Gerontology Exam
Materials
Course Introduction
Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the aging process and the challenges and opportunities associated with growing older. This course explores biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging, examining how aging impacts individuals, families, and society. Students will learn about the theories of aging, age-related diseases and conditions, health care policies, and the roles of caregivers and social support systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding the diversity of aging experiences, current research trends in gerontology, and strategies to promote healthy aging and improve the quality of life for older adults.
Recommended Textbook
Aging the Individual and Society 9th Edition by Susan M. Hillier
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15 Chapters
970 Verified Questions
970 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Aging in America
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A country with zero-population growth will eventually have a population pyramid that
A) is box-like.
B) has a small base and large top.
C) has a large base and small top.
D) has a large middle but small base and top.
Answer: A
Q2) The state with the highest proportion of over-65 elders in the nation is A) California.
B) Florida.
C) Arizona.
D) Maine.
Answer: B
Q3) Sweden and Japan have virtually achieved zero population growth.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Stereotypes and Images
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of older adults are senile.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Selective perception means
A) that to understand aging, we need to select the pertinent facts.
B) we see what we expect to see and selectively ignore what we do not expect.
C) we all have optical illusions that increase as we age.
D) as we age, we tend to select activities that are pleasant and ignore those that are not.
Answer: B
Q3) Research about self-concepts of the elderly show
A) elders adjust best if they realize that they are not the same person they were in earlier life.
B) self-esteem inevitably declines as one's body ages.
C) identity development is based more on chronological time than particular events.
D) elders are less likely to identify as old if they identify as being who they have always been.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Social and Psychological Theories in Later Life Development
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68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the concept of "gender splitting."
Answer: Gender splitting refers to the societal practice of dividing activities, behaviors, and characteristics into categories that are considered either masculine or feminine. This can lead to the reinforcement of traditional gender roles and stereotypes, as well as the marginalization of individuals who do not conform to these expectations. For example, certain jobs or hobbies may be seen as more suitable for one gender over the other, and individuals who do not adhere to these norms may face discrimination or social pressure. Gender splitting can also contribute to the perpetuation of inequality and the limitation of opportunities for individuals based on their gender. It is important to challenge and deconstruct these binary notions of gender in order to create a more inclusive and equitable society.
Q2) For young adults who are part of cultural minorities,acculturation is association with all of the following EXCEPT
A) helping them assimilate into the economic system of society.
B) fostering their sense of self over the life course.
C) feeling a need to abandon their cultural identity.
D) disruption of their relationships with parents and grandparents.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Physical Health and Well Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies of caloric restriction and longevity in animals show that
A) with caloric restriction, diseases are not reduced but longevity is still enhanced.
B) with caloric restriction animals live longer and have a lower incidence of heart disease and cancer.
C) only obese animals show increase of disease and shortened life spans.
D) animals that followed their usual diets live longer than those with lower or higher caloric intake.
Q2) Which of the following statements more accurately depicts health status of older Americans today?
A) The majority over the age of 65 are in poor health.
B) The health status of the 65-year-old is much worse than that of the 45-year old.
C) Those over age 75 have noticeable physical declines compared with middle-age.
D) Health suddenly begins to decline at age 65.
Q3) A recent study of elders with cancer showed cancer substantially reduced their physical function.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Mental Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) A lack of awareness of oneself or one's surroundings is called
A) bipolar disorder.
B) delirium.
C) dementia.
D) affective disorder.
Q2) Working memory refers to
A) registering sensory information.
B) remembering the details of everyday life.
C) processing of sensory stimuli to give meaning and transfer to long term storage.
D) stored facts and words learned in the past.
Q3) Memory starts out as a thought of recall.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sensory threshold is the minimum intensity of a stimuli required for a person to perceive it.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define functional disorders.
Q6) Describe the ways in which intelligence changes with age.
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Chapter 6: Friends,family,and Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) What factors reduce social bonds of the elderly and what can be done to increase these bonds?
Q2) In elderly women's friendship networks,
A) the essential elements of friendship-understanding, affection, trust, and acceptance-endure over time.
B) companions are confidants.
C) women's interactions with friends stay about the same over time.
D) the instrumental domain of friendships in later life dominates.
Q3) A "convoy" is
A) a social-work and health-care support system offered by a community.
B) a network of supportive family and friends.
C) one's set of neighborhood acquaintances.
D) the total sum of intimate friends over the life span.
Q4) Most senior centers operate under
A) the local government.
B) churches and unions.
C) private owners.
D) upper-class patrons.
Q5) Why are women the keepers of elders' social networks?
Q6) Explain the differences in social organizations and senior centers.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Intimacy and Sexuality
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the over 65 population in the U.S.,_______ are married and live with a spouse.
A) one-fourth
B) almost one-third
C) just under half
D) just above two-thirds
Q2) At any age which health problems interfere with sexual function?
A) colds and depression
B) diabetes, alcoholism, and anxiety
C) knee and hip replacements
D) arthritis
Q3) From his classic and landmark studies of sexuality,Kinsey concluded that A) until about age 80, sexual desires increase.
B) rate of sexual activity gradually declines with age.
C) sexual activity for married couples peaks about age 40 then progressively declines.
D) sexual desire was unrelated to age.
Q4) How does sexuality of men and women change with aging according to the research reported in your text?
Q5) Why is the sexuality of older people largely invisible?
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Chapter 8: Work and Leisure
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Sample Questions
Q1) What evidence suggests age discrimination exists in the U.S.workplace? Give specific examples of kinds of discrimination that exists. Why do employers discriminate against older workers?
Q2) Social Security changes are encouraging people to extend their work lives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a Supreme Court decision regarding the retirement plan of the Lockheed corporation,the court introduced the concept of "retirement sham"
A) which refers to early retirement plans that are instituted as a way of downsizing to avoid layoffs.
B) which means if early retirement benefits are purely a sham, the court can determine a company's assets were misused.
C) and specified the particular conditions of how egregious a plan must be to be considered a sham.
D) which demonstrated the likelihood that court rulings will favor people who seek redress for unfair requirements of early retirement programs.
Q4) What factors affect adjustment to and satisfaction with retirement?
Q5) What factors are contributing to the trend of early retirement?
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Chapter 9: Finances and Lifestyles
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Sample Questions
Q1) An SRO hotel is a
A) cheap, single-room occupancy hotel, apartment building, or rooming house.
B) government subsidized housing facility for people in poverty.
C) motel or hotel that offers kitchenettes and laundry facilities.
D) temporary shelter for the homeless offered by city missions.
Q2) In a provider-sponsored organization (PSO)
A) Medicare pays only when the organization submits an eligible Medicare expense of a member.
B) Medicare pays the health plan a monthly fee for each recipient.
C) all unused Medicare money is returned to Medicare at the end of the year.
D) the government directly administers health care to Medicare patients.
Q3) Why do some workers,after a lifetime of labor,have no pension or inadequate pensions in their later years?
Q4) All of the following are changes that have been made to help restore the fiscal health of the Social Security system EXCEPT
A) Social Security tax rates have increased.
B) The earliest eligibility age (for early retirees) has been increased.
C) The percent reduction for early retirees has been increased.
D) The eligibility age for full benefits has been gradually increased.
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Chapter 10: Living Environments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is LEAST likely to characterize continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs)?
A) They require no entry fee.
B) They require at least a year long contract.
C) Monthly fees range from $500 to $5,000.
D) The member is provided with housing, health care, social activities, and meals.
Q2) Studies of homeless elderly have found all of the following EXCEPT
A) homeless shelters tend to boost the self-esteem of the homeless elders they take in.
B) many homeless people have a lifelong pattern of being asocial loners.
C) many homeless men and women suffer mental health problems.
D) the homeless have limited social skills and frail mental health.
Q3) Profits in nursing homes through padding the bills is possible on the reimbursement plan called
A) flat rate.
B) per diem.
C) cost plus.
D) reverse mortgage.
Q4) Explain the pros and cons of age-segregated housing for elders.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Oldest Old and Caregiving
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Sample Questions
Q1) What problems confront elders who are caregivers to adult children and grandchildren?
Q2) Why is parental caregiving so difficult for middle-age daughters?
Q3) Which of the following activities is included in the Activities of Daily Living Index (ADL)?
A) bathing
B) preparing meals
C) using the telephone without help
D) doing own housework
Q4) When asked the question,"If an old man has a medical bill of $1,000 that he cannot pay,his son or daughter is morally obligated to pay the debt," older generations were more likely to agree than younger generations.
A)True
B)False
Q5) . The fastest growing segment of the long-term care industry is home health care workers.
A)True B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Special Problems
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57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a sign of possible abuse of an elder?
A) abrupt changes in physical appearance
B) extreme fear or asking to die
C) deteriorated living quarters
D) All of these choices
Q2) In the 9-year study of 2,800 elders,all of the following characteristics of the elderly were predictors of elder abuse EXCEPT
A) poverty.
B) gender.
C) race.
D) cognitive impairment.
Q3) In which region of the U.S.is the suicide rate of people over 65 the greatest?
A) Northeast
B) South
C) Midwest
D) West
Q4) The elderly are more at risk of abuse in their own homes than in institutional settings.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Women and Ethnic Groups
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70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women earn less than men and therefore have less to invest.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The National Indian Council on Aging is located in New Mexico to assist older Indian adults.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ethnic minorities are distinguished from other ethnic groups by
A) a culture and internalized heritage not shared by outsiders.
B) social status.
C) unequal treatment due to their physical or cultural characteristics.
D) the composition and function of support systems.
Q4) Asian women living in New Jersey lead the nation in longevity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does the double standard of aging affect women?
Q6) The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 made the Chinese immigrants illegals.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What could be done to upgrade the financial status of older women?
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Chapter 14: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Death with dignity"
A) refers to the right to choose one's manner of death.
B) is best achieved by actively engaging life up until the moment of death.
C) may communicate to individuals certain expectations for their behavior as they die.
D) is best achieved in an institutional setting where professionals can attend to the dying person's needs.
Q2) Complicated grief reactions may
A) reflect feelings of ambivalence toward the deceased person.
B) express themselves in masked reactions, such as headaches, insomnia, and pain.
C) be caused by the circumstances of death.
D) trigger grief over old losses that had been repressed.
E) All of these choices
Q3) Kübler-Ross stages of dying include all of the following EXCEPT
A) denial.
B) anger.
C) self-hatred.
D) acceptance.
Q4) How do reminiscence and a life review help elderly cope with dying?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Politics, policies, and Programs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term "gerontocracy" means
A) death to the old.
B) rule by the old.
C) retirement by the old.
D) wealth of the old.
Q2) Which of the following organizations funds eight special-interest groups,including the National Center on Rural Aging,the National Institute on Adult Day Care,and the National Institute of Senior Housing?
A) American Association for Retired Persons
B) National Council of Senior Citizens
C) National Council on the Aging
D) National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Welfare
Q3) The Townsend Plan was significant because it
A) was a means-tested system to provided the poor with monetary assistance.
B) was the forerunner of Food Stamps.
C) established the Job Corps, which provided training and employment for unemployed adults.
D) provided the model for a later program of old-age assistance.
Q4) Explain both sides of the generational equity debate.Where do you stand?
Q5) Describe the Foster Grandparents Program and who funds it.
Page 17
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