Gerontological Nursing Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Gerontological Nursing focuses on the specialized care of older adults, exploring the physiological, psychological, and social changes associated with aging. This course equips students with the knowledge and skills necessary to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate nursing interventions for elderly individuals across a variety of healthcare settings. Topics include common chronic conditions, medication management, health promotion, ethical considerations, and the impact of aging on families and communities. Approaches for maintaining functional independence, enhancing quality of life, and advocating for the well-being of older adults are emphasized throughout the course.
Recommended Textbook
Social Gerontology A Multidisciplinary Perspective 9th Edition by Nancy R. Hooyman
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17 Chapters
850 Verified Questions
850 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Growth of Social Gerontology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cross-sectional research designs are the best method to determine causation. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Compared with those that drop out, participants that remain in a longitudinal study are generally:
A) more educated.
B) healthier.
C) more motivated.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Q3) Racial crossover effect describes the tendency for Caucasians to live longer than African Americans.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Females born in the U.S. in 2008 can expect to reach ________ years.
Answer: 80.7
Q5) ________ focuses on how to prevent or manage the diseases of aging. Answer: Geriatrics
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Chapter 2: Aging in Other Countries and Across Cultures in
the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain Japan's aging crisis.
Answer: Japan is experiencing the most rapid rate of population aging in the world.By 2050,the 65 and older group will comprise 30% of the country's population.Resistance to immigration,which would bring in younger workers,is contributing to the need of economic support of retirees.
Q2) The major premise of modernization theory is that with modernization:
A) older people's status increases in most societies
B) there are more opportunities for intergenerational interaction
C) older people experience a higher quality of life
D) older people often lose political and social power
Answer: D
Q3) Modernization theory has been advanced primarily by ________.
Answer: Cowgill
Q4) The majority of older immigrants to the U.S. follow their adult children.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) __________ is a sense of reverence and deference toward elders.
Answer: Filial piety
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Chapter 3: The Social Consequences of Physical Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Changes in kidney size and function with aging cause drugs to be metabolized faster in the older person's body.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The gastrointestinal system changes in the following way with aging:
A) secretion of stomach digestive juices decreases.
B) more enzymes are produced in the small intestine.
C) constipation does not afflict most older people.
D) food is passed through the stomach and intestines more rapidly.
Answer: A
Q3) Because of a loss of convergence of images formed in the two eyes, ________ deteriorate with aging.
Answer: depth and distance perception
Q4) Studies of primates have shown that caloric restriction can improve physical activity and slow down metabolism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Managing Chronic Diseases and Promoting Well
Being in Old Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conditions has not been found to be higher among newer cohorts of elders compared to older cohorts?
A) edentulousness (total tooth loss)
B) diabetes
C) hiatus hernia
D) AIDS
Q2) Health promotion programs strictly work toward facilitating less disease among older adults.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The major risk factor for cardiovascular disease is:
A) hypotension.
B) hypertension.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) diabetes.
Q4) After age 70, men are less likely than women to report limitations with ADLs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What does the term "health status" refer to?
Q6) Compare the ADL and IADL limitations among older men and women. Page 6
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Page 7
Chapter 5: Cognitive Changes With Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding studies of intelligence?
A) Cross-sectional studies entail selective attrition.
B) Longitudinal studies entail selective attrition.
C) Older people do better on timed tests.
D) They can assess age changes and age differences.
Q2) Older people have more problems with spatial memory than do younger people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ are verbal riddles, rhymes, and codes associated with the new information.
Q4) Lifespan contextualism:
A) means considering the contest in which event are occurring and the relationship among them
B) is the opposite of value relativism
C) is a technique for developing back-up plans
D) is defined as being able to use decision making strategies
Q5) There is a biological factor in intelligence.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the findings of the Seattle Longitudinal Study.
Page 8
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Chapter 6: Personality and Mental Health in Old Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Grant Study of Harvard University Graduates:
A) is a longitudinal study that supports stage theories.
B) is a cross-sectional study that supports stage theories.
C) showed that the most emotionally stable 50 and 60 year olds followed gender stereotypes.
D) included men and women who established professional identity in their 20s and 30s.
Q2) DSM IV (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria for major depressive episode include, over a two week period or more,:
A) compulsive behaviors.
B) psychologically induced leg or arm tremor.
C) low energy level or fatigue.
D) blaming others for personal problems.
Q3) White men aged 85 and older are at greatest risk for ________.
Q4) Causes of reversible dementia (delirium) in old age include:
A) drugs or medication.
B) Korsakoff syndrome.
C) Huntington's.
D) Alzheimer's disease.
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Love Intimacy and Sexuality in Old Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most women experience depression and sadness during menopause.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The reduction in the elasticity and lubricating abilities of the vagina approximately five years after menopause is called _________.
Q3) Studies regarding menopause indicate that:
A) the postmenopausal period is characterized by widely fluctuating emotions.
B) most women undergoing menopause do not experience major psychological problems.
C) menopausal symptoms appear when the menstrual cycle ends.
D) only women who undergo a hysterectomy experience menopausal symptoms.
Q4) With regard to disease and sexuality in older people,:
A) untreated diabetes may cause impotence in men.
B) sexual activity can cause a stroke or heart attack.
C) sexual activity is limited by arthritis.
D) early-stage Alzheimer's disease and other mild dementias should not affect sexuality.
Q5) The majority of older men do not engage in sexual intercourse.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social Theories of Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of role loss that older adults commonly face is:
A) retirement.
B) movement to a nursing home.
C) elder abuse.
D) the returning home of adult children.
Q2) The process by which individuals discard roles that have been central to their identity is called:
A) socialization.
B) age-normative expectations.
C) role exit.
D) role loss.
Q3) Contrast disengagement theory and activity theory.
Q4) Social exchange theory states that:
A) older people exchange goods and services with other older people.
B) most older people exchange material goods and services with younger generations.
C) elders must exchange their material resources for emotional support.
D) elders generally have fewer resources to exchange.
Q5) People born in the same time period who share a common history and environmental past, present and future are called a ________.
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Chapter 9: The Importance of Social Supports-Family,
Friends, and Neighbors
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Q1) Perceived social support is more important than actual support.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Childless older adults with health problems tend to be more isolated than other older people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) During the elderly years (65+),:
A) more women remarry than men.
B) as many men remarry as women.
C) more men remarry than women.
D) none of the above.
Q4) Multigenerational households tend to be more prevalent among ethnic minority families compared to Caucasian families.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Women consistently experience increased levels of marital satisfaction over time than do men.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Opportunities and Challenges of Informal Caregiving
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the strongest explanations for elder mistreatment is:
A) abuser impairment.
B) filial piety.
C) objective burden.
D) all of the above.
Q2) Who is least likely to turn to formal services for caregiving?
A) women
B) ethnic minorities
C) men
D) both A and B
Q3) Family caregivers tend to experience the stress of emotional burdens more than financial or physical care burdens.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Financial abuse refers primarily to:
A) physical abuse.
B) emotional abuse.
C) economic exploitation.
D) violation of an older person's legal rights.
Q5) What are the characteristics of elder abusers that reflect power inequalities?
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Chapter 11: Living Arrangements and Social Interactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Community residential care facilities such as adult family homes are generally not an appropriate setting for older adults with multiple ADL limitations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The concept of designing the environment to facilitate active aging is called:
A) gerontechnology.
B) Eden Alternative.
C) universal design.
D) telehealth.
Q3) Gerontechnology:
A) can substitute for personal attention by a loved one.
B) is affordable for most elders.
C) reduces caregiver burden.
D) is not accepted by today's older adult.
Q4) Telehealth:
A) improves patient perceived control over health.
B) has been shown to be cost effective.
C) reduces hospital visits.
D) all of the above.
Q5) According to Litwak and Longino, where do a large number of retirees relocate?
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Productive Aging: Paid and Nonpaid Roles and Activities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older workers are more likely to be self-employed than younger workers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Older men are more active in voluntary associations than women.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not an obstacle to an older adult finding part-time work?
A) negative stereotypes about aging and productivity
B) employer resistance about higher health insurance cost of older workers
C) lack of job retraining and assistance
D) laws forbidding Social Security beneficiaries from working
Q4) The rates of poverty are highest among older people who are:
A) single women.
B) single men.
C) married men.
D) married women.
Q5) Elderhostel is an example of a religious organization for older adults.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Death, Dying, Bereavement, and Widowhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) "The right to die" refers to dying with dignity, without pain, and in accordance with one's wishes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hospice care:
A) uses experimental drugs that can cure a very ill person.
B) provides care and support to both the patient and the family.
C) represents a philosophy on how to deal with dying patients.
D) both B and C.
Q3) Regarding the death of siblings,:
A) many social supports exist for the bereaved siblings.
B) sibling bonds often don't last as long as other family relationships.
C) research on the effects of sibling death to the older person is limited.
D) none of the above.
Q4) In ________, treatment is withdrawn, and nothing is done to prolong the patient's life artificially, such as use of a feeding tube or ventilator.
Q5) Expected death allows survivors to prepare for the death of a friend or loved one through ________.
Q6) Explain the six-R process of mourning.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: The Resilience of Elders of Color
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elders who are Asian/Pacific Islanders have lower rates of western health service utilization because of:
A) reluctance to accept a diagnosis.
B) sociocultural barriers to health care.
C) traditional values, such as reliance on family and friends.
D) all of the above.
Q2) Cancer survival rates are lower for American Indians than for any other ethnic or racial subgroup in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) African American elders are more likely than whites to live with a family member other than a spouse.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Older American Indian elders who live on reservations receive comprehensive health care from the Indian Health Service.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the barriers to older adults utilizing social services and health care.
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Chapter 15: The Resiilience of Older Women
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attempts to privatize Social Security will hurt older women more than men.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regarding older women's' informal networks:
A) women respond to stressful events by "fight and flight" .
B) women respond to stressful events by "tending and befriending" .
C) women have larger nonkin networks than men.
D) women call on non-family networks to provide care for them.
Q3) Although women suffer from more chronic health conditions, most of these are not life-threatening.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A ________ is a requirement that a wife must agree to her husband's waiving survivor benefits.
Q5) A primary reason for older women's economic vulnerability is that most women did not work consistently for pay throughout their lives.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The average age of widowhood for women is ________ years.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Social Policies to Address Social Problems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contrary to public perception, Social Security was designed to be:
A) an investment program.
B) a minimum floor of protection.
C) a sole source of retirement income.
D) none of the above.
Q2) Social Security and Medicare are ________ programs in that benefits are tied to a person's contribution to the system as a paid worker across the life span.
Q3) Proposals to privatize Social Security will benefit all segments of today's working population.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most federal policies that benefit the older population are:
A) categorical (age-based) and means-tested.
B) categorical and universal for all older people.
C) direct cash transfers on the basis of means-tests.
D) noncontributory and categorical.
Q5) SSI is an example of an age-entitlement program.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Health and Long Term Care Policy and Programs
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Q1) Distinguish between the services provided within home and residential care settings with those that are delivered in community-based settings.
Q2) The way in which Medicaid is funded means that:
A) states must comply with federal regulations regarding which services to provide.
B) home health services , skilled nursing facility care and rural health clinics are optional.
C) most older people are covered by Medicaid.
D) it covers the difference between Medicare and out-of-pocket expenses for elders.
Q3) "Medigap" policies fill which of the following gaps in Medicare coverage?
A) Medicare deductible and co-payments
B) items and services not covered by Medicare
C) charges exceeding the amount approved by Medicare
D) all of the above
Q4) The need for long-term care will diminish for aging baby boomers because of a decline in chronic conditions compared to previous cohorts of elders.
A)True
B)False
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