Gerontology
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the aging process and the challenges and opportunities associated with growing older. This course explores the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging, examining how individuals and societies adapt to increasing life expectancy. Students will learn about age-related changes in health, cognition, and social roles, as well as issues such as elder care, policy, and the influence of culture on aging. By integrating theory, research, and real-world examples, the course prepares students to better understand and contribute to the wellbeing of older adults in diverse contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Development Across the Life Span 8th Edition by Robert S. Feldman
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19 Chapters
2401 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Lifespan Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The latency stage spans the majority of time children spend in elementary school.This stage is characterized by
A)a lack of concerns related to sexuality.
B)an increased concern about sexuality.
C)an aversion to super-ego development.
D)increased aggression toward the same-sex parent.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of Bronfenbrenner's five levels represents broader influences,including societal institutions such as local government,community,schools,places of worship,and the local media?
A)microsystem
B)macrosystem
C)mesosystem
D)exosystem
Answer: D
Q3) Briefly explain the first level of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach.
Answer: The first level of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach is the microsystem,which includes the home,caregivers,friends,and teachers who all influence the child's microsystem.
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Chapter 2: The Start of Life: Prenatal Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which procedure uses very high frequency sound waves to detect structural abnormalities or multiple pregnancies,measure fetal growth,judge gestational age,and evaluate uterine abnormalities?
A)ultrasound sonography
B)sonoembryology
C)embryoscopy
D)sonogram
Answer: A
Q2) What is the basic unit of genetic information?
A)zygote
B)sperm
C)gene
D)gamete
Answer: C
Q3) It is the job of the _______ to keep teratogens from reaching the fetus.
A)umbilical cord
B)placenta
C)amniotic fluid
D)prenatal development
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Infant
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sickle cell anemia is an example of a disorder that can be detected in newborns by
A)using the Apgar scale.
B)taking a urine sample.
C)taking a tiny quantity of blood drawn from the infant's heel.
D)administering a DNA test.
Answer: C
Q2) A baby born earlier than 25 weeks has a 75% chance of survival.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT measured using the Apgar scale?
A)appearance (color)
B)pulse (heart rate)
C)grimace (reflex irritability)
D)pupil dilation
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which principle states that development proceeds from the center of the body outward?
A)cephalocaudal
B)independence of systems
C)proximodistal
D)hierarchical integration
Q2) Synaptic pruning means
A)unused myelin is being removed in the brain.
B)unused dendrites are being removed in the brain.
C)unused axons are being removed in the brain.
D)unused synapses are being removed in the brain.
Q3) What is the name of the principle that is based on Greek and Latin roots meaning "head-to-tail"?
A)proximodistal
B)hierarchical integration
C)independence of systems
D)cephalocaudal
Q4) The swimming reflex lasts throughout a lifetime.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baby Nicholas watches as his mother leaves the room,but he does not cry because he understands that his mother still exists even though he cannot see her.This is an example of which reaction concept?
A)Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions
B)Substage 1: Simple reflexes
C)Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions
D)Substage 4: Object permanence
Q2) What is the term for a style of language use in which language is used primarily to label objects?
A)holographic
B)underextension
C)referential
D)overextension
Q3) Piaget believed that the basic building blocks of the way children understand the world are mental structures called
A)assimilation.
B)accommodation.
C)schemes.
D)memory.
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Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dysfunction of ______________ may be related to the development of disorders involving theory of the mind as well as autism.
A)attachment
B)mirror neurons
C)the cerebral cortex
D)the cerebellum
Q2) Two-year-old Baby Duane and his older brother are eating lunch,and both boys are given cookies for dessert.Duane's older brother accidentally drops his cookie on the floor and begins crying,so Duane offers to share his cookie with his brother.Duane has reached the point where he is able to demonstrate A)empathy.
B)trust.
C)self-awareness.
D)kindness.
Q3) Research has shown that human attachment is not as culturally universal as Bowlby predicted.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in the
Preschool Years
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Q1) Most people have unambiguous and seemingly accurate memories dating as far back as age
A)five.
B)four.
C)three.
D)two.
Q2) A child seeing his or her mother's car keys and saying "Go to store?" is an example of symbolic thinking.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the Centers for Disease Control,approximately how many children are at risk for lead poisoning due to exposure to potentially toxic levels of lead?
A)14 million
B)20 million
C)10 million
D)5 million
Q4) Briefly describe how the information processing approach is at odds with the Piagetian approach with regard to children and learning.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in the
Preschool Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to develop a(n)___________,a child must develop a(n)________.
A)gender schema;gender identity
B)gender identity;gender schema
C)self-concept;gender identity
D)individualistic orientation;gender schema
Q2) Most parents demonstrate a consistent parenting mode/style.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to psychologist Emmy Werner,young children who are considered "resilient" have
A)affectionate,easygoing,and good-natured temperaments.
B)strong independent streaks that allow them to be able to function without nurturing and assistance from others.
C)parents with excellent parenting skills.
D)been brought up in households that have relatively few stressors.
Q4) Because a typical 3-year-old's understanding of "pretend" has developed,that means his/her understanding of "belief" has also completely developed.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the term for the use of more than one language?
A)pragmatics
B)bilingualism
C)syntax
D)metalinguistics
Q2) Alexander is 6 years old,and although he pronounces most words clearly,he has difficulty pronouncing "j," "v," "th," and "zh" sounds,which are examples of
A)metalinguistics.
B)phonemes.
C)word blends.
D)enunciation.
Q3) What is the term for a measure of intelligence that takes into account a student's mental and chronological age?
A)standard age
B)chronological/physical age
C)intelligence quotient
D)mental age
Q4) Provide some criticisms of Piaget's perspective of learning.
Q5) Briefly explain some of the educational trends of the 21<sup>st</sup> century.
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is considered to be the centerpiece of friendship during middle childhood?
A)similar racial or ethnic background
B)mutual trust
C)similar size and weight
D)living geographically near one another
Q2) What percentage of children in the U.S.between the ages of 5 and 12 spend some time alone after school without adult supervision?
A)12-14%
B)15-20%
C)5-10%
D)8-10%
Q3) According to the textbook,the motivation of middle-school-age girls to solve conflict among friends is due to
A)lack of self-confidence.
B)lack of social competence.
C)apprehension over the use of more direct approaches.
D)the desire to make social interaction nonconfrontational.
Q4) Briefly describe criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an adolescent's newly sophisticated metacognitive capability enables him/her to construct elaborate scenarios about others' thoughts,this is known as A)fantasy.
B)adolescent egocentrism.
C)schizophrenia.
D)formal operational thought disorder.
Q2) The state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself is referred to as
A)formal operational thought disorder.
B)schizophrenia.
C)adolescent egocentrism.
D)fantasy.
Q3) A primary sex characteristic in boys is A)pubic,underarm,and facial hair.
B)deepened voices.
C)spermarche.
D)changes in vocal cord and larynx.
Q4) Briefly describe aspects of adolescent drinking.
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Q5) Briefly describe some criticisms of Piaget's approach to cognitive development.
Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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Q1) According to James Marcia's definition,crisis is
A)a period of identity development in which an adolescent consciously chooses between various alternatives and makes decisions.
B)a period in which the adolescent finds himself/herself in physical jeopardy or danger.
C)a period in which the adolescent makes a psychological investment in a course of action or an ideology.
D)a period in which the adolescent finds himself/herself having to make the decision to take a psychological moratorium.
Q2) The desire to have independence and a sense of control over one's life is called A)maturity.
B)adolescence.
C)adulthood.
D)autonomy.
Q3) What term relates to the object of one's sexual interest?
A)homosexuality
B)sexual orientation
C)heterosexuality
D)gender identity
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) When it comes to predicting a person's business success as an adult,including rate of career advancement,research suggests traditional IQ tests are
A)highly reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
B)moderately reliable in predicting the success of business executives. C)only marginally reliable in predicting the success of business executives.
D)totally unreliable in predicting the success of business executives.
Q2) Prejudice and discrimination directed at women are still a fact of college life.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The landmark legislation which mandates full access for people in wheelchairs to public establishments such as stores,office buildings,hotels,and theaters is called the A)Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA).
B)Equal Employment Act.
C)Civil Rights Act.
D)Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Q4) Briefly explain some strategies for coping with stress.
Q5) The study of creativity reveals several consistent developmental patterns.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Jamar's culture,the tendency to marry someone who is similar in age,race,education,and religion is referred to as which of the following?
A)marriage gradient
B)homogamy
C)cross-cultural factor
D)gender replication
Q2) In the United States,what is the average amount of money that parents will spend on one child from birth until the child reaches age 18?
A)$150,000
B)$235,000
C)$100,000
D)$300,000
Q3) In some cultures it is acceptable for college students to marry without love.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The marriage gradient limits the number of potential partners for women.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly explain some criticism of Ginzberg's career choice theory.
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percent of women experience no significant symptoms of menopause?
A)40%
B)45%
C)50%
D)55%
Q2) Aging brings about a loss of cilia in the inner ear,causing hearing problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A physical change that occurs frequently in men during climacteric is A)heart problems.
B)pulmonary difficulties.
C)enlargement of the prostate gland.
D)hypertension.
Q4) What percent of women experience severe distress during menopause?
A)10%
B)15%
C)20%
D)25%
Page 17
Q5) Briefly explain the association between poor health and socioeconomic status (SES).
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Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of women physically abuses their husbands?
A)8%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%
Q2) In the model of aging for high-caste Hindu women from the Oriya culture in Orissa,India,which of the following brings about a significant alteration in social responsibility?
A)physical changes such as the onset of menstruation and its cessation at menopause
B)graduation from primary and secondary schooling/education
C)inheritance of her family's finances and assets
D)the change from daughter to daughter-in-law
Q3) Marital violence against women is limited to Western cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Growing up in an abusive home invariably leads that person to become an abusive and neglectful adult.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The triggers for Alzheimer's disease have been uncovered by researchers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Memories that are related to specific life experiences,such as recalling the events of a vacation,are called
A)life memories.
B)episodic memories.
C)semantic memories.
D)visual memories.
Q3) In general,old people tend to be pretty much alike.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Older workers have fewer accidents than do younger workers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is a leading cause of death in elderly people?
A)auto accidents
B)broken bones
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)stroke
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Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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Q1) What is the major task to be accomplished in the body-transcendence-versus-body-preoccupation stage?
A)coping with the aging process
B)learning to cope with and move beyond physical changes
C)coping with mental decompensation
D)preparing for death
Q2) There appears to be continuity to personality across the lifespan.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the focus of Daniel Levinson's theory of adult development?
A)reaffirming personality change throughout the course of life from birth to death
B)preparing for death
C)achieving ego transcendence
D)looking at the processes that can lead to personality change as a person grows older
Q4) Integrated personalities are the most successful individuals when coping with the aging process.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) When electrical brain waves have ceased,this is called
A)electrolysis.
B)electroshock.
C)brain death.
D)functional death.
Q2) What is the most frequent cause of death in middle adulthood?
A)cancer
B)heart attack or stroke
C)gun accident
D)automobile accident
Q3) The care provided for the dying in places devoted to those who are terminally ill is called
A)hospice care.
B)home care.
C)euthanasia.
D)nursing care.
Q4) Briefly explain three types of death education.
Q5) The only alternative to home care for a dying person is nursing home care.
A)True
B)False
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