Geography
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Geography is the study of the Earth's landscapes, environments, and the relationships between people and their environments. This course explores both the physical features of the planet such as landforms, climate, and ecosystems and the human aspects, including population distribution, urban development, cultural interactions, and the impact of human activity on the natural world. Students will develop skills in spatial thinking and analysis while learning how geography shapes societies, influences global issues, and affects resource management and sustainability. The course combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications, including map reading, geographic information systems (GIS), and fieldwork.
Recommended Textbook
Introducing Physical Geography 5th Edition by Alan H. Strahler
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Chapter 1: The Earth As a Rotating Planet
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Q1) When the Sun is at its maximum inclination in the Northern Hemisphere it is:
A)the summer solstice
B)the winter solstice
C)the autumnal equinox
D)the vernal equinox
E)the spring equinox
Answer: A
Q2) If you were to look down on Earth from above the North Pole the Earth would be seen to be rotating in a clockwise direction.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The Earth equatorial diameter is slightly larger than the polar diameter.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Theoretically,the Earth is divided into 24,15 degree wide time zones.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Earths Global Energy Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) When water evaporates from a surface:
A)energy is liberated and the surface is warmed
B)energy is absorbed and the surface is cooled
C)there is no change in energy
D)the type of surface determines whether heat is lost or gained by the surface
E)only latent heat is involved in the process
Answer: B
Q2) At what wavelength does the Sun emit most energy?
A)ultraviolet
B)visible
C)infrared
D)near infrared
E)gamma radiation
Answer: B
Q3) The albedo of water is generally high for near vertical rays of sunlight on calm water.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Air Temperature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Air temperature increase with altitude,an inversion is present.This can develop on cloudy nights when the surface loses longwave radiation to space.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What is the homosphere?
A)The lower portion of the troposphere only
B)The troposphere and the lower portion of the stratosphere
C)The troposphere,stratosphere and the lower portion of the mesosphere
D)The troposphere,mesosphere and the lower portion of the thermosphere
E)The troposphere,mesosphere,stratosphere and the lower portion of the thermosphere
Answer: E
Q3) Crossing isotherms at a perpendicular is sad to be:
A)impossible.
B)the correct way to compare isotherms.
C)called the "temperature gradient".
D)increasing in temperature.
E)decreasing in temperature.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe today's weather at your location with reference to air stability and humidity.
Q2) Describe clouds at low,medium and high altitude referring to specific cloud types.
Q3) The direct transition from solid ice to gaseous water vapor is known as:
A)evaporation
B)deposition
C)sublimation
D)condensation
E)melting
Q4) Cumulus clouds forming from convection have flat bases that mark the:
A)location of the dew point temperature
B)mixing layer
C)tropopause
D)zone of unstable air
E)lifting condensation level
Q5) The actual quantity of water vapor held by a parcel of air is its relative humidity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Winds and the Global Circulation System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The greatest wind speeds occur in the center of jet streams with velocities decreasing away from the center.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe and explain the local winds of your region.
Q3) Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A)Jet streams exist in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres
B)All jet streams are characterized by westerly wind flows
C)In the Northern hemisphere,the subtropical jet stream is active throughout the year
D)The polar jet is typically found at altitudes of 10 to 12 kms (30,000 to 40,000 ft).
E)Wind speeds in jet streams are much faster than wind speeds at the ground surface
Q4) The Jet Stream takes place at high altitudes and produces very high wind speeds.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe and explain the factors leading to the Asian monsoon seasons.
Q6) Describe the changes in temperature,pressure and other atmospheric variables as you ascend through the atmosphere.
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Chapter 6: Weather Systems
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Q1) An air mass that forms under warm,moist,conditions will contain more moisture that an air mass that forms under cool,moist,conditions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A wave begins to form in a wave cyclone during which of the following stages?
A)early stage
B)open stage
C)closed stage
D)occluded
E)dissolving stage
Q3) An air mass that forms over warm oceans from an equatorial region would be designated by which of the following symbols?
A)cP
B)cE
C)mE
D)mA
E)mAA
Q4) Describe the nature of a hurricane from its development,movement and dissolution.
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Chapter 7: Global Climates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the climate and vegetation of the Mediterranean climate.
Q2) The wet mid-latitude west coasts are located between 35 and 65 degrees latitude. A)True
B)False
Q3) Using an annotated sketch map of an idealized supercontinent,identify the location of each of the low latitude climate types
Q4) Semiarid climates are noted for A)a complete lack of vegetation.
B)a surface covered with dry lakes.
C)steppes with sparse grasslands.
D)high surface winds.
E)ice covered surfaces
Q5) Savanna woodland is made up of sparse trees and wide areas of grassland. A)True B)False
Q6) Compare and contrast the seasonal variations evident in dry subtropical climates and moist subtropical climates
Q7) Using two annotated climographs,compare the wet-dry tropical climate type to the dry tropical climate type
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Chapter 8: Biogeographic Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following forms of interaction between species is responsible for the important role of legumes in the recycling of nitrogen in the soil?
A)succession
B)predation
C)herbivory
D)parsitism
E)symbiosis
Q2) The pioneer stage of succession is characterized by shade-tolerant plants that prefer consistent temperature and soil moisture conditions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Photosynthesis and respiration occur simultaneously in a plant so that the amount of new carbohydrate in storage is greater than the total carbohydrate being synthesized
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the causes and effects of energy loss with each successive level of production and consumption in a food chain.
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Chapter 9: Global Biogeography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Natural Vegetation covers is dependant on human activity in many Biomes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Boreal forests may be classified as which of the following forest types?
A)low-latitude rainforest
B)subtropical evergreen forest
C)mid-latitude deciduous forest
D)needleleaf forest
E)coastal needleleaf forest
Q3) How many principle biomes are listed in your text?
A)12
B)10
C)5
D)6
E)3
Q4) Low latitude rainforest never occurs where there is a dry season.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Using an annotated diagram,describe a transect of vegetation types from the low to high altitudes
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Chapter 10: Global Soils
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Q1) Vertisols tend to have a neutral pH,and are high in base status with organic matter distributed evenly through the soil.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not an example of a soil secondary mineral?
A)mineral oxides
B)silicate minerals
C)sesquioxides
D)clay minerals
E)limonite
Q3) Which of the following soils lacks distinctive horizons,is found in tropical regions and has a marked red color?
A)inceptisol
B)vertisol
C)histosol
D)oxisol
E)spodosol
Q4) Compare and contrast the different orders of poorly developed soils,and examine the reasons for their differences.
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Chapter 11: Earth Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) The boundary between the North American Plate and the northern portion of the Pacific plate is a:
A)converging boundary
B)spreading boundary
C)transform boundary
D)continental suture
E)boundary that is currently not classified
Q2) The original supercontinent first envisaged by Wegener is referred to as:
A)Koppenland
B)Wegenerland
C)Pangea
D)Laurasia
E)Gondwanaland
Q3) Summarize the way that land masses have moved over time from the initial supercontinent,using sketch maps where relevant.
Q4) The bulk of igneous rocks are made up of silicate minerals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast the nature and formation of intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.
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Chapter 12: Volcanic and Tectonic Landforms
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Q1) The location inside the earth where an earthquake originates is termed its
A)focus
B)orogeny
C)epicenter
D)face
E)mineralogic substrate
Q2) Which of the following features may be associated with the eruption of a stratovolcano?
A)frothy basalt ejected at high pressure from the vent
B)a cinder cone
C)a glowing avalanche of hot gases and fine ash
D)a low shield-shaped volcano
E)fluid flood basalt lava flows that cover large areas
Q3) The Richter scale measures what characteristic of earthquakes?
A)amount of ground motion
B)quantity of energy released
C)size of displacement in the fault
D)degree of damage to local buildings
E)area over which the earthquake was detected
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Chapter 13: Weathering and Mass Wasting
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Q1) ____________ is the general term applied to the combined action of all processes that cause rock to disintegrate physically and decompose chemically because of exposure near the earth's surface.
A)Erosion
B)Mass wasting
C)Weathering
D)Soil creep
E)Talus
Q2) Using an annotated diagram,describe a vegetation slope and the factors that might contribute to mass wasting.
Q3) Human activities can _____________ mass wasting in forms ranging from mudflow and earthflow to landslide.
A)change
B)predict
C)hinder
D)induce
E)none of the above
Q4) Describe and explain the formation of stone polygons with particular reference to sorting and slope gradient.
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Chapter 14: Fresh Water of the Continents
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Q1) How does urbanization impact stream flow?
A)The development of large areas of permeable surfaces
B)Overland flow across the urban area decreases
C)Storm sewers slow the rate at which water is delivered to nearby rivers and streams
D)Recharge of groundwater beneath the urban area is reduced
E)Decrease the frequency and height of flood peaks after heavy storms
Q2) Which of the following features defines the upper surface of groundwater?
A)the soil-water belt
B)the unsaturated zone
C)the saturated zone
D)the water table
E)the regolith
Q3) Surface runoff is also known as ____________ .
A)flooding
B)overland flow
C)infiltration
D)erosion
E)stream flow
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Chapter 15: Landforms Made by Running Water
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Q1) Stream transportation consists of movement of the eroded particles dragged over the stream bed,suspended in the body of the stream,or held in solution as ions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Both the suspended load and bed load of rivers decrease with an increase in velocity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The general term to describe any stream-laid deposit is:
A)bars
B)fans
C)alluvium
D)discharge
E)colluvium
Q4) Describe and explain the erosional and depositional processes associated with slope erosion
Q5) Splash erosion can eventually cause a soil to be less able to absorb water. A)True B)False
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Chapter 16: Landforms Made by Waves and Wind
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Q1) A deeply embayed,rugged coast formed by the partial submergence of glacial troughs would be classified as a:
A)ria coast
B)barrier island coast
C)fault coast
D)fiord coast
E)delta coast
Q2) Barchan dunes usually rest on sand seas and usually occur singly rather than in groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The shifting of materials up and down the coastline edge with the wash and backwash is specifically known as the:
A)undercurrent
B)littoral drift
C)beach drift
D)longshore current
E)longshore drift
Q4) Compare and contrast the different types of coral reefs.
Q5) Using an annotated diagram describe the features in a barchan dune.
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Chapter 17: Glacier Landforms and the Ice Age
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Q1) Which of the following types of till consists of clay rich debris previously dragged forward beneath the moving ice?
A)till
B)stratified drift
C)ground moraine
D)lodgment till
E)ablation till
Q2) Streams of meltwater from the terminus of a glacier build glacial deltas that eventually become flat-topped land forms known as kames.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ice sheets during the last glacial maximum in North America,extended as far south as Florida and Texas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Using an annotated diagram,describe the general features of a valley glacier.Identify and define the processes that dominate each zone.
Q5) Describe and explain the possible causes of the Late Cenozoic Ice Age.
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