Gerontological Nursing Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Gerontological Nursing focuses on the health care of older adults, emphasizing the physiological, psychological, and social changes associated with aging. This course explores common health challenges faced by the elderly, evidence-based interventions, and age-appropriate nursing care strategies. Students learn to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care to promote optimal health, functional independence, and quality of life for older individuals. The importance of communication, advocacy, and ethical considerations in gerontological nursing practice are also highlighted, preparing students to work effectively within interdisciplinary teams in diverse care settings.
Recommended Textbook
Toward Healthy Aging Human Needs and Nursing Response 7th Edition by Priscilla Ebersole
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27 Chapters
262 Verified Questions
262 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Gerontological Nursing and an Aging Society
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A gerontological nurse visits a local grade school to talk with the children about her career.A fourth grade boy asks,"Why do you work there? Old people are all stupid!" His comments probably indicate that he:
A) has had limited contact with the well elderly.
B) lacks intelligence.
C) probably was abused by an elderly family member.
D) had a negative experience with grandparents.
Answer: A
Q2) The country with the oldest population,both in terms of median population and the number of persons older than age 60,is: A) Japan.
B) Sweden.
C) China.
D) Ireland.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Theories of Aging
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Select the true statement regarding the nonstochastic group of theories.
A) Aging events occur randomly.
B) Biological aging is genetically programmed.
C) Aging is a result of an accumulation of errors in RNA and DNA metabolism.
D) The free radical theory is an example of this type of theory.
Answer: B
Q2) A community health nurse provides an annual flu prevention workshop at a local senior center.The activities include a lecture on preventing infections,which includes hand washing and limiting exposure to individuals who are ill,as well as an influenza immunization clinic.The nurse is basing her activities on what theory of aging?
A) Wear and tear
B) Cross-link
C) Immunity
D) Free radical
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Health and Wellness
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 68-year-old patient is being seen in the geriatric clinic for her annual physical examination.The nurse practitioner states that she is going to do a pelvic examination and Pap smear.The patient asks the nurse,"Since my husband died,I am no longer sexually active.I don't think I need a pelvic exam anymore.What do you think?" The nurse bases her response on the knowledge that:
A) Pelvic examinations and Pap smears are not necessary in individuals older than age 65 who are no longer sexually active.
B) Pelvic examinations and Pap smears are only done in individuals older than age 65 who have specific gynecological complaints.
C) Pelvic examinations and Pap smears are performed annually until age 70.After age 70,they are no longer necessary if three or more consecutive examinations were negative in the previous 10 years.
D) Pelvic examinations and Pap smears are performed annually in all females,regardless of age.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Physiological Changes with Aging
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As you enter your patient's room,you find her sitting up in bed,reading the large print edition of Reader's Digest.She asks you if it is possible to increase the amount of lighting in the room for her while she reads.She says to you,"I don't know what it is.It just seems that I need more light for everything as I get older." In your verbal response to her,you explain what age-related changes?
A) Slower ability of the pupil to adjust to changes in lighting is age related.
B) The gray-yellow ring around her cornea,arcus senilis,interferes with visual acuity.
C) The cornea becomes flatter and thinner with aging.
D) The retina begins to degenerate with aging,and detachment is an age expected change.
Q2) You have four rooms to choose from for your elderly client to be admitted this afternoon.Which room would you choose?
A) A brightly lit,blue room with cozy throw rugs
B) An orange carpeted room with soft lighting
C) A brightly lit,blue room with an EZ-Glide wax floor
D) A combination television/children's playroom with cute pastel wall hangings.
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Chapter 5: Laboratory Values and Diagnostics
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7 Verified Questions
7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) While looking at your patient's laboratory values,you note the following values.Which contains an alteration (increase or decrease)that you might expect with aging?
A) Potassium 4.5 mEq/L
B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)10 mg/dL
C) Creatinine 0.8 mg/dL
D) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)20 mm/hr
Q2) A 69-year-old patient in the geriatric clinic has his annual physical examination,and a complete blood count and serum electrolytes are drawn.His laboratory results show an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN).What is the next action of the nurse?
A) Assume that the laboratory result was a false-positive because the patient did not exhibit any symptoms of renal failure.
B) Look at his medication list because an elevated BUN may be the result of specific medications.
C) Instruct him on collecting a 24-hour urine specimen for protein analysis.
D) Tell him that an elevated BUN is normal in older adults.
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Chapter 6: Health Assessment in Gerontological Nursing
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7 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 88-year-old woman with a new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is being cared for by her daughter,who is eager to honor her mother's wishes to be cared for at home and not be placed in a nursing home.The visiting nurse makes her initial home visit and administers the Family APGAR in order to assess the:
A) caregiver's perception of emotional and social support with a new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
B) patient.
C) environmental changes needed to enhance function.
D) degree of physical assistance that the patient and caregiver need.
Q2) A limitation of the Katz index of activities of daily living (ADLs)is that:
A) completion of the tool requires the joint efforts of the interdisciplinary team.
B) all ADLs are weighted equally,and the cutoff score is arbitrarily determined.
C) it puts a heavier weight on the cognitive abilities necessary to perform ADLs.
D) it is completed as a self-report by the patient.
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8
Chapter 7: Managing Basic Physiological Needs
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult has Alzheimer's disease.His wife says he gets up at night and wanders around the house.What suggestion given by the nurse would be most appropriate?
A) "Ask your physician to prescribe strong sedatives."
B) "Increase his daily activity by taking him on frequent walks."
C) "Try using a restraint jacket at night."
D) "He needs his rest,so make sure he takes a nap during the day."
Q2) In implementing your nursing care plan for your client with constipation,what will you include in your plan?
A) Bedrest
B) Limiting fluids
C) Increased fiber in the diet
D) Aluminum-containing antacids
Q3) In evaluating interventions for your client's problem of constipation,what best indicates progress toward resolution of the problem?
A) Small,liquid bowel movements once to twice per day
B) Moderate discomfort with every-other-day evacuation
C) Fluid intake of 1 L/day with a low-residue diet
D) Normal bowel movements 1 to 3 days apart
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9
Chapter 8: Biological Maintenance Needs
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 88-year-old resident in a long-term care facility tells the nurse she is having mouth pain.The first action the gerontological nurse should take is to:
A) notify the physician in charge about the resident's problem.
B) carefully inspect the resident's mouth,teeth,and tongue.
C) medicate the resident with a prescribed analgesic.
D) instruct the resident to begin rinsing the mouth with an antimicrobial mouthwash.
Q2) An important consideration about the skin of an elderly person is that:
A) generous amounts of soap should be used as cleanser.
B) sweat glands increase in activity.
C) the patient's thermoregulating capabilities are decreased.
D) the epidermis becomes thicker and harder.
Q3) A basal cell carcinoma is characterized by:
A) a persistent red lesion with a poorly defined base and an adherent yellow-white scale.
B) a slightly raised discolored patch that may be tan,blue,red,black,or white.
C) an open sore that bleeds,oozes,or crusts and remains for 3 weeks or more.
D) rough,scaly,sandpaper-like patches.
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Chapter 9: Nutritional Needs
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Factors that make older adults more susceptible to dehydration than younger adults include the following except:
A) decreased percentage of body fat.
B) decreased percentage of body water.
C) decreased concentrating ability of kidneys.
D) decreased thirst sensation.
Q2) An 82-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital from the long-term care facility with a diagnosis of pneumonia and dehydration.Her mental status is at baseline,she has dry mucous membranes,and she reports feeling "very tired." What is the first line of treatment for her?
A) Administer intravenous fluids with 0.9 sodium chloride at a minimum of 1 L/day.
B) Administer oral fluids at a minimum of 2 to 3 L of clear fluids.
C) Administer intravenous fluids with 0.9 sodium chloride at the rate of 1 L/hr.
D) Assess the patient's intake and output because this is the most accurate way of assessing fluid status.
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11
Chapter 10: Chronic Disease in Late Life
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are caring for a client with a newly diagnosed chronic illness.In answering her questions,your most accurate response will include phrasing to the effect that:
A) the most prevalent form of disease in older adults at this time is acute illness.
B) although chronic illness lasts a long time,the effect on the family is minimal,primarily affecting only the client.
C) chronic illness is lifelong,and coping can be influenced by perceived uncertainty.
D) the client's acquisition of knowledge of the disease will guarantee successful coping with phases of the illness.
Q2) You are developing a class on stroke prevention for a local senior citizens center.What would be an important focus when teaching stroke prevention directed at modifiable risk factors?
A) Smoking cessation
B) Blood glucose control
C) Annual physical examination
D) Annual influenza immunization
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12
Chapter 11: Pain and Comfort
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12 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 81-year-old female patient was recently admitted to the subacute setting after having a knee replacement.She is very anxious and refuses to get out of bed,stating that it is too painful.What is the best action for the nurse?
A) Tell the patient that she must get out of bed and that she will get used to the pain.
B) Use the Hoyer lift to get her out of bed so that she does not have to move her knee.
C) Offer pain medication,administer the medication,and wait 20 minutes before getting her out of bed.
D) Let her rest in bed.
Q2) A 72-year-old patient is started on an analgesic regimen with opioids to treat persistent pain.What assessment is most important for the nurse to perform for all older patients on opioid analgesic regimens?
A) Integumentary
B) Genitourinary
C) Gastrointestinal
D) Cardiac
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Chapter 12: Geropharmacology
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 87-year-old Hispanic Catholic widow lives alone in the community.Her daughter lives nearby.She is being discharged home after a hospitalization for congestive heart failure.She is on eight different medications.She is at risk for noncompliance.What would not be a contributing factor to noncompliance?
A) Language barrier
B) Living alone
C) Large number of medications
D) Ethnic and religious background
Q2) Your patient is prescribed a transdermal morphine patch for severe chronic pain.You are providing medication teaching for her.What is important to include in your teaching?
A) Make sure to cut the patch to enhance medication release.
B) Take care not to touch the "skin side" of the patch.
C) Place the new patch next to the old patch.
D) Apply patch only to the chest.
Q3) What is an important contributing factor to polypharmacy in older adults?
A) Inadequate communication among medical care providers
B) Implementation of Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit
C) Use of generic medications
D) Increasing popularity of dietary and herbal supplements
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Chapter 13: The Use of Herbs and Supplements in Late Life
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5 Verified Questions
5 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 88-year-old woman is being seen for the first time at the outpatient geriatric clinic.When the nurse completes her nursing admission history,she asks the patient about her medication list.She inquires about the use of herbs and other supplements as well as prescription medications.The reason for this inquiry is that herbs and supplements:
A) may interact with prescription medications.
B) are hazardous when used by older adults.
C) replace the need for prescription medications.
D) cause excessive sedation in older adults
Q2) Herbal supplements are manufactured in all but one of these forms:
A) tincture.
B) salves.
C) extracts.
D) intravenous.
Q3) The profile of a usual herbal supplement client resembles:
A) inner city,lower socioeconomic status,female.
B) white,highly educated with higher income level.
C) third generation,middle income,Hispanic American.
D) men and women from small rural communities.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Sensory Function
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10 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 69-year-old patient reports that she is having difficulty hearing.Which interventions would the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)
A) Perform a Rinne test.
B) Eliminate extraneous noise in the environment.
C) Speak in an extra loud tone of voice.
D) Review prescribed medications.
Q2) You are preparing a 78-year-old client with an alteration in olfaction for discharge home.Which topics should be included in the patient education plan to prepare for discharge? (Choose all that apply.)
A) Date and label all foods.
B) Remove trash from home weekly.
C) Place natural gas detectors near gas heater or stove.
D) Use perfumes and colognes in moderation.
Q3) In altered perceptual organization,disorientation usually occurs first in which domain?
A) Time
B) Person
C) Place
D) Situation
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Mobility
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11 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An 88-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia.She has a history of hypertension and congestive heart failure and is on a total of five different medications for these chronic conditions.The nurse caring for the woman develops a care plan that includes the diagnosis Risk for falls.A priority nursing intervention for this client is to:
A) perform a fall assessment.
B) keep all of the side rails up on the client's bed at nighttime.
C) place the client on bedrest so that she does not fall.
D) assess the client's dietary intake for calcium adequacy.
Q2) Parkinson's disease is characterized by which alteration in gait?
A) Wide-based gait with frequent side-stepping
B) Stooped posture and a short,rapid shuffling
C) Spastic,shuffling gait
D) Waddling gait
Q3) Rheumatoid arthritis:
A) is diagnosed by a positive pannus blood test.
B) results from a deficiency of vitamin D.
C) includes systemic manifestations as well as bilateral joint deformities.
D) is characterized by low bone mass and compromised bone strength.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Environmental Safety and Security
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a nurse on the Acute Care for the Elderly Unit,which has an activity program for patients on the unit.All patients are encouraged to get out of bed and walk to the activity program daily.This program is based on the understanding that:
A) fewer registered nurse staff are required to care for patients who are ambulatory.
B) physical activity improves mobility,balance,and muscle strength.
C) fewer falls occur in patients who are out of bed than among those who are on bedrest.
D) older adults who are ambulatory have less of a risk of developing hypothermia.
Q2) You are educating your elderly female client about fire safety.You answer her questions knowing that:
A) elderly women are more likely to die in fires than elderly men.
B) fire mortality for elders is twice that of any other age group except children ages 1 to 4.
C) most people who die in fires are killed by the flames.
D) most fires occur outside the home.
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Chapter 17: Economic,Residential,and Legal Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cost of nursing home care is significant.The primary payer for nursing home care is:
A) Medicare.
B) Medicaid and private pay.
C) long-term care insurance.
D) Medi-Gap insurance.
Q2) Your 88-year-old neighbor tells you that her daughter wants her to move to a life care community.These communities typically:
A) require that in the case of married couples,both individuals require the same level of care.
B) are decreasing in number across the United States.
C) offer a full range of residential options all in one location.
D) are for low-income seniors only.
Q3) The original intent of Social Security was to:
A) provide a hospital insurance plan.
B) minimize the dependency of older members on younger members of society.
C) provide the blind,elderly,or disabled with adequate financial support.
D) penalize women financially for numerous zero wage years while raising children.
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Chapter 18: Frailty,Vulnerability,and Elder Mistreatment
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 90-year-old client tells her home care nurse that she must buy her neighbor's groceries or the neighbor will not take her to the store.This is an example of which type of elder mistreatment?
A) Abandonment
B) Abuse
C) Neglect
D) Exploitation
Q2) A visitor to a nursing home witnesses an attendant scolding a client with dementia about being incontinent.The visitor reports the incident to the charge nurse.This is an example of:
A) caregiver burnout.
B) exploitation.
C) psychological abuse.
D) neglect.
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Chapter 19: Intimacy and Sexuality in Late Life
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on recent studies,which statement regarding touch and touch zones is most accurate?
A) Persons age 66 to 100 are the most often touched.
B) Newly graduated registered nurses tend to touch clients less often than senior nursing students.
C) When performing pericare on a client,you are working within the zone of intimacy.
D) The comfort of touch depends on place,situation,social status,and age.
Q2) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)is frequently underreported in older adults because:
A) it is often not recognized due to its low incidence in older adults.
B) many of the classic symptoms are also common to other conditions common in older adults.
C) presenting symptoms are markedly different than in younger adults.
D) AIDS progresses much slower in older adults so symptoms are not recognized easily.
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Chapter 20:
Transitions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 68-year-old accountant is planning for retirement.He talks about volunteering in an animal shelter after he retires because he loves animals.What action would be most helpful in assisting him in adjusting to this new role?
A) Begin volunteering for an hour or two per week while he is still working.
B) Volunteer for 40 hours per week immediately upon retiring.
C) Choose a volunteer position in the animal shelter's financial office.
D) Seek a volunteer opportunity that offers a small stipend to supplement his pension.
Q2) An 82-year-old widow with Alzheimer's disease is being cared for at home by her daughter.Twice a week,the widow goes to an adult day care program.This is an example of:
A) long-term care.
B) a PACE program.
C) transitional care.
D) respite care.
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Chapter 21: Culture,Gender,and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cultural group has the fastest growing elderly population in the United States?
A) Blacks
B) Asian/Pacific Island Americans
C) Native Americans
D) Hispanic Americans
Q2) Ethnocentrism is defined as:
A) an understanding of another's cultural beliefs and practices.
B) a conflict that occurs when an individual interacts with another whose beliefs differ from his own.
C) application of limited knowledge about one person with specific characteristics to another person.
D) a belief that one's ethnic group is superior to that of another.
Q3) Select the true statement regarding cohort effect:
A) Birth cohort is important in understanding how one experiences a world event.
B) Each individual within a cohort experiences events in a similar way.
C) An example of applying the knowledge of cohort effect would be treating an elderly client exactly how your own grandfather would expect to be treated.
D) All generations share a similar perspective on life events.
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Chapter 22: Nursing and Aging in Rural and Frontier
Settings
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult lives in a community of 4800 people.The nearest city is 90 minutes away.The prominent features of a rural area are:
A) easy access to urban facilities,industrialized,and densely populated.
B) low population size and density,physical remoteness,and in an ecologically natural area.
C) physical remoteness,moderate population,and some industry presence.
D) in an ecologically natural area,culturally diverse population,and access to full health services.
Q2) What is true regarding the health status of rural-dwelling older adults? They are:
A) a population at risk for disease and disability.
B) less likely to have mental illness.
C) able to access health care due to federal farm pension programs.
D) automatically eligible for government assistance for home care programs regardless of specific needs.
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Chapter 23: Cognition and Caring for Persons with Cognitive Impairment
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 75-year-old client was admitted to the hospital after having sustained a fall at home.She is diagnosed with a right hip fracture and is scheduled for surgery in the morning.At 2:30 AM she awakens from sleep with confusion about where she is.She insists that her daughter is in the other room and wants to see her.You attempt to reorient her to the surroundings with little success.She continues to insist that her daughter is in the next room.In reviewing the client's record,what data would be considered a source of her confusion?
A) Pain medication received
B) Death of the client's husband last month
C) The client's age
D) History of cardiac disease
Q2) A major differentiation between delirium and dementia is that the course of delirium over a 24-hour period:
A) is fairly stable but may be exacerbated by stress.
B) fluctuates and is often worse at night.
C) is fairly stable but may be worse in the morning.
D) demonstrates a steady decline.
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Page 25
Chapter 24: Stress,Crises,and Health in Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are questioning your elderly resident about meal choices.He reluctantly answers your questions,and when pressed,states,"Why are you asking me? You guys always do what you want anyway!" Although surprised by his outburst,you recognize that he is exhibiting:
A) denial.
B) dementia.
C) powerlessness.
D) delirium.
Q2) A 90-year-old client in an adult day care program tells the nurse that she is very stressed because her neighbor passed away.The most therapeutic response is:
A) "Let's think of happy things."
B) "Tell me what you did and how you managed when your other neighbor passed away last year."
C) "You should count your blessings and not dwell on sad things."
D) "Let's get involved in some activities and not think about sad things."
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Chapter 25: Emotional Health in Late Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most prevalent mental health disorder in older adults is:
A) anxiety disorder.
B) depression.
C) schizophrenia.
D) alcoholism.
Q2) Your elderly client is being discharged to a nursing home.In the past she has lived independently and is now expressing displeasure at her inability to be discharged home.What intervention would best serve to help her avoid experiencing an adjustment disorder?
A) Carefully review any options and alternatives available to her.
B) Make the move quickly.
C) Convince her why this is really the best way.
D) Talk to the physician regarding prescribing her an antianxiety agent.
Q3) The goals of treatment for a depressed elderly client include the following except:
A) decreasing symptoms
B) reducing risk of relapse.
C) increasing quality of life.
D) increasing medication use.
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Chapter 26: Loss,Death,and Dying in Late Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Oregon State Death with Dignity Law:
A) enables an Oregon resident who is terminally ill and mentally competent to obtain the assistance of a physician for the purpose of a dignified death at a time and manner of his or her choosing.
B) enables an Oregon resident who is terminally ill to appoint another individual to communicate his wishes related to health care in the event that he or she is not able to do so.
C) enables an Oregon resident who is terminally ill to have active euthanasia.
D) has resulted in Oregon residents experiencing a deterioration in end-of-life care.
Q2) The family of a 78-year-old patient who is dying of colon cancer with metastases to the liver is concerned because he refuses to eat or drink.He is alert and oriented,and states that he has no desire to eat.What should the nurse do?
A) Comply with the patient's wishes.
B) Force fluids.
C) Contact the physician for an order for enteral feeding.
D) Contact the dietitian for feeding supplements.
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Chapter 27: Self-Actualization,Spirituality,and Transcendence
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are admitting a new resident to your long-term care facility.In attempting to give you some background information on his wife,the resident's husband describes his wife as a "very spiritual" person.From this,you understand that:
A) a highly spiritual person has a specific religious affiliation.
B) she probably will prefer spiritual healing methods over modern medicine.
C) spiritual needs are much broader and more personal than any particular religious persuasion.
D) an important nursing role for the resident will be to make certain she attends church services on the unit weekly.
Q2) Which refers to the highest level of human functioning,according to Maslow?
A) Biological or physiological integrity
B) Safety and security
C) Self-esteem
D) Self-actualization
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