in hospitals?
A)75%
B)25%
C)50%
D)30%
Q4) All cultures in the world express bereavement and grieving in the same way.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The method medical experts prefer as a means of determining death is assessing brain function.
A)True
B)False
Page 21
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