General Psychology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
General Psychology is an introductory course that explores the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Covering foundational topics such as perception, cognition, learning, memory, motivation, development, personality, psychological disorders, and therapy, the course provides students with a broad understanding of the key concepts, theories, and research methods in psychology. Through lectures, discussions, and practical activities, students gain insight into how psychological principles apply to everyday life and how they inform our understanding of individuals and society.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 2nd Australia Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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17 Chapters
2610 Verified Questions
2610 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following logical fallacies is like a self-serving bias because we assume they apply to other people's information processing more often than our own?
A)Bandwagon fallacy
B)Either-or fallacy
C)Emotional reasoning fallacy
D)Not me fallacy
Answer: D
Q2) A key characteristic of a pseudoscience is that incorrect theories are A)discarded.
B)formulated and revised as needed.
C)never corrected or changed.
D)seldom believed by the general public.
Answer: C
Q3) Mistakenly assuming that popularity of a theory is in some way indicative of a theory's correctness or accuracy is the definition of ________.
Answer: the bandwagon fallacy
Q4) Scientific scepticism requires that any claim is met with a(n)________.
Answer: open mind
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3
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Professor Todd decides to test her hypothesis that eating chocolate prior to exams increases students' test scores. She randomly assigns students to two groups at the beginning of the semester. One group receives a bar of chocolate before each test, while the other group receives another type of candy. She compares their scores at the end of the year, and finds that the students who ate the chocolate scored an average of ten points higher on their exams. What is a fair conclusion that can be drawn from this experiment?
A)Eating chocolate causes students' test scores to increase.
B)Eating chocolate has no relationship to students' test scores.
C)Eating chocolate may increase students' satisfaction with the class.
D)Eating chocolate makes students happy.
Answer: A
Q2) ________ biases are systematic errors in thinking.
A)Confirmation
B)Hindsight
C)Cognitive
D)Functional
Answer: C
Q3) The preferred measure of variability in descriptive statistics is the ________. Answer: standard deviation
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurons in virtually every brain area use these neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons. They are
A)glutamate and GABA.
B)GABA and acetylcholine.
C)glutamate and serotonin.
D)dopamine and serotonin.
Answer: A
Q2) The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.
A)central
B)autonomic
C)peripheral
D)somatic
Answer: A
Q3) The ________ is the central region of the neuron that manufactures new cell components.
A)neuronal membrane
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)cell body
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that you can easily recognise a picture of Mickey Mouse or Bart Simpson as that character, no matter what angle they are presented in during a cartoon, is an example of
A)colour constancy.
B)location constancy.
C)shape constancy.
D)size constancy.
Q2) Which of the following most closely mimics the process of transduction?
A)Betty mixes eggs, flour, and sugar together to make a cake.
B)While painting, Stan combines the colours red and blue to make purple.
C)Gas companies convert crude oil into a fuel that car engines can run on.
D)Nike changes its logo from a "swoosh" to a "panther".
Q3) Extrasensory knowledge of someone else's thoughts is called ________.
A)telepathy
B)precognition
C)clairvoyance
D)psychometry
Q4) How might a proponent of ESP use signal detection theory to explain the experimenter effect that interferes with demonstrating that ESP exists?
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a treatment for sleep apnea that may be effective for children but is not generally effective for adults?
A)The use of a breathing mask during sleep
B)Efforts to encourage weight loss
C)Removal of enlarged tonsils
D)Prescribing asthma medication
Q2) It is 3 am and Jack is in the kitchen standing at the refrigerator. His wife walks in and asks him what he thinks he's doing. Jack does not respond, but begins to take out items to make a sandwich. What might Jack be exhibiting?
A)Insomnia
B)Night terror
C)Middle ear muscle inactivity
D)Sleepwalking
Q3) Research has highlighted the importance of what region of the brain in the process of dreaming?
A)Forebrain
B)Midbrain
C)Occipital lobe
D)Temporal lobe
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Julie is paid based on commission, so her salary reflects a ________ schedule of reinforcement.
A)variable interval
B)variable ratio
C)fixed interval
D)fixed ratio
Q2) The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called ________.
A)counterconditioning
B)instinctive drift
C)spontaneous recovery
D)stimulus substitution
Q3) You need to remove a broken light globe from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves, you are likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that you can use a cut potato to remove the light globe from the socket. You have just demonstrated
A)S-O-R learning
B)a cognitive map
C)latent learning
D)insight learning
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Chapter 7: Memory
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What system of memory has the largest span and longest duration?
A)Flashbulb memory
B)Long-term memory
C)Sensory memory
D)Short-term memory
Q2) The Magic Number seven plus or minus two refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.
Q3) The research by Lloyd and Margaret Peterson suggests that the duration of short-term memory is about 15 seconds, but some have proposed that it may be as short as 5 seconds. These other theorists have suggested that some of the participants in the Petersons' study were able to silently rehearse the letters they were shown, thus appearing to have a longer short-term memory duration. This alternative explanation for the Petersons' findings demonstrates which principle of critical thinking?
A)Replicability
B)Extraordinary claims
C)Falsifiability
D)Ruling out rival hypotheses
Q4) Scientific research suggests that the total loss of memory, or ________ amnesia, is extremely rare.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning and Language
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The average reader uses ________ to read the vast majority of printed words.
A)phonetic decomposition
B)whole word recognition
C)surface salience
D)the representativeness heuristic
Q2) The meanings derived from words or sentences are collectively known as the ________ of language.
A)semantics
B)proxemics
C)syntatics
D)pragmatics
Q3) How many morphemes are there in the sentence "I wanted it"?
A)Three
B)Four
C)Six
D)Five
Q4) When babies use nonsense syllables in a conversational tone, they are engaging in
Q5) Researchers must be wary of ________ bias, which causes them to ignore evidence that contradicts their views.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Iq Testing
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between brain size and intelligence?
A)The higher the brain volume is, the higher the intelligence test scores.
B)Higher brain volume causes higher intelligence test scores.
C)The higher the brain volume is, the lower the intelligence test scores.
D)Higher brain volume is unrelated to intelligence test scores.
Q2) On a newly-developed IQ test, an individual scores at the 110 level on the first half of the test, and 150 on the second half of the test. What does this test appear to lack?
A)Reliability
B)Standardisation
C)Predictive validity
D)Appropriate norms
Q3) Regarding bell curve assumptions, which of the following is true?
A)About 95 per cent of the population will achieve an IQ test score between 70 and 130.
B)About 75 per cent of the population will achieve an IQ test score above 130.
C)About 20 per cent of the population will achieve an IQ test score below 70.
D)About 20 per cent of the population will achieve an IQ test score above 150.
Q4) ________ intelligence refers to the accumulated knowledge we acquire as we age.
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Chapter 10: Human Development
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kohlberg's belief that the development of moral judgement is intricately related to the development of cognitive skills built on the work of ________.
A)Gilligan
B)Erikson
C)Piaget
D)Freud
Q2) The emotional connection that a newborn baby shares with his or her caregiver(s)is called ________.
A)maternal love
B)paternality
C)affective link
D)attachment
Q3) Kevin is a 45-year-old college professor. Compared to when he was 20, Kevin is now likely to
A)struggle hearing students' questions during lecture.
B)struggle analysing students' questions during lecture.
C)struggle formulating his thoughts when responding to students' questions.
D)struggle verbalising his thoughts when responding to students' questions.
Q4) A teenager is most likely functioning in Piaget's ________.
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Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Charlotte is preparing dinner for her family. She just finished running nearly 10 miles and plans on another run after dinner. As she dishes out meatloaf and potatoes to her mother, father, and brother, she reserves a small bowl of broccoli for herself. What eating disorder is Charlotte at risk for?
A)Bulimia nervosa
B)Bulimianorexia
C)Anorexia nervosa
D)Hysteria
Q2) As the textbook points out, many people are willing to endure very bad circumstances-going hungry, living in dangerous neighbourhoods-because they are passionate about their professions. This is particularly important for artists, actors, singers, and other such adults. These priorities are inconsistent with Maslow's hierarchy of needs, thus reminding us about the importance of the critical-thinking concept of A)extraordinary claims.
B)Occam's Razor.
C)replicability.
D)falsifiability.
Q3) Describe the levels of personal space and provide an example for each level.
Q4) In addition to direct stimuli, emotions are also subject to ________ influences.
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping and Health
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are reasons for weight increase, apart from diet and exercise?
A)Lack of adequate sleep and use of medicines
B)Use of medicines and genetic influences
C)Lack of adequate sleep and genetic influences
D)Lack of adequate sleep, use of medicines and genetic influences
Q2) David Holmes and colleagues developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)to measure change due to ________.
A)natural disasters
B)major life events
C)social difficulties
D)negative life events
Q3) The number one cause of death in Australia is ________.
A)coronary heart disease
B)cancer
C)motor vehicle accidents
D)suicide
Q4) Psychologists use the term ________ to describe illnesses in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate physical conditions.
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14
Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n)________ attribution is made when we blame an individual's behaviour on the situation; a(n)________ attribution is made when we blame the individual's behaviour on his or her personality or other personal characteristics.
A)external; situational
B)internal; external
C)external; internal
D)dispositional; situational
Q2) Research suggests that cults promote groupthink in the following ways EXCEPT
A)having a persuasive leader who fosters loyalty.
B)connecting group members to the outside world.
C)discouraging questioning of the group's or leader's assumptions.
D)using training practices that gradually indoctrinate members.
Q3) The emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking is called
A)deindividuation
B)conformity
C)obedience
D)groupthink
Q4) Discuss bystander nonintervention and what factors influence intervention.
Q5) ________ is an emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Cross-Cultural Psychology
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the term used to describe the process of cultural transmission which does not take place through specific teaching.
Q2) Nolan and McConnochie have suggested effective strategies for dealing with contradictions between Western and Indigenous ways of working in applied psychology. These are aimed at letting go of "Western ways that do not work". Which of the following would not work?
A)Doing a lot of informal talking and listening with the community.
B)Exploring psychological theory with the community.
C)Working slowly and paying attention to nonverbal signals from the community.
D)Finding out what the community sees as important and practical.
Q3) When psychologists assess human characteristics using standard instruments, and make interpretations without taking cultural differences into account, they are adopting the theoretical orientation of ________.
Q4) ________ assumes that all human behaviour is culturally patterned.
A)Relativism
B)Universalism
C)Absolutism
D)Culturalism
Q5) Culture helps us to ________ ourselves and interact with others.
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Chapter 15: Personality
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists believe that personality is largely the result of A)genetics.
B)multiple factors.
C)parental and peer influences.
D)responses to life stressors.
Q2) According to the authors, ________ is one of the most influential personality theorists in all of psychology.
A)Gordon Allport
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Abraham Maslow
D)B) F. Skinner
Q3) According to Freud, defence mechanisms are unconscious attempts to minimise feelings of ________.
A)denial
B)anxiety
C)repression
D)regression
Q4) In contrast to Freud's theory, the neo-Freudians placed more importance on the role of ________ in achieving healthy personality development.
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What general category of psychological disorders is characterised by a disruption in one's consciousness, memory, identity, or perception?
A)Anxiety disorders
B)Dissociative disorders
C)Personality disorders
D)Schizophrenia
Q2) Identify and discuss two important myths as well as the reality of suicide and important risk factors that predict suicide attempts.
Q3) Jenny's son received his mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine approximately six months ago. Shortly after his second birthday, she noticed that he is showing many of the classic signs of autism. Her belief that the vaccine caused his autism is
A)an example of confirmation bias.
B)an example of hindsight bias.
C)an example of illusory correlation.
D)supported by several scientific studies.
Q4) An approach to understanding how mental disorders occur as the result of a combination of genetic factors, psychological difficulties, and the culture in which one lives, is known as the ________ approach.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A behavioural therapist is most likely to focus on
A)the past and broad traits.
B)the past and specific behaviours.
C)the present and broad traits.
D)the present and specific behaviours.
Q2) Keegan has entered into rehabilitation for both an alcohol abuse problem as well as an addiction to cocaine. His therapist recognises that Keegan may not wish to change some of his long-standing behaviours that have precipitated his problems. Therefore, she spends the first two sessions working with Keegan to identify the reasons for changing and not changing his life. This form of person-centred therapy is known as
Q3) As these therapies may involve unpleasant techniques, the decision to implement ________ should be made only after carefully weighing the costs and benefits relative to alternative approaches.
A)token therapies
B)aversion therapies
C)assertion therapies
D)modelling therapies
Q4) A main focus of cognitive therapy is to identify, challenge, and change one's
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