Geomorphology Test Questions
Course Introduction
Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape the Earth's surface. This course explores the origin, evolution, and classification of various landscapes, emphasizing the roles of weathering, erosion, sediment transport, and tectonic activity in creating physical features such as mountains, rivers, valleys, deserts, and coastlines. Students will examine both surface and subsurface processes, analyze geomorphic evidence using maps and remote sensing data, and investigate the impacts of climate change and human activity on landscape dynamics. The course integrates fieldwork and laboratory analysis to provide practical experience in interpreting geomorphic processes and landform development.
Recommended Textbook
Introducing Physical Geography 5th Edition by Alan H. Strahler
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1169 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: The Earth As a Rotating Planet
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ratio that relates distance on a map to distance on the Earth's surface is the scale fraction.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What is the declination of the Sun at the equinoxes?
A)90 degrees
B)66.5 degrees
C)45 degrees
D)23.5 degrees
E)0 degrees
Answer: E
Q3) 1 degree of latitude is approximately how many kilometers in distance?
A)100
B)110
C)111
D)122
E)101
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Earths Global Energy Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best describes latent heat transfer?
A)the absorption of energy from a surface during the process of evaporation
B)the release of energy during the process of condensation
C)the release of heat from a source of evaporation to the atmosphere
D)the transfer of energy from one source of condensation to another
E)the increase in humidity following the release of latent heat
Answer: C
Q2) Approximately what proportion of all incoming solar radiation is absorbed by molecules,dust and clouds in the atmosphere?
A)12%
B)17%
C)20%
D)25%
E)32%
Answer: C
Q3) Surface temperatures are warmer over a low albedo surface compared to those above a high albedo surface.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Air Temperature
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Sample Questions
Q1) City surfaces are darker and more absorbent than rural surfaces.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In which atmospheric layers does temperature increase with altitude?
A)troposphere
B)tropopause
C)stratosphere
D)stratopause
E)mesosphere
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is a source of atmospheric carbon dioxide?
A)photosynthesis
B)chlorofluorocarbons
C)rice fields
D)burning of fossil fuels
E)melting ice
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When rain mixes with smog,fallout will occur.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the changes in the characteristics of water is it is transferred through the cycle linking the three states of water.
Q4) Compare and contrast the formation and characteristics of different types of fog.
Q5) Describe clouds at low,medium and high altitude referring to specific cloud types.
Q6) Unstable air is typical of cool,winter air masses.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Air continues to cool above the lifting condensation level.
A)True
B)False
Q8) By drawing an annotated diagram,describe the phenomena associated with a thunder cloud.
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Chapter 5: Winds and the Global Circulation System
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Sample Questions
Q1) As you increase in altitude,barometric pressure:
A)holds
B)increases
C)decreases
D)is temperature dependant
E)none of the above
Q2) The subtropical jet stream is located between 35 and 65 degrees latitude.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following pressure systems has a wind circulation pattern that is clockwise,downward and outward?
A)Southern Hemisphere low
B)Southern Hemisphere high
C)Northern Hemisphere low
D)Northern Hemisphere high
E)Southern and Northern hemisphere lows
Q4) Describe the changes in temperature,pressure and other atmospheric variables as you ascend through the atmosphere.
Q5) Describe the role and development of deep ocean currents.
Q6) Describe the different types of jet streams and compare their characteristics.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Weather Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the difference between mP and mT air masses.
Q2) A warm front is a front where cold air moves into a region of warm air. A)True B)False
Q3) What is the role of the Hadley cell in the transport of heat and moisture toward the poles?
A)The Hadley cell pumps heat from the subtropical zone toward the poles
B)The Hadley cell produces the Rossby wave mechanism that leads to the development of mid-latitude cyclones
C)Rising air at the ITCZ moves poleward and descends at the subtropical high to move heat and moisture poleward
D)Descending air at the ITCZ moves poleward and ascends at the subtropical high to move heat and moisture poleward
E)Sensible heat is acquired in tropical and equatorial regions and is moved northward into the North Atlantic.
Q4) Describe the air masses that impact the weather in your location.Draw a sketch map to show the type and source of each of these air masses.
Q5) Describe the development of wave cyclones.
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Chapter 7: Global Climates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using an annotated sketch map of an idealized supercontinent,identify the location of each of the mid-latitude and high latitude climate types
Q2) Identify two examples each of dry and moist climates.Explain the factors that are responsible for their precipitation regimes.
Q3) Which of the following global bands of atmospheric pressures and winds is not associated with low latitude climates?
A)ITCZ
B)northeast and southeast trade winds
C)portions of the subtropical high
D)tropical westerlies
E)tropical easterlies
Q4) Wheat production is the dominant crop of the moist subtropical climate type.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Coastal stations show a larger annual variation in temperature,while the variation is smaller for stations in continental interiors
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Biogeographic Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parasitism an example of which of the following processes?
A)succession
B)symbiosis
C)allelopathy
D)predation
E)herbivory
Q2) The positive interaction between individuals of different species whereby both species are benefited and it is essential to their existence is known as:
A)commensalism
B)symbiosis
C)mutualism
D)protocooperation
E)herbivory
Q3) Describe the successional changes that you might observe in an abandoned agricultural field.
Q4) Compare and contrast the nature of different types of symbiosis,giving examples.
Q5) Using an annotated diagram,describe the general operation of the nitrogen cycle.Explain the role of nitrogen fixation and denitrification in the cycle.
Q6) Describe the factors that promote and limit the dispersal of species.
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Chapter 9: Global Biogeography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast monsoon forest and midlatitude deciduous forest with reference to prevailing climate and the deciduous trees.
Q2) Semidesert is a transitional formation class found in a wide of latitudes from the tropical zone to the midlatitudes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Boreal forests may be classified as which of the following forest types?
A)low-latitude rainforest
B)subtropical evergreen forest
C)mid-latitude deciduous forest
D)needleleaf forest
E)coastal needleleaf forest
Q4) The ________________ is dominated low trees with thick,leathery leaves that are well adapted to the long drought of the Mediterranean climate.
A)Semi Desert
B)Mid-latitude Deciduous Forrest
C)Needle leaf Forest
D)Savanna
E)Sclerphyll Forest
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Chapter 10: Global Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following features differentiates the different forms of Alfisols?
A)degree of development
B)prevailing climate
C)degree of use by humans
D)fertility
E)development of the B horizon
Q2) Argillic horizons are characteristic of oxisols,alfisols and mollisols.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Colloids are important to soil formation because ____________________.
A)they allow for easy transportation of water
B)they allow for breaks in the soil so that water and gases can travel through it
C)they attract base ions which act as nutrients for plants
D)of their positive charge which allows them to attract acidic compounds
E)they are a key source of moisture
Q4) Vertisols tend to have a neutral pH,and are high in base status with organic matter distributed evenly through the soil.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Earth Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) The boundary marked by the mid-Atlantic ridge is a:
A)converging boundary
B)spreading boundary
C)transform boundary
D)continental suture
E)boundary that is currently not classified
Q2) Which tectonic plate is located between the South American Plate and the Antarctic Plate?
A)Philippine plate
B)Bismark plate
C)Caroline plate
D)Scotia plate
E)Cocos plate
Q3) Using an annotated sketch map of North America,indicate the surrounding tectonic plates and the nature of the boundaries.
Q4) Using an annotated diagram describe the different types of igneous intrusions.
Q5) The lithosphere is the outermost shell including the crust and the outer portion of the mantle.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Volcanic and Tectonic Landforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) A table-topped plateau of comparatively small extent bounded by cliffs and occurring in a region of flat-lying strata is referred to as a:
A)mesa
B)butte
C)monadnock
D)cuesta
E)dome
Q2) Arch-like folds upfolds are referred to as:
A)synclines
B)anticlines
C)foreland folds
D)fault folds
E)normal folds
Q3) Using an annotated sketch map identify well-known volcanoes.Note the type of volcano and the way its characteristics are expressed in the behavior of the volcanoes.
Q4) Identify the defining characteristics of a hogback and the processes responsible for producing them.
Q5) Describe and explain the nature and effect of the strike and dip of rocks.
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Chapter 13: Weathering and Mass Wasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thermokarst is characterized by which of the following features?
A)patterned ground
B)thickened permafrost
C)stone polygons
D)depressions
E)pingos
Q2) Regolith that is transported by running water is termed Colluvium.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Accumulations of regolith at the foot of a slope are called ____________ .
A)earthflow
B)scarification
C)outcrop
D)colluvium
E)alluvium
Q4) Mass wasting in which water saturated soil and regolith slowly flows downhill is referred to as an earthflow.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe and explain the different forms of mass wasting.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Fresh Water of the Continents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe and explain the processes responsible for the development of karst caves.
Q2) Which of the following is the potential result of water table depletion?
A)increase in base level of surrounding streams
B)the water table becomes more shallow
C)volumes of groundwater increase
D)sinking of the land known as subsidence
E)decrease in risk for groundwater contamination
Q3) The height above which inundation of the floodplain occurs:
A)flood level
B)discharge
C)flood stage
D)flash flood
E)base flow
Q4) Icicle-like features suspended from the ceilings of caves are called _________.
A)travertines
B)columns
C)stalagmites
D)stalactites
E)uvalas
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Chapter 15: Landforms Made by Running Water
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Sample Questions
Q1) The apex of a(n)______________ lies at the mouth of a canyon or ravine.
A)delta
B)natural levee
C)alluvial fan
D)pediment
E)ravine
Q2) Which of the following features develops once a river has reached a graded condition?
A)lakes
B)levee
C)terrace
D)braided channel
E)floodplain
Q3) Compare and contrast the landscapes inherent in early,middle and late stages of stream gradation.
Q4) As water flow increases,a stream flowing in a channel that is cut into thick layers of alluvium will easily deepen its channel.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Using an annotated diagram,describe the progression of stream gradation.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Landforms Made by Waves and Wind
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe and explain the formation of loess and account for where we find deposits of loess today.
Q2) Relatively small sand dunes that are crescent-shaped are termed:
A)barchans
B)star dunes
C)transverse dunes
D)longitudinal dunes
E)seif dunes
Q3) When a wave approaches a beach at an oblique angle,only part of it is lowed down as it reaches shallow water.The rest of the wave continues to move at a high velocity,bending the wave.This process is called ________________.
A)wave broadening
B)wave reflection
C)wave refraction
D)wave drift
E)beach drift
Q4) Using an annotated diagram describe the features in a barchan dune.
Q5) Using an annotated diagram,describe and explain the development sea arches,stacks,notches,caves and abrasion platforms.
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Chapter 17: Glacier Landforms and the Ice Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) The uppermost layer of a glacier is brittle,but beneath the ice behaves as a plastic substance and moves by slow flowage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe and explain the possible causes of the Late Cenozoic Ice Age.
Q3) Streams of meltwater from the terminus of a glacier build glacial deltas that eventually become flat-topped land forms known as kames.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The warmer interglacial epoch in which we currently find ourselves is referred to as the:
A)Laurentide
B)Cenozoic
C)Pliocene
D)Wisconsinan
E)Holocene
Q5) Describe the spread of ice sheets across North America during the Wisconsinan glaciation
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