Geospatial Science
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Geospatial Science is an interdisciplinary field that explores the collection, analysis, and interpretation of geographic data using advanced technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). This course introduces students to the fundamental concepts and tools used to study spatial relationships and patterns across natural and built environments. Through practical applications and hands-on exercises, students learn how to visualize, manage, and analyze geospatial data to address real-world challenges in areas such as environmental management, urban planning, disaster response, and resource allocation. The course prepares students for careers in a variety of fields where spatial analysis and mapping are critical.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Physical Geography 3rd Edition by Alan F. Arbogast
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20 Chapters
2538 Verified Questions
2538 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Physical Geography
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54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are examples of how physical geographers use the scientific method?
A) collecting water samples from a number of streams and conducting chemical analyses on them to test the hypothesis that water in streams in the region is acidic
B) mapping the distribution of a particular soil type across the United States
C) collecting land-cover data from a series of aerial images and examining the change in different types of land cover through time to test the hypothesis that the amount of agricultural area in a particular region has decreased over time.
D) all of these
E) a and c only
Answer: E
Q2) There are more rivers in the western United States than in the eastern part of the country
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: The Geographers Tools
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Sun-synchronous orbit is basically east-west.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following maintains the correct angular relationships between places at the expense of correct size?
A) globe
B) Mercator Projection
C) Albers Projection
D) Robinson Projection
E) none of these
Answer: B
Q3) Isohyets connect points of equal elevation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Longitude measures your east-west position on the Earth.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Earth-Sun Geometry and the Seasons
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Earth is the _________ planet from the Sun.
A) second
B) third
C) fourth
D) fifth
E) sixth
Answer: B
Q2) When viewed above the North Pole,the Earth rotates in a clockwise direction about its axis of rotation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) When viewed above its North Pole,the Moon rotates in a counterclockwise direction about its axis of rotation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Global Energy System
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144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This percentage of incoming solar radiation leaves the Earth as longwave energy radiated directly from the surface.
A) 65%
B) 45%
C) 21%
D) 18%
E) 3%
Q2) Water vapor is one of the greenhouse gases.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Select all of the following statements that are true.
A) The greenhouse effect and global warming are the same thing.
B) Without the greenhouse effect, there would be little to no life on Earth.
C) Some of the radiation flowing from the Earth to space is absorbed by greenhouse gasses and re-radiated back to the surface and out to space.
D) CO makes up about 96% of Mars's atmosphere.
E) The ozone layer absorbs harmful UV radiation from the Sun that would otherwise reach the Earth's surface.
Q4) Why is the sky blue during the day,red at sunrise and sunset,and black at night?
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Chapter 5: Global Temperature Patterns
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) .The ________ is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
A) stratopause
B) mesosphere
C) troposphere
D) thermosphere
E) stratosphere
Q2) The mesosphere is the warmest of the atmospheric layers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) 0°C is the exact same as 32°F.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the troposphere.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The temperature in the thermosphere can reach more than 1800°F.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe how latitude,season,and length of day affect air temperature.
Q7) Describe the mesosphere,including elevation,composition,and lapse rate.
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Chapter 6: Atmospheric Pressure, wind, and Global
Circulation
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As seen from the North Pole,an air mass moving toward the Equator will appear to veer to the right.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ultimate cause for all wind patterns on Earth is the unequal heating of land surfaces.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Select all of the following statements that are true about anticyclones.
A) An anticyclone has air diverging at the surface.
B) An anticyclone is also known as a high pressure system.
C) An anticyclone spins clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
D) An anticyclone has air converging at the surface.
E) An anticyclone spins clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.
Q4) What is the difference between convection and advection?
Q5) What are the defining characteristics of a high-pressure system?
Q6) What is the Coriolis force? What are its effects?
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Chapter 7: Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The wet adiabatic lapse rate applies to both rising and descending air.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Water molecules have both a positive and a negative end.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When water turns to ice,it releases heat in a process called the latent heat of freezing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Uplift that occurs along the boundary of contrasting bodies of air.
A) convectional uplift
B) orographic uplift
C) frontal uplift
D) convergent uplift
E) cyclonic uplift
Q5) Cirrus clouds are composed of ice crystals rather than water droplets.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which type of uplift will never occur in the state of Florida?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Air Masses and Cyclonic Weather Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) If while on a Midwest U.S.vacation you experience a day of clouds,a day of light rain,and a day of heavy rain with thunder while the temperature remains cool,the weather is most likely the result of a(n)
A) warm front.
B) occluded front.
C) stationary front.
D) cA air mass.
E) cold front.
Q2) An elongated area of elevated air pressure in the upper atmosphere that is typically associated with sunny skies and calm winds is a(n)
A) easterly wave.
B) high-pressure ridge.
C) low-pressure trough.
D) tropical cyclone.
E) midlatitude cyclone.
Q3) Cloud tops usually develop negative charges during thunderstorms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hurricane Katrina reached a maximum of a Category __________ storm.
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Chapter 9: Global Climates and Global Climate Change
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Climate boundaries are clear,distinct,stable,and plainly identifiable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The B climates are found on virtually every continent.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The impact of elevation on the climograph is to lower the height of the line graph.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Tropical rainforest climate has high temperatures,a short dry season,and excessive precipitation that compensates for the drought.
A)True
B)False
Q5) On a climograph,temperature is shown by bars and precipitation is shown by a line.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The full name of the driest of the C climates is __________. *Note the answer is a 3-word term.
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Chapter 10: Plant Geography
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first plants to grow in an area after a disturbance are called A) succulents.
B) pioneer species.
C) climax vegetation.
D) decomposers.
E) riparian growth.
Q2) Most of the deforestation currently occurring is in the A) tropics.
B) boreal forests.
C) midlatitude and temperate areas.
D) subtropics.
E) polar regions.
Q3) The expression "lungs of the Earth" refers to A) volcanoes.
B) the grassland biomes.
C) tropical forests.
D) ice caps.
E) zooplankton.
Q4) At the end of plant succession the maximum variety of plants in an area should be achieved; this is the formation of the __________ vegetation.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Global Distribution and Character of Soils
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write in the name of the horizon that each of the following statement describes:
i)mineral soil horizon characterized by the illuvial accumulation of aluminum,iron,and organic carbon [1]
ii)diagnostic horizon of podzolization from which class and free iron oxides have been removed,resulting in a light-colored E horizon [2]
iii)diagnostic horizon that is enriched in illuviated calcium carbonate [3]
iv)hard,cemented layer of calcium carbonate deposits in a calcic horizon of the soil [4]
v)diagnostic horizon that forms due to the recrystallization of secondary salts [5]
Q2) Soils that are very weakly developed and have no distinct horizons are A) aridisols. B) andisols. C) inceptisols. D) gelisols.
E) entisols.
Q3) A triangular diagram showing the percent distribution of different soil particle sizes is used to help identify the __________ of a soil.
Q4) How many soil orders are there?
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Chapter 12: Earth S Internal Structure, rock Cycle, and Geologic Time
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Sample Questions
Q1) Metamorphic rocks that are foliated are layered or banded,and nonfoliated ones are fairly uniform in appearance.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The liquid part of the interior of the Earth is
A) the inner core.
B) the lower mantle.
C) the outer core.
D) BOTH the inner core and the lower mantle.
E) NONE of these.
Q3) Quartz is the most important mineral in clastic sedimentary rocks.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Lava cools to form
A) metamorphic rock.
B) inorganic sedimentary rock.
C) clastic sedimentary rock.
D) intrusive igneous rock.
E) extrusive igneous rock.
14
Q5) The Hadean,Archean,and Proterozoic comprise the time referred to as
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Tectonic Processes and Landforms
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a magnitude of 7.9.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of these are examples of shield volcanoes? (Select all that apply.)
A) Crater Lake
B) Mount St. Helens
C) Mauna Loa
D) Mount Capulin
E) Mount Nyaragongo
Q3) The largest of the types of volcanic cones is the __________.
Q4) In a normal fault, fault movement may move both blocks upward or downward.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The theory that the Earth's crust is divided into a small number of plates that float and move on the asthenosphere is called __________.
Q6) An anticline cannot be a topographically low landform.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The giant supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago is called
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Chapter 14: Weathering and Mass Movements
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130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Arguably,the most important weathering agent is A) water.
B) bacteria.
C) calcite.
D) salt.
E) sodium.
Q2) The point at which sediment becomes unstable is called the A) fracture.
B) rebound.
C) cleavage.
D) threshold point.
E) isostacy.
Q3) A mass-wasting process in which rocks break free from cliff faces and rapidly tumble into the valley below is a A) mudflow.
B) slump.
C) rockfall.
D) solifluction.
E) debris slide.
Q4) The weathering that most impacts limestone is __________.
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Chapter 15: Groundwater and Karst Landscapes
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What could be some limiting factors in the formation of caves and caverns?
Q2) When pore spaces become completely filled with water,the soil is considered to be at __________ capacity.
A) water
B) saturated
C) field
D) hygroscopic
E) table
Q3) List and describe the three stages of cave and cavern evolution.
Q4) Large underground voids in rock layers are called caves.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A ________________ is a surface river or stream that flows into a sinkhole and moves into an underground river system.
A) disappearing stream
B) sinkhole
C) cave
D) depression
E) stalagmite
Q6) Describe the stages of soil water and what influences these stages.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Fluvial Systems and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) When raindrops fall directly on to the soil,this process loosens,lifts,and drops sediment into new positions.
A) rills
B) colluvium
C) stream gradation
D) fluvial movement
E) splash erosion
Q2) A portion of an abandoned stream channel that is cut off from the rest of the stream is called a thalweg.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Rills are small drainage channels that are cut into hillslopes by running water.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The study of flowing water on Earth's surface is called A) hydraulic geometry.
B) rhine hydrology.
C) stream hydrology.
D) runoff analysis.
E) stream discharge.
Page 19
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Chapter 17: Glacial Geomorphology: Processes and Landforms
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and define the three types of glaciers commonly associated with alpine glaciers.
Q2) __________ is unsorted sediment deposited indirectly or directly by a glacier.
A) Glacial till
B) Glacial drift
C) Glacial meltwater
D) Basal till
E) Ablation till
Q3) When meltwater accumulates at the base of a glacier,allowing for more efficient movement,it is called ice regulation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Greenland ice sheet covers _____% of the island of Greenland.
A) 99
B) 95
C) 80
D) 46
E) 35
Q5) What is the importance of permafrost in periglacial landscapes?
Q6) Describe the process of converting snow to glacial ice.
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Chapter 18: Arid Landscapes and Eolian Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and describe the ways in which the wind transports sediment.
Q2) The gradual slope of a dune that faces the prevailing wind is termed the A) crest.
B) backslope.
C) slip face.
D) angle of repose.
E) angle of dune advancement.
Q3) A steep-sided gully cut into alluvial sediments found in dry areas is called a(n) A) mesa.
B) butte.
C) playa.
D) pediment.
E) arroyo.
Q4) These are ridges that are sculpted and streamlined by abrasion and deflation.
A) ventifacts
B) yardangs
C) deflation hollows
D) desert pavement
E) desert varnish
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Chapter 19: Coastal Processes and Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) A spit that extends all the way across a bay is called a
A) baymouth bar.
B) tombolo.
C) longshore spit.
D) barrier island.
E) berm scarp.
Q2) Another name for a tsunami is a(n)
A) seismic sea wave.
B) eustatic wave.
C) grand wave.
D) ocean wave.
E) deep-water wave.
Q3) A coral reef evolves through the growth of small marine organisms and can be categorized as a fringing reef,barrier reef,or atoll.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are some of the ways we try to protect coastal areas from erosion and deposition?
Q5) Explain what tides are and what they are influenced by.
Q6) What are the two components of littoral drift,and why are they important?
Page 22
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Chapter 20: Population Growth and Environmental Impacts
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146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) About 22% of the surface of the Earth is currently suitable for potentially productive agriculture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Owens Rivers was greatly impacted in Southern California's need for water that also greatly lowered Mono Lake.
A)True B)False
Q3) The last ice age ended about 10-13 thousand years ago.
A)True B)False
Q4) Most of Australia's population lives on the periphery of the continent.
A)True B)False
Q5) Drainage Risk Nevada Committee (DRNK)was the name of the group formed in 1991 to address concerns about Las Vegas running out of water and to manage local water resources.
A)True B)False
Q6) The Industrial Revolution began in the __________ / century.
Page 23
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